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Text-fig. 5. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – fragment of left P4 and left M3, Ivanovce, fissure 6523. a–d: P4 sin. (Z 28201 – OF 6523; a, c – lingual view, b, d – occlusal view, a–b – hypothetical reconstruction of the premolar), e–f: M3 sin. (Z 28202 – OF 6523; occlusal view). in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 5. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – fragment of left P4 and left M3, Ivanovce, fissure 6523. a–d: P4 sin. (Z 28201 – OF 6523; a, c – lingual view, b, d – occlusal view, a–b – hypothetical reconstruction of the premolar), e–f: M3 sin. (Z 28202 – OF 6523; occlusal view).

Text-fig. 7. Enamel microstructure in the molars of (a) Allosorex stenodus (KOE-4196 / Z 28207 – OF 6512) and (b) Blarina brevicauda (KOE-1435). SEM photos showing transverse sections of the paralophid in a lower molar. The schmelzmuster of Allosorex is one-layered and formed exclusively from radial enamel (RE), whereas the schmelzmuster of Blarina is two-layered, with an inner enamel of laterally inclined radial enamel with distinct interrow sheets (REIS). The radial enamel of the outer layer is heavily pigmented and therefore poorly etched. The pigmentation does not affect the schmelzmuster. in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 7. Enamel microstructure in the molars of (a) Allosorex stenodus (KOE-4196 / Z 28207 – OF 6512) and (b) Blarina brevicauda (KOE-1435). SEM photos showing transverse sections of the paralophid in a lower molar. The schmelzmuster of Allosorex is one-layered and formed exclusively from radial enamel (RE), whereas the schmelzmuster of Blarina is two-layered, with an inner enamel of laterally inclined radial enamel with distinct interrow sheets (REIS). The radial enamel of the outer layer is heavily pigmented and therefore poorly etched. The pigmentation does not affect the schmelzmuster.

Text-fig. 8. The limited differentiation the schmelzmuster in Allosorex (Allosoricinae) indicates its phylogenetic position in Soricomorpha. The numbers to the right refer to the different types of schmelzmuster found in Soricidae: 1 – Soricella-schmelzmuster, 2 – Anourosorex- schmelzmuster, 3 – Crocidura-schmelzmuster, 4 – Notiosorex-schmelzmuster, 5 – Sorex-schmelzmuster, and 6 – Blarina-schmelzmuster (ex Koenigswald and Reumer 2020). in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 8. The limited differentiation the schmelzmuster in Allosorex (Allosoricinae) indicates its phylogenetic position in Soricomorpha. The numbers to the right refer to the different types of schmelzmuster found in Soricidae: 1 – Soricella-schmelzmuster, 2 – Anourosorex- schmelzmuster, 3 – Crocidura-schmelzmuster, 4 – Notiosorex-schmelzmuster, 5 – Sorex-schmelzmuster, and 6 – Blarina-schmelzmuster (ex Koenigswald and Reumer 2020).

Text-fig. 3. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – paratype (Z 28209 – OF 652356), Ivanovce, fissure 6523. a–c: recontruction of the mandible with antemolar, m1 and m2 (a – buccal view, b – occlusal view, c – lingual view), d: condylar facets (posterior view), e: paratype mandible without the antemolar (SEM buccal view), f–h: lost antemolar (f – occlusal view, g – buccal view, h – anterior view), i–k: detail view on the antemolar and molars (i – buccal view, j – occlusal view, k – lingual view), l: detail SEM buccal view on m1 and m2. in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 3. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – paratype (Z 28209 – OF 652356), Ivanovce, fissure 6523. a–c: recontruction of the mandible with antemolar, m1 and m2 (a – buccal view, b – occlusal view, c – lingual view), d: condylar facets (posterior view), e: paratype mandible without the antemolar (SEM buccal view), f–h: lost antemolar (f – occlusal view, g – buccal view, h – anterior view), i–k: detail view on the antemolar and molars (i – buccal view, j – occlusal view, k – lingual view), l: detail SEM buccal view on m1 and m2.

Text-fig. 2. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – holotype (Z 28208 – OF 651273), Ivanovce, fissure 6512. a–c: recontruction of the mandible with incisor (a – buccal view, b – occlusal view, c – lingual view), d–e: condylar facets (d – posterior view, e – ventral view), f: holotype lower incisor (SEM lingual view), g: holotype mandible (SEM lingual view). in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 2. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – holotype (Z 28208 – OF 651273), Ivanovce, fissure 6512. a–c: recontruction of the mandible with incisor (a – buccal view, b – occlusal view, c – lingual view), d–e: condylar facets (d – posterior view, e – ventral view), f: holotype lower incisor (SEM lingual view), g: holotype mandible (SEM lingual view).

Text-fig. 4. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – upper and lower incisors, Ivanovce, fissure 6523. a–g: upper left incisor (Z 28193 – OF 652360; a, f – buccal view, b, g – lingual view, c – anterior view, d – dorsal view, e – ventral view), h–i: upper right incisor (Z 28192 – OF 6523; h – buccal view, i – lingual view), j–m: lower right incisor (Z 28197 – OF 652363; j, m – buccal view, k – lingual view, l – dorsal view), n–o: lower right incisor (Z 28196 – OF 652362; n – lingual view, o – crown cross-section), p–q: lower right incisor (Z 28195 – OF 652361; p – lingual view, l – crown cross-section), r: lower left incisor (Z 28199 – OF 6523; lingual view). in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 4. Allosorex stenodus FEJFAR, 1966 – upper and lower incisors, Ivanovce, fissure 6523. a–g: upper left incisor (Z 28193 – OF 652360; a, f – buccal view, b, g – lingual view, c – anterior view, d – dorsal view, e – ventral view), h–i: upper right incisor (Z 28192 – OF 6523; h – buccal view, i – lingual view), j–m: lower right incisor (Z 28197 – OF 652363; j, m – buccal view, k – lingual view, l – dorsal view), n–o: lower right incisor (Z 28196 – OF 652362; n – lingual view, o – crown cross-section), p–q: lower right incisor (Z 28195 – OF 652361; p – lingual view, l – crown cross-section), r: lower left incisor (Z 28199 – OF 6523; lingual view).

Text-fig. 1. Location of Ivanovce Pliocene primate site in Slovakia within the wider area of the Carpathians-Pannonian Basin (white circle). The northern wall of the former limestone quarry at Ivanovce near Trenčín in western Slovakia. Several karst fillings provided a rich early Pliocene vertebrate assemblage. a: schematic sketch of the site showing the location of different karst fillings, b: photo of the same site during the palaeontological research in 1960s. in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record

Text-fig. 1. Location of Ivanovce Pliocene primate site in Slovakia within the wider area of the Carpathians-Pannonian Basin (white circle). The northern wall of the former limestone quarry at Ivanovce near Trenčín in western Slovakia. Several karst fillings provided a rich early Pliocene vertebrate assemblage. a: schematic sketch of the site showing the location of different karst fillings, b: photo of the same site during the palaeontological research in 1960s.

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FIG. 1. — Palaeogronotoma nordlanderi n. gen., n in Palaeogronotoma n. gen. from the Miocene of Spain, the first Tertiary fossil record of the subfamily Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae)

FIG. 1. — Palaeogronotoma nordlanderi n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae), MPZ-97/547. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

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FIG. 2 in Palaeogronotoma n. gen. from the Miocene of Spain, the first Tertiary fossil record of the subfamily Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae)

FIG. 2. — Photomicrographs of Palaeogronotoma nordlanderi n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) MPZ-97/547 taken under ethanol: A, general view of the fossil; B, detail of the fore wing veins; C, head and antennae; D, detail of the antennal club showing the rhinaria; E, detail of the mesosoma (arrows indicate the notaulices). Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C, 0.4 mm; D, E, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 4 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America

FIG. 4.— Location map and fossil record of northern South American Astrapotheriidae Ameghino, 1887, based on data from Kraglievich (1928), Stehlin (1928), Scott (1937), Simpson (1940), Paula Couto (1976, 1982), Rancy (1981), Frailey (1986, 1987), Isea (1987), Johnson & Madden (1997), Flynn et al. (2002, 2008), Sánchez-Villagra et al. (2004), Weston et al. (2004), Antoine et al. (2007), Croft (2007), and Negri et al. (2010). Abbreviations: LO, late Oligocene; EM, early Miocene; MM, middle Miocene; LM, late Miocene.

FIG. 2 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America

FIG. 2. — Xenastrapotherium sp. from the late middle Miocene Fitzcarrald local fauna, Peruvian Amazonia: A-F, edentulous symphysis with canine alveoli (MUSM 1468), IN-DTC 20 locality; A, dorsal view; B, interpretative reconstruction with canines, same view; C, rostro-dorsal view;D, interpretative reconstruction with alveoli of anterior teeth,same view;E, right lateral view;F, interpretative reconstruction with canines, same view; G -J, left P3 without ectoloph (MUSM 1467), IN-DTC 37 locality; G, occlusal view; H, interpretative sketch of the occlusal view, with main observed features; I, mesiolingual view; J, distal view; K-M, left i1 (MUSM 1466), IN-DTC 20 locality; K, occlusal view; L, labial view; M, lingual view. Leftward and upward arrows show mesial and labial sides, respectively. Scale bars: A-F, 50 mm; G-M, 20 mm.

FIG. 1 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America

FIG. 1. — Location map of the late middle Miocene astrapotheriid-yielding vertebrate localities in the Río Inuya and Río Mapuya area ("Fitzcarrald local fauna", Ipururo Formation), Ucayali Department, eastern Peru.

FIG. 3 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America

FIG. 3. — Granastrapotherium cf. snorki from the late middle Miocene Fitzcarrald local fauna, Peruvian Amazonia. Left broken M2 without ectoloph (MUSM 994), IN-DTC 28 locality (float): A, occlusal view; B, interpretative sketch of the occlusal view; C, tentative reconstruction of the whole tooth. Scale bar: 20 mm.

FIG. 5 in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): a scyphozoan from the Ordovician of Normandy, France, recorded for the first time as a reworked fossil in the Triassic of Devon, England

FIG. 5. — Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) from the Upper Ordovician Grès de May of May-sur-Orne, Normandy: A, NHMUK PI PG4465; B, NHMUK PI C3409a; C, NHMUK PI CL1000; D, NHMUK PI C3408d; E, NHMUK PI C3407; F, NHMUK PI 3408b; G-L, MNHN.F, d'Orbigny collection no. 25; G, H, specimen MNHN.F.A00023 (a); I, J, specimen MNHN.F.A00023 (b); K, L, specimen MNHN.F.A00023 (c). Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 1 in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): a scyphozoan from the Ordovician of Normandy, France, recorded for the first time as a reworked fossil in the Triassic of Devon, England

FIG. 1. — Reproduction of a part of plate 20 of Deslongchamps (1825), showing conulariids referred to as "Conulaire ondulée (var.)" (figs 6a-c; 7a, b) and "Conulaire acutangle" (fig. 8). The former is the large conulariid characteristic of the Ordovician Grand May For- mation of May-sur-Orne, here revised as Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837).

FIG. 4 in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): a scyphozoan from the Ordovician of Normandy, France, recorded for the first time as a reworked fossil in the Triassic of Devon, England

FIG. 4. — Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) from the Upper Ordovician Grès de May of May-sur-Orne, Normandy: Harvard, Bronn collection: A-D, lectotype, MCZ16028; E-H, plaster cast, MCZ16029; I, J, plaster cast MCZ (no number). Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 3 in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): a scyphozoan from the Ordovician of Normandy, France, recorded for the first time as a reworked fossil in the Triassic of Devon, England

FIG. 3. — Outcrop (stippled) and subcrop (hatched) of the Sherwood Sandstone Group, including the Budleigh Salterton Pebble Bed Formation, in southern England, with sedimentary column of the BSPBF at its type locality (after Smith & Edwards 1991).

FIG. 2 in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): a scyphozoan from the Ordovician of Normandy, France, recorded for the first time as a reworked fossil in the Triassic of Devon, England

FIG. 2. — Locations of Budleigh Salterton (Devon) and May-sur-Orne (Normandy), with the approximate position of the Rheic Suture between the palaeocontinents of Avalonia and Gondwana. Both localities yield Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): indigenous examples occur in the Upper Ordovician Grès de May of May-sur-Orne, while reworked fossils occur in the Triassic Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds Formation of Budleigh Salterton.

F in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): a scyphozoan from the Ordovician of Normandy, France, recorded for the first time as a reworked fossil in the Triassic of Devon, England

F IG. 7. — Relationship between length/width ratio and apical an- gle in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) specimens from the Grès de May of Normandy and reworked conulariids from the Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds of Devon (circled squares).

FIG. 6 in Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837): a scyphozoan from the Ordovician of Normandy, France, recorded for the first time as a reworked fossil in the Triassic of Devon, England

FIG. 6. — Reworked Ordovician conulariids from the Triassic Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds Formation, Devon: A, B, Metaconularia? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) (NHMUK PI G15294); C, D, conulariid indet. (NHMUK PI G15295); E, F, part and counterpart of conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15287); G, fragment of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15288); H, I, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15289); J, K, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15290); L, conulariid indet. (NHMUK PI G15291); M, conulariid indet., probably a juvenile individual of M.? pyramidata (NHMUK PI G15292); N, O, M.? pyramidata (Bronn, 1837) (NHMUK PI G15293). Scale bars: 10 mm.