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FIG. 8 in Integrative taxonomy within the Hylomyscus denniae complex (Rodentia: Muridae) and a new species from Kenya

FIG. 8.—Extended Bayesian skyline plot depicting changes in effective population size (Ne) over time before present based on mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome-b [Cytb]) and nuclear DNA intron (ABHD11-5, ACOX2, ACPT-4, GAD2-1, and JMJD) sequence data. The black center line indicates the median population size and the bounding gray lines indicate the 95% highest posterior density (HPD). Both taxa show recent population expansion, although expansion in Hylomyscus kerbispeterhansi commenced later than in H. endorobae. The present Ne of H. endorobae is inferred to be ~5 times larger than that of H. kerbispeterhansi.

FIG. 1 in Integrative taxonomy within the Hylomyscus denniae complex (Rodentia: Muridae) and a new species from Kenya

FIG. 1.—Map of the collecting localities for the specimens of Hylomyscus included in this study. Elevation indicated by gray shading as defined on map. See Appendix I for additional specimens examined for morphometric and molecular analyses.

FIG. 5 in Integrative taxonomy within the Hylomyscus denniae complex (Rodentia: Muridae) and a new species from Kenya

FIG. 5.—Scatter plot of canonical variates (CV) axes 1 and 2 depicting results of discriminant function analysis performed on 14 logtransformed craniodental measurements. Projection of individual specimen scores from 163 specimens assigned to 4 taxa is depicted according to the key in the plot. The 95% confidence limits for taxa are depicted by ellipses.

FIG. 7 in Integrative taxonomy within the Hylomyscus denniae complex (Rodentia: Muridae) and a new species from Kenya

FIG. 7.—Species tree inferred in *BEAST using multilocus sequence data for 7 species of Hylomyscus from the H. alleni, H. anselli, and H. denniae species groups (Carleton et al. 2006). Numbers above branches represent Bayesian posterior probability values and filled circles on nodes indicate speciation probabilities ± 0.99 for Bayesian species delimitation analysis in Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP).

FIG. 4 in Integrative taxonomy within the Hylomyscus denniae complex (Rodentia: Muridae) and a new species from Kenya

FIG. 4.—Scatter plot of principal component analysis (PCA) performed on 14 log-transformed craniodental measurements. The filled squares represent specimens of Hylomyscus anselli from the Mbizi Mts., Tanzania; the unfilled circles represent specimens of H. kerbispeterhansi from western Kenya; and the 3 asterisks (*) represent specimens from Bishop's (1979) type series of Praomys (Hylomyscus) denniae anselli from Zambia.

Figure 5 in REVIEW The use of integrative taxonomy in Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): a literature survey

Figure 5. Percentage of all taxonomic publications on octocorals using an integrative approach per year (2000–2020).

Figure 2 in REVIEW The use of integrative taxonomy in Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): a literature survey

Figure 2. Cumulative number of octocoral species, genus and family descriptions per year (1755–2020): A, species and genera; B, families. Note different axis scales for species (primary y-axis in A), genera (secondary y-axis in A) and families (B).

Figure 4 in REVIEW The use of integrative taxonomy in Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): a literature survey

Figure 4. Number of new octocoral species descriptions per year (2000–2020) that used either an integrative approach or morphological data only.

Figure 6 in REVIEW The use of integrative taxonomy in Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): a literature survey

Figure 6. Total author pool and number of taxonomic publications on octocorals per year (2000–2020).

FIGURE 34 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 34 Photos of localities. A) the habitat of M. flavitibius, Arailer (Armenia), rich mesophilous mountain grasslands, 2100 m asl., B) the joint habitat of M. brevis and M. flavitibius, Boghaqar (Armenia), edges of deciduous mountain forest with shrubs and grasslands, 1340–1400 m asl, C) The habitat of M. brevis, Tsghuk (Armenia). Subalpine meadows, ruderal vegetation (herbaceous legumes, Carduus) on roadsides. 2100 m asl, D) the habitat of M. aberrans, Vršac Mountains, 300 m asl., Serbia. PHOTO BY GRIGORY POPOV (A-C) AND TAMARA TOT (D).

FIGURE 33 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 33 Maximum Likelihood tree based on the General Time Reversible model constructed by MEGA version 7.0. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites (5 categories (+G, parameter = 1.9228)). The rate variation model allowed for some sites to be evolutionarily invariable ([+I], 63.3530 % sites). Bootstrap support values (≥50) are shown near nodes.

FIGURE 32 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 32 Holotype of Merodon brevis, male. A) metafemur and metatibia of the left leg, lateral view, B) male genitalia, lateral view, C) metafemur and metatibia of the right leg, lateral view, D) male genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 30 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 30 Body parts of Merodon brevis. A) metaleg of male, lateral view, B) metaleg of female, lateral view, C) thorax of male, lateral view.

FIGURE 29 A in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 29 A) Merodon brevis, head of male, lateral view, B) M. brevis, head of female, lateral view, C) M. aberrans, antenna of male, lateral view, D) M. brevis, antenna of male, lateral view, E) M. retectus sp. nov., antenna of male, lateral view, F) M. aberrans, antenna of female, lateral view, G) M. brevis, antenna of female, lateral view, H) M. retectus sp. nov., antenna of female, lateral view. Abbreviations: x, distance from top of basoflagellomere and most prominent point of pedicel; y, width of basoflagellomere at level of base of arista.

FIGURE 26 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 26 Male genitalia of Merodon retectus sp. nov. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) epandrium, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: al, anterior surstyle lobe; c, cercus; il, interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe; l, lingula; pl, posterior surstyle lobe.

FIGURE 31 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 31 Male genitalia of Merodon brevis. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) epandrium, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: al, anterior surstyle lobe; c, cercus; il, interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe; l, lingula; pl, posterior surstyle lobe.

FIGURE 24 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 24 Body parts of Merodon retectus sp. nov., male. A) abdomen, dorsal view, B) abdomen, lateral view, C) thorax, lateral view.

FIGURE 28 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 28 Body of Merodon brevis. A) male, lateral view, B) abdomen of male, dorsal view, C) female, lateral view, D) female, dorsal view.

FIGURE 23 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 23 Metaleg of Merodon retectus sp. nov. A) male, lateral view, B) female, lateral view, C) metatibia and metatarsus of male, dorsal view. Dorsolateral stripe of long pile on metafemur marked with arrow.

FIGURE 22 in Integrative taxonomy of the Merodon aberrans (Diptera, Syrphidae) species group: distribution patterns and description of three new species

FIGURE 22 Male genitalia of Merodon petiolatus sp. nov. A) epandrium, lateral view, B) epandrium, ventral view, C) hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: al, anterior surstyle lobe; c, cercus; il, interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe; l, lingula; pl, posterior surstyle lobe.