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393 results for “honey bees”
Figure 4 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 4 - Inter-race comparison of acini size (length, width, and surface area) among the HPGs of A. mellifera A summer nurse B summer forager C winter nurse D winter forager. Graph bars headed by the same letter represent non-significant differences between the groups (LSD test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 3 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 3 - Acini sizes (length, width, and surface area) of nurse and forager bees. A A. m. jemenitica B A. m. carnica C A. m. ligustica . Nurse bees (summer & winter) had significantly larger acini than forager (summer & winter) bees in the three races. Asterisks (*) in the graphs represent the significant differences between the groups (LSD test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 2 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 2 - Acini in the hypopharyngeal glands of the nurse and forager bees. A A. m. carnica nurse B A. m. carnica forager C A. m. jemenitica nurse D A. m. jemenitica forager E A. m. ligustica nurse F A. m. ligustica forager. Scale bars: 6.2 mm (A), 4.2 mm (B), 7.6 mm (C), 7.9 mm (D), 9.8 mm (E), 5.6 mm (F). (Images at 20× magnification).
Figure 1 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 1 - Microscopic measurement of acini length and width in the hypopharyngeal glands of honey bees. L length W width (Image at 20× magnification).
Figure 3A in Comparison of two morphometric methods for discriminating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Turkey
Figure 3A. Scatter plot of principle component analysis of honey bee populations from different geographic regions based on TM (Thrace = ✳; Aegean = ×; Central Anatolia/Mediterranean = ◆; Southeastern Anatolia = △; Northeastern Anatolia = □).
Fore wings of honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Tabasco, Mexico
<p>The data set consists of 2951 images of the right fore wing of <em>Apis mellifera</em> workers, representing 245 colonies and 33 locations in Tabasco, Mexico. The images have been compressed into a single file MX-wing-images.zip. The raw coordinates of 19 landmarks marked on the wings are provided in a file MX-raw-coordinates.csv. Additionally, the dataset includes geographic coordinates in a file MX-data.csv.</p>
Fore wing images of honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Algeria
<p><span>The dataset consists of 329 fore wing images of honey bee (</span><em>Apis mellifera</em><span>) workers. The wing images represent 13 colonies. The colonies originate from two location in Algeria. The wing images are compressed in DZ-2024-wing-images.zip. Raw coordinates of 19 landmarks marked on the wings are in file <span>DZ-2024</span>-raw-coordinates.csv. Additional data, including geographic coordinates and resolution, is saved in file <span>DZ-2024</span>-data.csv.</span></p>
Data from: Revisiting the Iberian honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) contact zone: maternal and genome-wide nuclear variation provide support for secondary contact from historical refugia
Dissecting diversity patterns of organisms endemic to Iberia has been truly challenging for a variety of taxa, and the Iberian honey bee is no exception. Surveys of genetic variation in the Iberian honey bee are among the most extensive for any honey bee subspecies. From these, differential and complex patterns of diversity have emerged, which have yet to be fully resolved. Here, we used a genome-wide data set of 309 neutrally tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), scattered across the 16 honey bee chromosomes, which were genotyped in 711 haploid males. These SNPs were analysed along with an intergenic locus of the mtDNA, to reveal historical patterns of population structure across the entire range of the Iberian honey bee. Overall, patterns of population structure inferred from nuclear loci by multiple clustering approaches and geographic cline analysis were consistent with two major clusters forming a well-defined cline that bisects Iberia along a northeastern–southwestern axis, a pattern that remarkably parallels that of the mtDNA. While a mechanism of primary intergradation or isolation by distance could explain the observed clinal variation, our results are more consistent with an alternative model of secondary contact between divergent populations previously isolated in glacial refugia, as proposed for a growing list of other Iberian taxa. Despite current intense honey bee management, human-mediated processes have seemingly played a minor role in shaping Iberian honey bee genetic structure. This study highlights the complexity of the Iberian honey bee patterns and reinforces the importance of Iberia as a reservoir of Apis mellifera diversity.
Data from: Two extended haplotype blocks are associated with adaptation to high altitude habitats in East African honey bees
Understanding the genetic basis of adaption is a central task in biology. Populations of the honey bee Apis mellifera that inhabit the mountain forests of East Africa differ in behavior and morphology from those inhabiting the surrounding lowland savannahs, which likely reflects adaptation to these habitats. We performed whole genome sequencing on 39 samples of highland and lowland bees from two pairs of populations to determine their evolutionary affinities and identify the genetic basis of these putative adaptations. We find that in general, levels of genetic differentiation between highland and lowland populations are very low, consistent with them being a single panmictic population. However, we identify two loci on chromosomes 7 and 9, each several hundred kilobases in length, which exhibit near fixation for different haplotypes between highland and lowland populations. The highland haplotypes at these loci are extremely rare in samples from the rest of the world. Patterns of segregation of genetic variants suggest that recombination between haplotypes at each locus is suppressed, indicating that they comprise independent structural variants. The haplotype on chromosome 7 harbors nearly all octopamine receptor genes in the honey bee genome. These have a role in learning and foraging behavior in honey bees and are strong candidates for adaptation to highland habitats. Molecular analysis of a putative breakpoint indicates that it may disrupt the coding sequence of one of these genes. Divergence between the highland and lowland haplotypes at both loci is extremely high suggesting that they are ancient balanced polymorphisms that greatly predate divergence between the extant honey bee subspecies.
Data for synergistic and antagonistic interactions between Varroa destructor mites and neonicotinoid insecticides in male Apis mellifera honey bees
<p>Pressures from multiple, sometimes interacting, stressors can have negative consequences to important ecosystem-service providing species like the western honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>). The introduced parasite <i>Varroa destructor</i> and the neonicotinoid class of insecticides each represent important, nearly ubiquitous biotic and abiotic stressors to honey bees, respectively. Previous research demonstrated that they can synergistically interact to negatively affect non-reproductive honey bee female workers, but no data exist on how concurrent exposure may affect reproductive honey bee males (drones). This is important, given that the health of reproductive females (queens), possibly because of poor mating, is frequently cited as a major driver of honey bee colony loss. To address this, known age cohorts of drones were obtained from 12 honey bee colonies – seven were exposed to field-relevant concentrations of two neonicotinoids (4.5 ppb thiamethoxam and 1.5 ppb clothianidin) during development via supplementary pollen patties; five colonies received patties not spiked with neonicotinoids. Artificially emerged drones were assessed for natural <i>V. destructor </i>infestation, weighed, and then allocated to the following treatment groups: 1. Control, 2. <i>V. destructor</i> only, 3. Neonicotinoid only, and 4. Combined (both mites and neonicotinoid). Adult drones were maintained in laboratory cages alongside attendant workers (1 drone : 2 worker ratio) until they have reached sexual maturity after 14 days so sperm concentration and viability could be assessed. The data that <i>V. destructor</i> and neonicotinoids interacted synergistically to negatively affect adult drone survival, but that they interacted antagonistically on emergence mass. Although sample sizes were too low to assess the effects of <i>V. destructor</i> and combined exposure on sperm quality, we observed no influence of neonicotinoids on sperm concentration or viability. Our findings highlight the diverse effects of concurrent exposure to stressors on honey bees, and suggest that <i>V. destructor </i>and neonicotinoids can severely effect the number of sexually mature adult drones available for mating.</p>
Figure 6 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752
Figure 6 - Dendrogram resulting from FWVA cluster analysis described in the text. Recent specimens of Apis and associated clusters are marked in the following colors: red, Apis dorsata Fabricius; yellow, Apis florea Fabricius; green, Apis mellifera Linnaeus; blue, Apis cerana Fabricius; cyan, cerana/mellifera, morphotype.
Figure 4 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752
Figure 4 - Representative Randeck Maar honey bees (Apis armbrusteri Zeuner). A SMNS 64675 (neotype) [Morphotype D] B SMNS 64674/11a [Morphotype CM]. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 5 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752
Figure 5 - Representative Randeck Maar honey bees (Apis armbrusteri Zeuner). A SMNS 64674/19 [Morphotype D] B SMNS 64674/30 [Morphotype D]. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 3 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752
Figure 3 - Photomicrographs of representative Randeck Maar honey bees (Apis armbrusteri Zeuner). A SMNS 64674/18 [Morphotype D] B SMNS 64674/49 [Morphotype D] C SMNS 64674/30 [Morphotype D] D SMNS 64674/35 [Morphotype D] E SMNS 64674/19 [Morphotype D] F SMNS 64674/36 [Morphotype CM]. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 1 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752
Figure 1 - Modern honey bee diversity (all bees are workers and to the same scale). A Apis mellifera Linnaeus B Apis koschevnikovi Enderlein C Apis nigrocincta Smith D Apis cerana Fabricius E Apis dorsata Fabricius F Apis florea Fabricius G Apis andreniformis Smith. After Engel et al. (2009).
Figure 2 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752
Figure 2 - Photomicrographs of representative Randeck Maar honey bees (Apis armbrusteri Zeuner). A SMNS 64675 (neotype) [Morphotype D] B SMNS 64674/12 [Morphotype D] C SMNS 64674/11b [Morphotype D?] D SMNS 64674/11a [Morphotype CM] E SMNS 64674/21 F SMNS 64674/28. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 5 from: Engel M, Alqarni A, Hannan M, Owayss A (2011) The indigenous honey bees of Saudi Arabia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner): Their natural history and role in beekeeping. ZooKeys 134: 83-98. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1677
Figure 5 - Distribution of Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner in the Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa.
Figures 1-4 from: Engel M, Alqarni A, Hannan M, Owayss A (2011) The indigenous honey bees of Saudi Arabia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner): Their natural history and role in beekeeping. ZooKeys 134: 83-98. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.134.1677
Figures 1-4 - Bees and beekeeping in Saudi Arabia. 1 A historical apiary with traditional hives of Saudi Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner maintained over 500 years by the same family in Taif (there are many such apiaries in the area, with beekeepers maintaining these as a family tradition over numerous generations; honey from such apiaries is much costlier than those managed in Langstroth hives) 2 Entrance to a hive of Apis mellifera jemenitica in Taif 3 A traditional log hive of Apis mellifera jemenitica in Taif 4 Photograph showing size and other morphological differences between Apis mellifera jemenitica and Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann.
Data from: Spermidine dietary supplementation and polyamines level in reference to survival and lifespan of honey bees
<p>File containing raw data about publication.</p>
Area wide monitoring of plant and honey bee (Apis mellifera) viruses in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) agroecosystems facilitated by honey bee pollination
<p>Metadata associated with plant and bee virus identification on blueberry farms</p>
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