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518 results for “life history traits”
Host life-history traits influence the distribution of prophages and the genes they carry
<p>Bacterial strains with a short minimal doubling time – "fast-growing" hosts – are more likely to contain prophages than their slow-growing counterparts. Pathogenic bacterial species are likewise more likely to carry prophages. We develop a bioinformatics pipeline to examine the distribution of prophages in fast- and slow-growing lysogens, and pathogenic and non-pathogenic lysogens, analysing both prophage length and gene content for each class. By fitting these results to a mathematical model of the evolutionary forces acting on prophages, we predict whether the observed differences can be attributed to different rates of lysogeny among the host classes, or other evolutionary pressures. We also test for significant differences in gene content among prophages, identifying genes that are preferentially lost or maintained in each class. We find that fast-growing hosts and pathogens have a greater fraction of full-length prophages, and our analysis predicts that prophages confer a greater benefit, on average, to hosts in these two classes. Rates of lysogeny, however, are predicted to be higher in fast-growing hosts but lower in pathogens.</p>
Raw data for sexually selected traits and life history traits of major and minor males in the horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus
<p>1. Expression of weapons and weapon sizes are remarkably affected by environmental factors in armed insects, resulting in remarkable morphological difference in larger and smaller males i.e., male dimorphism</p> <p>2. The phenotypic plasticity is one example of alternative mating phenotypes. Selection on the alternative phenotype generates different suites of multiple traits between larger and smaller males such as morphology, behaviors and life history. The different subsets of traits can contribute to reproductive success of larger and smaller males, respectively.</p> <p>3. In order to understand how alternative phenotypes evolve, studies that couple differences in life history and reproductive traits between larger and smaller males are required. Here we investigated differences in morphology, behaviors, and life history in <i>Gnatocerus cornutus</i>.</p> <p>4. Larger males have relatively larger mandibles and the advantage in male fighting to access females. Also, the developmental period was significantly shorter in the larger males than in the smaller males.</p> <p>5. Smaller males with rudimentary weapons have higher locomotion ability. This suggests higher performance in the dispersal to new territories. Larger and smaller males showed different suites of multiple traits, and the combinations of multiple traits are probably related to expression of weapons.</p>
Figure 1 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 1. Map of South America and location of the Lagoa do Peixe National Park (LPNP) and study sites sampled in southern Brazil in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 4 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 4. Sex ratio for Austrolebias minuano (A) and Cynopoecilus fulgens (B) sampling in temporary ponds of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil, in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 5 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 5. Length–weight relationship for Austrolebias minuano (A) and Cynopoecilus fulgens (B) sampled in temporary ponds of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil, in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 6 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 6. Condition factor (K) ± SE of Austrolebias minuano (A) and Cynopoecilus fulgens (B) sampled in temporary ponds of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil, in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 2 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 2. Mean abundances ± SE of Austrolebias minuano (A) and Cynopoecilus fulgens (B) sampled in temporary ponds of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil, in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 3 in Abundance variations and life history traits of two sympatric species of Neotropical annual fish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in temporary ponds of southern Brazil
Figure 3. Mean standard length (LS) ± SE of Austrolebias minuano (A) and Cynopoecilus fulgens (B) sampled in temporary ponds of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil, in 2008 and 2009.
Figure A1 in Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida)
Figure A1. Daily growth rate (linear extension) of Cliona tenuis during the three observational periods described in this manuscript and under constant competition with Lobophora variegata, Dictyota pulchella, coral, and short and long turf algae (more details of the methodology are explained in the methods section of this manuscript and in González-Rivero et al. 2012). Error bars depict standard error.
Figure 8 in Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida)
Figure 8. Size structure of Cliona tenuis populations at: (A) Long Caye Wall and (B) Middle Caye Wall.
Figure 7 in Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida)
Figure 7. Temporal variation in recruitment (individuals.plot−1) among periods of evaluation and between study sites. Vertical bars depict standard error.
Figure 5 in Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida)
Figure 5. Linear growth of Cliona tenuis measured during the studied period. The timeline is represented as ordinal dates in days of the year. Data points out of the 5th and 95th confidence intervals (bars) are represented by dots, and box indicates the interquartile range. The solid line inside the box represents the median, whereas the dotted line represents the mean.
Figure 3 in Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida)
Figure 3. Female reproductive elements in Cliona tenuis. (A) Immature oocyte in April 2009; (B) sparse distribution of immature oocytes in the tissue; (C) mature oocyte showing a distinctive nucleolus and nucleus, and the absence of nurse cells; (D) oocyte distribution and abundance in February 2009.
Figure 1 in Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida)
Figure 1. Temporal variation of attributes describing the reproductive cycle in Cliona tenuis. (A) Proportion of reproductive sponges (bars) and the total number of individuals sampled (circles); (B) mean propagule size over time; the circles show the number of propagules measured; (C) density of propagules over time. Error bars depict standard error.
Figure 9 in Life-history traits of a common Caribbean coral-excavating sponge, Cliona tenuis (Porifera: Hadromerida)
Figure 9. Seasonal change in sea surface temperature (SST) at the study site over time (ordinal date in days of the year): average temperature over 24 years (grey band) and during the 2009 study year (filled dots). Source: AVHRR pathfinder, NOAA.
Data from: Coalescence times, life history traits and conservation concerns: an example from four coastal shark species from the Indo-Pacific
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Dispersal abilities play a crucial role in shaping the extent of population genetic structure, with more mobile species being panmictic over large geographic ranges and less mobile ones organized in meta-populations exchanging migrants to different degrees. In turn, population structure directly influences the coalescence pattern of the sampled lineages, but the consequences on the estimated variation of the effective population size<i> </i>(<i>Ne</i>) over time obtained by means of <i>unstructured</i>demographic models remain poorly understood. However, this knowledge is crucial for biologically interpreting the observed <i>Ne </i>trajectory and further devising conservation strategies in endangered species. Here we investigated the demographic history of four shark species (<i>Carharhinus melanopterus</i>, <i>Carharhinus limbatus</i>, <i>Carharhinus amblyrhynchos</i>, <i>Galeocerdo cuvier</i>) with different degrees of endangered status and life history traits related to dispersal distributed in the Indo-Pacific and sampled off New Caledonia. We compared several evolutionary scenarios representing both <i>structured</i> (meta-population) and<i> unstructured</i> models and then inferred the <i>Ne</i> variation through time. By performing extensive coalescent simulations, we provided a general framework relating the underlying population structure and the observed <i>Ne</i> dynamics. On this basis, we concluded that the recent decline observed in three out of the four considered species when assuming <i>unstructured</i> demographic models can be explained by the presence of population structure. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the limits of the inferences based on the sole site frequency spectrum and warn that statistics based on linkage disequilibrium will be needed to exclude recent demographic events affecting meta-populations.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 1 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits
Figure 1. Graphical experimental scheme of the desiccation assay. In total, 29 or 30 tardigrades were dropped onto the filter paper and placed in the sealed desiccation chamber. The humidity in the chamber was controlled by the presence of saturated salt solution or water, which had no contact with the animals.
Figure 3 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits
Figure 3. Sensitivity of the Im1 strain to desiccation. Survival rates after exposure to various humidity conditions for 1 or 2 days. Mean ƚ SD (N = 4; 30 tardigrades each).
Figure 4 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits
Figure 4. Life history traits of Im1 strain. A, longevity of Im1 strain. B, hatching time after oviposition.
Figure 5 in Establishment of an isogenic strain of the desiccationsensitive tardigrade Isohypsibius myrops (Parachela, Eutardigrada) and its life history traits
Figure 5. Simulation of population change started with a single newly hatched juvenile of Im1 strain. Theoretical change in the population was simulated based on mean values of life history traits, such as hatching time = 3.6 days; first oviposition = 10.3 days; interval of ovipositions = 2.5 days; lifespan = 18.8 days; number of eggs per clutch = 19; hatchability = 83%.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.