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373 results for “herbaceous”
FIGURE 4 in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama
FIGURE 4. Rachillas of the internode of the anthecium (elaiosomes). A. Cryptochloa dressleri B. C. stapfii.
FIGURE 1 in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama
FIGURE 1. Cryptochloa stapfii Baldini & Ortiz: Panama, Bocas del Toro, M.S. Stapf 865, R.M. Baldini R. & O.O. Ortiz (from holotype, PMA). A. Habit, basal part. B. Habit, upper part with slender inflorescences. C. Female floret (ventral view). D. Female floret (dorsal view). E. Lower glume of female floret. F. Upper glume of female floret. G. Lemma of male floret. H. Stamens. I. Palea of male floret. L. Basal leaf blade with ligule. Illustration by Anne Maury.
FIGURE 5 in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama
FIGURE 5. Comparison of leaf morphology between Cryptochloa dressleri and C. stapfii. A. C. dressleri, adaxial leaf surface, with linear rows of bulliform cells (large arrow), and crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB). B. C. dressleri, abaxial leaf surface, with prickles (large arrow), crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB), and cruciform silica bodies (CruSB). C. C. stapfii, adaxial leaf surface with irregular rows of bulliform cells (large arrow) and crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB). D. C. stapfii, abaxial leaf surface without prickles, crenate (olyroid) silica bodies (CreSB), and cruciform silica bodies (CruSB). Specimens: C. dressleri (Stapf et al. 785, FT, PMA, SCZ), C. stapfii (Stapf et al. 865, FT, PMA, SCZ).
FIGURE 2. Cryptochloa stapfii Baldini & O in Cryptochloa stapfii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae), a new neotropical herbaceous bamboo from Panama
FIGURE 2. Cryptochloa stapfii Baldini & O. Ortiz, in its habitat at the type locality (Panama: Bocas del Toro, Camino RambalaPlatanarito, E de Rambala) Photo: Riccardo M. Baldini.
FIGURE 4. Eremitis robusta. A. Habit. B in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago
FIGURE 4. Eremitis robusta. A. Habit. B. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae and the inflorescence at the apex of the leafy culm. C. Decumbent culm with inflorescence. D. Detail of the leafy culm inflorescence. E. Abaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl. F. Adaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl showing the rachis prolongation. G. Detail of the caryopsis, hilum view. All based on Ferreira & Lima 2215, drawn by Carla Teixeira Lima.
FIGURE 2 in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago
FIGURE 2. Morphology of Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta. A–E. Eremitis linearifolia. A. Plant habit. B. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae. C. Inflorescence on decumbent culm. D. Subterranean culm with inflorescence. E. Detail of the inflorescence on subterranean culm. F–I. E. robusta. F. Plant habit. G. Inflorescence on leafy culm. H. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae. I. Decumbent culm with inflorescence. Photos by F. M. Ferreira.
FIGURE 3. A in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago
FIGURE 3. A. Geographic distributions of Eremitis linearifolia, E. robusta and other congeneric species. B–D. Environments in which E. linearifolia and E. robusta occur. B. Pão de Açúcar Farm, Itajuípe, Bahia state in 2009, one of two localities where E. robusta was collected by T.R. Soderstrom (no. 2182) in 1976, currently deforested. C. Almas Farm, Itacaré, Bahia state, the other locality where E. robusta occurs and was collected in 2009. D. Santa Teresa, Epirito Santo state, where E. linearifolia was collected by R.P. Oliveira (no. 853) in 2003 and F.M. Ferreira (no. 2185) in 2009, the year the photo was taken. Photos by F. M. Ferreira.
FIGURE 1. Eremitis linearifolia. A. Habit. B in Eremitis linearifolia and E. robusta (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil first collected over 30 years ago
FIGURE 1. Eremitis linearifolia. A. Habit. B. Detail of the leaf sheaths showing the fimbriae. C. Inflorescence on leafy culm. D–F. Male spikelets of the gynecandrous whorls. D. Adaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl showing the rachis prolongation. E–F. Abaxial view of the gynecandrous whorl. G. Decumbent culm with inflorescence. H. Detail of the inflorescence on subterranean culm. All based on Ferreira et al 2185, drawn by Carla Teixeira Lima.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Chlorociboria (Helotiales, Ascomycota) on herbaceous stems from China
FIGURE 2. Maximum parsimony tree inferred from combined dataset of ITS and LSU showing the phylogenetic position of Chlorociboria herbicola. Bootstrap values (>50%) of maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining are indicated at the nodes from left to right.
FIGURE 1. Chlorociboria herbicola H.D. Zheng & W.Y in A new species of Chlorociboria (Helotiales, Ascomycota) on herbaceous stems from China
FIGURE 1. Chlorociboria herbicola H.D. Zheng & W.Y. Zhuang (HMAS 273905). A: Fresh apothecia on natural substrate. B: Dry apothecium (upper surface). C: Dry apothecium (lower surface). D: Partial rehydrated apotheium (lower surface); E: Longitudinal section of apothecium. F: Structure of margin. G: Excipular structure of flank. H: Asci. I: Croziers at ascus bases. J: IKI reaction of apical rings. K & L: Ascospores. Mounting media: D water; E–I, K lactophenol cotton blue; J & L Melzer's reagent. Bars: A 2 mm; B–D 0.2 mm; E 100 μm; F & G 20 μm; H 10 μm; I–L 5 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Sansevieria (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae) is a herbaceous clade within Dracaena: inference from non-coding plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data
FIGURE 3. Bayesian maximum clade reliability trees based on combined nuclear At103 and chloroplast rps16, trnL-F datasets for Dracaena, Sansevieria, and selected outgroups. The values above the branch represent the maximum parsimony bootstrap percentage (BS), and the ones below are the Bayesian posterior probability (PP). Bold branches indicate strong support, interpreted as ≥ 70 BS and ≥ 95 PP. Long branches were shortened by half their length (indicated by \\).
FIGURE 2 in Sansevieria (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae) is a herbaceous clade within Dracaena: inference from non-coding plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data
FIGURE 2. Bayesian maximum clade credibility trees based on nuclear At103 (A) and chloroplast rps16, trnL-F (B) datasets for Dracaena and Sansevieria. Outgroups were trimmed from the Figure. The values above the branch represent the maximum parsimony bootstrap percentage (BS), and the ones below are the Bayesian posterior probability (PP). Bold branches indicate strong support, interpreted as ≥ 70 BS and ≥ 95 PP.
FIGURE 1 in Sansevieria (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae) is a herbaceous clade within Dracaena: inference from non-coding plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data
FIGURE 1. Representative morphological diversity in the dracaenoid genera, Dracaena and Sansevieria. A, Dracaena draco subsp. draco, Spain, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Icod de los Vinos; B, D. konaensis, origin: USA, Hawai'i, Big Island, Kona coast, in cultivation at Kew (Acc. No. 2008-239); C, D. arborea, Gabon, Woleu-Ntem Rd, Mitzic to Njole; D, D. laxissima, São Tomé and Príncipe, São Nicolau; E, D. goldieana, origin: Gabon, in cultivation at Kew (Acc. No. 1990-2300); F, D. aubryana, Gabon, Woleu-Ntem Rd Mitzic to Njole; G, Sansevieria frequens, Kenya, Laikipia District, Ngare Ndare Farm (type locality); H, S. aethiopica, Namibia, 74 km from Windhoek, on road to Walvis Bay; I, S. fischeri, Kenya, Munda, 18.9 km NE of Mwatate on Taveta road; J, S. pinguicula, Kenya, by Kowi airstrip, north bank of Tiva Lugga; K, S. ascendens, Kenya, Coast Province, Kwale District, around base of Taru Hill (type locality); L, S. kirkii var. pulchra, in cultivation (private collection, Miami, FL). Photographs by A, L. Mucina; B, I. Willey; C, E–F, T.H.J. Damen; D, J.J.F.E. de Wilde; G-K, L. E. Newton; L, S. Zona.
FIGURE. 2 in Eremitis pernambucensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species of herbaceous bamboo, marks the northernmost distribution of the genus in Brazil
FIGURE. 2. Locality in which Eremitis pernambucensis occurs in the municipality of São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, Brazil. B. Habit. C. Detail of the leafy culm showing the fimbriae and the glaucous abaxial surface of the leaf blade. D. Leafy culm with inflorescences. E. Decumbent culm inflorescence. F. Subterranean culm with inflorescence. G. Detail of the subterranean culm inflorescence. (Photos by F.M. Ferreira)
FIGURE. 3 in Eremitis pernambucensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species of herbaceous bamboo, marks the northernmost distribution of the genus in Brazil
FIGURE. 3. Geographical distribution of Eremitis pernambucensis and E. victoriae. (Brazilian state abbreviations: BA—Bahia; ES— Espírito Santo; PE—Pernambuco)
FIGURE. 1 in Eremitis pernambucensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species of herbaceous bamboo, marks the northernmost distribution of the genus in Brazil
FIGURE. 1. Eremitis pernambucensis sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Detail of the leafy culm showing the fimbriae. C. Leafy culm inflorescence. D. Leafy culm inflorescence with spathaceous bracts removed, showing a gynecandrous whorl above and two staminate whorls below. E–F. Gynecandrous whorl. E. Adaxial view of the staminate spikelets showing the rachis prolongation. F. Abaxial view of the staminate spikelets. G. Decumbent culm inflorescence. (Drawn from the holotype by Carla Lima)
Data from: Microsatellite evidence for obligate autogamy, but abundant genetic variation in the herbaceous monocarp Lobelia inflata (Campanulaceae)
Although high levels of self-fertilization (>85%) are not uncommon in nature, organisms reproducing entirely through selfing are extremely rare. Predominant selfers are expected to have low genetic diversity because genetic variation is distributed among rather than within lineages, and is readily lost through genetic drift. We examined genetic diversity at 22 microsatellite loci in 105 individuals from a population of the semelparous herb Lobelia inflata L., and found (1) no evidence of heterozygosity through outcrossing, yet (2) high rates of genetic polymorphism (2-4 alleles per locus). Furthermore, this genetic variation among lineages was associated with phenotypic traits (e.g. flower colour, size at first flower). Coupled with previous work characterizing the fitness consequences of reproductive timing, our results suggest that temporal genotype-by-environment interaction may maintain genetic variation and, because genetic variation occurs only among lineages, this simple system offers a unique opportunity for future tests of this mechanism.
FIGURE 1. A–C. Parianella carvalhoi. A. Habit. B in Parianella (Poaceae, Bambusoideae): morphological and biogeographical information reveals a new genus of herbaceous bamboos from Brazil
FIGURE 1. A–C. Parianella carvalhoi. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence on leafy culm. C. Detail of gynecandrous whorl. D–F. Parianella lanceolata. D. Habit. E. Inflorescence in leafy culm. F. Detail of gynecandrous whorl showing the stigmas barbate. G–J. Pariana spp. G. Habit. H. Inflorescence on leafy culm. I. Decumbent culm inflorescence. J. Detail of decumbent culm inflorescence showing the numerous stamens. K–N. Eremitis sp. nov. K. Habit. L. Inflorescence in leafy culm. M. Decumbent culm inflorescence. N. Underground culms inflorescence. (Photos A–C by Aline C. Mota; D–F by Marcos C. Dórea; G–J by Reyjane P. Oliveira; K–N by Fabrício M. Ferreira).
Associations among cotyledon developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in response to shading and burial depth in five herbaceous species at early seedling stage
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Premise of research. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Cotyledons have important functions in early seedling stage and have important effects on later stages, but we know little about the relationships among developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in cotyledons. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Methodology. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We conducted </span><span><span>a field</span></span><span> experiment with five herbaceous species, by subjecting them to contrasting light conditions and burial depths and measuring their cotyledon size and fluctuating asymmetry (random deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry, indicating developmental stability or instability), coefficient of variation and plasticity of cotyledon size,</span><span> </span><span>to investigate the relationships among</span><span> </span><span>cotyledon developmental stability, canalization and plasticity in response to shading and deep burial. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Pivotal </span><span><span>r</span></span><span>esults. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Pharbitis purpurea</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>Convolvulus arvensis</span></em><span> and </span><em><span>Carpesium</span></em><span> </span><em><span>abrotanoides</span></em><span> had increased cotyledon size in response to shading at both burial depths;</span><em><span> Abutilon theophrasti</span></em><span> showed reduced cotyledon size in response to shading vs. full light at shallow depth, but greater cotyledon size </span><span>in response to </span><span>both shading and deep burial. </span><span>Shading increased cotyledon fluctuating asymmetry of</span><em><span> </span></em><em><span>P</span></em><em><span><span>.</span></span></em><em><span> purpurea</span></em><span> and </span><em><span>C</span></em><em><span><span>.</span></span></em><span> </span><em><span>abrotanoides</span></em><span>, while deep burial decreased it. Cotyledon fluctuating asymmetry had positive correlations with coefficient of variation and plasticity in response to shade in shading, with little correlation between coefficient of variation and plasticity. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span><span>C</span></span><span>onclusions. </span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Results suggested</span><span> </span><em><span>A</span></em><em><span><span>.</span></span></em><em><span> theophrasti</span></em><span> </span><span>may have greater tolerance for multiple stresses than the other species,</span><span> and deep burial may improve shade tolerance of cotyledons through moderate level of stress selection</span><span>. Both developmental instability</span><span> and decreased canalization may indicate </span><span><span>the</span></span><span> state of faster growth. </span><span>Developmental instability</span><span> can facilitate more-active response to shading in cotyledon, while the relationship between canalization and plasticity should be more complex. </span></p>
FIGURE 3 in Pariana caxiuanensis (Parianinae, Poaceae): a new species of an enigmatic genus of herbaceous bamboos from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Pariana caxiuanensis (yellow triangles) in the Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará state, Brazil.
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