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FIGURE 8 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 8. Caudal fin of living males: Hypsolebias gongobira new species (A), H. antenori (B) e H. bonita new species (C).
FIGURE 7 in Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 7. Type-locality of Hypsolebias bonita new species, Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Baraúna, seasonal pool in the Furna Feia National Park.
FIGURE 1 in Range extension of the Honduran endemic killifish Tlaloc portillorum (Matamoros & Schaefer 2010) (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae): new records from the upper reaches of the Patuca and Choluteca Rivers
FIGURE 1. (A) Map of Honduras showing localities where Tlaloc portillorum has been collected. Dashed lines depict major river basin borders (basin names in blue font with white background). Major city names in uppercase and bold font. (B) Photograph of live specimen of T. portillorum (5.5 cm standard length) from the Guacerique River (longitude= -87.109, latitude= 14.033), a tributary of the Choluteca River basin. (C) Habitat of T. portillorum. From the Guacerique River, tributary of the Choluteca River basin (longitude -87.111, latitude 14.032).
FIGURE 3 in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951
FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of Profundulidae based on comparative COI sequence data, highlighting (in red) the phylogenetic position of samples from the newly discovered populations of P. chimalapensis (Sabinal, Suchiapa, and Ostuta rivers), as well as from the putative hybrids between P. chimalapensis and Tlaloc. For these samples, terminal labels consist of the species name followed by the voucher specimen in parentheses. For the remaining samples (in black), terminal labels consist of the species name followed by the GenBank accession number of the corresponding COI sequence. Outgroup (Fundulus heteroclitus) not shown. Nodal support as bootstrap values (B).
FIGURE 2 in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951
FIGURE 2. Photographs of the three collecting sites/areas representing the new records of P. chimalapensis that prompted the range extension reported here: A) Río Sabinal near the resurgence of the Paso Burro cave (featuring JA and SGH while electrofishing), B) Río Ostuta, and C) Río Suchiapa near the resurgence of the Chorro Grande cave.
FIGURE 1 in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951
FIGURE 1. Map of the study area showcasing the geographic distribution of P. chimalapensis based on records from the species description (Del Moral-Flores et al., 2020), a subsequent taxonomic synthesis of the family Profundulidae (DomínguezCisneros et al., 2023), and the new records herein reported.
FIGURE 4. Photographs from a in Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951
FIGURE 4. Photographs from a selection of preserved specimens representing the newly discovered populations of P. chimalapensis from: Río Sabinal [CNPE-IBUNAM 24365] (A), including putative P. chimalapensis × Tlaloc hybrids (B), a stream draining from the Chorro Grande cave into the Río Suchiapa [CNPE-IBUNAM 24366] (C), and Río Ostuta [CNPEIBUNAM 24367] (D). Scale bar = 1 cm.
Coordinated evolution of brain size, structure and eye size in Trinidadian killifish
<p>Brain size, brain architecture, and eye size vary extensively in vertebrates. However, the extent to which the evolution of these components is intricately connected remains unclear. Trinidadian killifish, <em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>, are found in sites that differ in the presence and absence of large predatory fish. Decreased rates of predation are associated with evolutionary shifts in brain size; males from sites without predators have evolved a relatively larger brain and eye size than males from sites with predators. Here, we evaluated the extent to which the evolution of brain size, brain structure, and eye size covary in male killifish. We utilized wild-caught and common garden reared specimens to determine if specific components of the brain have evolved in response to differences in predation and to determine if there is covariation between the evolution of brain size, brain structure, and eye size. We observed consistent shifts in brain architecture in second generation common garden reared, but not wild caught preserved fish. Male killifish from sites that lack predators exhibited a significantly larger telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum, and dorsal medulla when compared with fish from sites with predators. We also found positive connections between the evolution of brain structure and eye size but not between overall brain size and eye size. These results provide evidence for evolutionary covariation between the components of the brain and eye size. Such results suggest that selection, directly or indirectly, acts upon specific regions of the brain, rather than overall brain size, to enhance visual capabilities.</p>
Investigating the utility of Anchored Hybrid Enrichment data to resolve the relationships among the Killifishes (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes), a globally distributed group of fishes
<p>The Killifishes (Blenniiformes: Cyprinodontoidea) are a diverse and well-known group of fishes that contains sixteen families inclusive of Anablepidae, Aphaniidae Aplocheilidae, Cubanichthyidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fluviphylacidae, Fundulidae, Goodeidae, Nothobranchiidae, Orestiidae, Pantanodontidae, Poeciliidae, Procatopodidae, Profundulidae, Rivulidae, and Valenciidae and more than 1,200 species that are globally distributed in tropical and temperate, freshwater and estuarine habitats. The evolutionary relationships among the families within the group, based on different molecular and morphological data sets, have remained uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use a targeted approach, anchored hybrid enrichment, to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the families within the Superfamily Cyprinodontoidea (formerly the Cyprindontiformes). This study included more than 100 individuals, representing all sixteen families within Cyprinodontoidea, including many recently diagnosed families. We recovered an average of 244 loci per individual. These data were submitted to phylogenetic analyses (RaxML and ASTRAL) and although we recovered many of the same relationships as in previous studies of the group, several novel sets of relationships for other families also were recovered. In addition, two well-established clades were recovered as monophyletic and are in agreement with most previous studies. We also assessed the degree of gene tree discordance in our dataset to evaluate support for alternative topological hypotheses for interfamilial relationships within the Cyprinodontoidea using a variety of different analyses. The results from this study will provide a robust, historical framework needed to investigate a plethora of biogeographic, taxonomic, ecological, and physiological questions for this group of fishes.</p>
Annual killifish embryo ecology
<p>Embryo-environment interactions are of paramount importance during the development of all organisms, and impacts during this period can echo far into later stages of ontogeny. African annual fish of the genus <i>Nothobranchius</i> live in temporary pools and their eggs survive the dry season in the dry bottom substrate of the pools by entering a facultative developmental arrest termed diapause. Uniquely among animals, the embryos (encased in eggs) may enter diapause at three different developmental stages. Such a system allows for the potential to employ different regulation mechanisms for each diapause. We sampled multiple <i>Nothobranchius</i> embryo banks across the progressing season, species and populations. We present important baseline field data and examine the role of environmental regulation in the embryonic development of this unique system. We describe the course of embryo development in the wild and find it to be very different from the typical development under laboratory conditions. Development across the embryo banks was synchronized within and across the sampled populations with all embryos entering diapause I during the rainy season, and diapause II during the dry season. Asynchrony occurred at transient phases of the habitat, during the process of habitat desiccation and at the end of the dry season. Our findings reveal the significance of considering wild environmental conditions in understanding the importance of the serial character of the annual fish diapauses.</p>
Figure 7. Phylogenetic relationships among 19 in Comparative morphology, phylogeny, and classification of West African callopanchacine killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Figure 7. Phylogenetic relationships among 19 taxa of the Callopanchacini and 11 out-group taxa: left, strict consensus tree of the 24 most-parsimonious trees from the analysis of molecular data (3296 bp), comprising segments of the mitochondrial genes 16S and ND2, and the nuclear gene 28S; right, strict consensus tree of the two most-parsimonious trees from the combined analysis of the same molecular data set and 63 morphological characters. Numbers above the node are bootstrap percentages higher than 50%, below are posterior probabilities of the Bayesian analysis higher than 0.95.
Figure 6 in Comparative morphology, phylogeny, and classification of West African callopanchacine killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Figure 6. Strict consensus tree of the two most-parsimonious trees from the analysis of 63 morphological characters for 21 aplocheiloid killifish taxa. Numbers above the node are bootstrap percentages higher than 50%.
Figure 5 in Comparative morphology, phylogeny, and classification of West African callopanchacine killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Figure 5. Vertebrae and caudal skeleton (all in left lateral view except A, in laterodorsal view): first vertebrae of Nimbapanchax leucopterygius (A) and Callopanchax monroviae (B); epipleural rib of second precaudal vertebra of N. leucopterygius (C); fourth caudal vertebra of C. monroviae (D) and N. leucopterygius (E); caudal skeleton of Scriptaphyosemion guignardi (F) and Callopanchax occidentalis (G). Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 3 in Comparative morphology, phylogeny, and classification of West African callopanchacine killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Figure 3. Hyoid and branchial arches: ventral portion in dorsal view and dorsal portion in ventral view, of Archiaphyosemion guineense (A) and Callopanchax monroviae (B); urohyal, left lateral view, of A. guineense (C), and C. monroviae (D). Numbers in brackets are character states numbered according to Appendix S2. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Comparative morphology, phylogeny, and classification of West African callopanchacine killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Figure 2. Jaws, jaw suspensorium, and opercular series, left lateral view, of Archiaphyosemion guineense (A), and Callopanchax monroviae (B). Numbers in brackets are character states numbered according to Appendix S2. Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Comparative morphology, phylogeny, and classification of West African callopanchacine killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Figure 1. Cephalic laterosensory system of Nimbapanchax leucopterygius: A, left side, dorsal view; B, left side, ventral view; and C, left lateral view. Numbers in brackets are character states numbered according to Appendix S2. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Comparative morphology, phylogeny, and classification of West African callopanchacine killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae)
Figure 4. Neurocranium: ventral middle and left portion, ventral view, of Nimbapanchax leucopterygius (A) and Callopanchax monroviae (B); lateroposterior portion, dorsal view, of Nimbapanchax leucopterygius (C) and Callopanchax monroviae (D). Larger stippling indicates cartilage. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Data from: Ancestral ecological regime shapes reaction to food limitation in the Least Killifish, Heterandria formosa
<p>Populations with different densities often show genetically-based differences in life histories. The divergent life histories could be driven by several agents of selection, one of which is variation in per-capita food levels. Its relationship with population density is complex, as it depends on overall food availability, individual metabolic demand, and food-independent factors potentially affecting density, such as predation intensity. Here we present a case study of two populations of a small live-bearing freshwater fish, one characterised by high density, low predation risk, low overall food availability, and presumably low per-capita food levels, and the other by low density, high predation risk, high overall food availability, and presumably high per-capita food levels. Using a laboratory experiment we examined whether fish from these populations respond differently to food limitation, and whether size at birth, a key trait with respect to density variation in this species, is associated with any such differential responses. While at the lower food level growth was slower, body size smaller, maturation delayed and survival reduced in both populations, these fitness costs were smaller in fish from the high-density population. At low food, only 15% of high-density fish died, compared to 75% of low-density fish. This difference was much smaller at high food (0% vs. 15% mortality). The increased survival of high-density fish may, at least partly, be due to their larger size at birth. Moreover, being larger at birth enabled fish to mature relatively early even at the lower food level. We demonstrate that sensitivities to food limitation differ between study populations, consistent with selection for a greater ability to tolerate low per-capita food availability in the high-density population. While we cannot preclude other agents of selection from operating in these populations simultaneously, our results suggest that variation in per-capita food levels is one of those agents.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Nothobranchius balamaensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from northern Mozambique
FIGURE 3. Nothobranchius balamaensis, male, holotype, 29.8 SL (SAIAB 190261) showing live colouration.
FIGURE 4 in Nothobranchius balamaensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from northern Mozambique
FIGURE 4. Diagrammatic representation of the latero-sensory system and frontal squamation on the dorsal surface of the head in Nothobranchius balamaensis. Abbreviations: asss: anterior section of the anterior supraorbital series; an, anterior naris; pn, posterior naris; psss: posterior section of the anterior supraorbital series; poss: posterior supraorbital series; prn: posterior rostral neuromast.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.