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455 results for “mushroom”
Data from: Using an insect mushroom body circuit to encode route memory in complex natural environments
Ants, like many other animals, use visual memory to follow extended routes through complex environments, but it is unknown how their small brains implement this capability. The mushroom body neuropils have been identified as a crucial memory circuit in the insect brain, but their function has mostly been explored for simple olfactory association tasks. We show that a spiking neural model of this circuit originally developed to describe fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster) olfactory association, can also account for the ability of desert ants (Cataglyphis velox) to rapidly learn visual routes through complex natural environments. We further demonstrate that abstracting the key computational principles of this circuit, which include one-shot learning of sparse codes, enables the theoretical storage capacity of the ant mushroom body to be estimated at hundreds of independent images.
FIGURE 17 Periclimenes incertus Borradaile, 1915 in Shrimps of the genus Periclimenes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) associated with mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae): linking DNA barcodes to morphology
FIGURE 17 Periclimenes incertus Borradaile, 1915, ovigerous female, RMNH.CRUS.D.53946. A, left third pereiopod; B, idem dactylus. Scale bar: A = 1 mm; B = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Shrimps of the genus Periclimenes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) associated with mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae): linking DNA barcodes to morphology
FIGURE 13 Periclimenes subcorallum sp. nov., ovigerous female paratype (pocl. 1.45 mm), RMNH.CRUS.D.57575. A, left third pereiopod; B, idem, dactylus; C, left fourth pereiopod; D, idem, dactylus; E, left fifth pereiopod; F, idem, dactylus. Scale bar: A, C, E = 1 mm; B, D, F = 0.07 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Shrimps of the genus Periclimenes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) associated with mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae): linking DNA barcodes to morphology
FIGURE 1 Maximum-likelihood tree using the GTR+G substitution model based on COI sequence data of shrimp on mushroom coral species; GenBank accession numbers and host species indicated at end of branches; bootstrap values <50% are not shown; bootstrap values are shown in the order ML/MP.
FIGURE 10 in Shrimps of the genus Periclimenes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) associated with mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae): linking DNA barcodes to morphology
FIGURE 10 Periclimenes subcorallum sp. nov., ovigerous female paratype (pocl. 1.45 mm), RMNH.CRUS.D.57575. A, rostrum and anterior appendages, dorsal view; B, idem, lateral view; C, left mandible; D, left maxil- lula; E, left maxilla; F, left first maxilliped; G, fourth thoracic sternites Downloadedandfrom proximal Brill.com segments 12/12/of 2023first03:02:30PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms pereiopods. Scale bar: A, B = 1 mm; C–F = 0.2 mmof; G the= 0.4 mm prevailing. CC-BY license at the time of publication. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 7 A–B in Shrimps of the genus Periclimenes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) associated with mushroom corals (Scleractinia, Fungiidae): linking DNA barcodes to morphology
FIGURE 7 A–B, Periclimenes watamuae Bruce, 1976a, ovigerous female; C–D, Periclimenes incertus Borradaile, 1915. A, stn LEM.26, on Lobactis scutaria; B, stn TER.16, on Polyphyllia talpina; C–D, stn SEM.48, on sponge: C, ovigerous female; D, male.
Data from: Psychedelic mushrooms in the USA: knowledge, patterns of use, and association with health outcomes
<p>This was a cross-sectional nationwide survey of adults in the US in 2021. The survey targeted a representative sample of US adults. The rate of psychedelic us, comorbid conditions, mental and physical health, and factors predictive of psychedlic use were assessed.</p>
Data from: Do endemic mushrooms on oceanic islands and archipelagos support the theory of island biogeography?
<p class="MsoNormal">Terrestrial plant species on islands have a long history of study to determine how they evolved and what explains their levels of endemicity, but studies on fungi are lacking. Here, we examine: 1) how percent endemism of non-lichenized class Agaricomycetes; hereafter, "mushrooms" compares to angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes, and lichens from oceanic islands/archipelagos; 2) whether endemic mushrooms evolved from an ancestor diversifying into multiple species after island colonization (cladogenesis) or over time evolved into a single endemic species unique from its ancestral mainland counterpart (anagenesis); and 3) if mushroom percent endemism and cladogenesis are correlated to geographic variables that help explain these phenomena in other <span>species </span>groups.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Checklists of mushrooms and other species groups from seven oceanic islands/archipelagos were compared. Having multiple endemic congeners from a single island/archipelago was used to infer cladogenesis versus anagenesis in endemic mushrooms. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between an island/archipelago's percent endemism and percent cladogenesis, and their distance to the nearest mainland, area, maximum elevation, and latitude from the equator.</p> <p>These data contain information on mushrooms, angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes, and lichens from the Hawaiian Islands, Galápagos, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Cabo Verde, and Christmas Island.</p>
Text-fig. 4. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse (a) and longitudinal (b) sections of flower showing the ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) borne on the mushroom-shaped central globose placenta (pl, blue); placenta shown as a voltex rendering added to orthoslices; note the large openings in the floral tissue (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c, d: Longitudinal (c) and transverse (d) sections of flower (c, volume rendering cut between orthoslice yz0970-1005; d, volume rendering cut between orthoslice xy0780-0820) showing semiinferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with sepals inserted at the rim of the hypanthium, central column (cc) with mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 4. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse (a) and longitudinal (b) sections of flower showing the ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) borne on the mushroom-shaped central globose placenta (pl, blue); placenta shown as a voltex rendering added to orthoslices; note the large openings in the floral tissue (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c, d: Longitudinal (c) and transverse (d) sections of flower (c, volume rendering cut between orthoslice yz0970-1005; d, volume rendering cut between orthoslice xy0780-0820) showing semiinferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with sepals inserted at the rim of the hypanthium, central column (cc) with mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d).
Figure 7 in Mushroom art in South Africa and Zimbabwe - Emil Holub: 1847-1902
Figure 7 (Holub no. 52) shows the meticulous detail of what we believe to be the non-mycorrhizal Amanita pleropus (Kalchbr. & MacOwan) D.A.Reid. It is labelled 'found in the Molapo Valley. Circumference of the cap 16'' 6'''. Cross-section through the cap 5'' 2'''. Length of the '…rundes' 6'' 4''' ". The last sentence cannot be deciphered, but the size of the feature (6''') may refer either to the ring on the stipe or to the basal structure. The latter is very interesting and must have been remarkable enough for Holub to make a point of illustrating it. First impression suggests a small volva or volval remains typical of an Amanita, but mycelia tufts may
Figure 5 in Mushroom art in South Africa and Zimbabwe - Emil Holub: 1847-1902
Figure 5 shows another Agaricus. Holub no. 44 has a rather obscure caption written in a different language, possibly Czech or Slovak – 'page 25 in diary.' We assume that this refers to one of Holub's personal diaries, which we have not seen. The half-fraction shown alongside appears to refer to this same specimen, suggesting that it is a very large species.
Figure 1 in Mushroom art in South Africa and Zimbabwe - Emil Holub: 1847-1902
Figure 1. Holub's map showing three main areas from where fungi were illustrated. (Map scanned from Vol.1 of Holub 1881).
Figure 8 in Mushroom art in South Africa and Zimbabwe - Emil Holub: 1847-1902
Figure 8. Holub no. 433: Parasola plicatilis; no. 434: Russula? Clitocybe?; numbers 435 and 436: Leucoagaricus; no. 437: Lentinus/Panus; no. 438: Laccaria?
FIGURE 12 in Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions
FIGURE 12. Pnyxia scabiei (Hopkins, 1895). A. Head and thorax (male). B. Head and thorax (female).
FIGURE 7 in Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions
FIGURE 7. Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912). A. Male (morphotype I). B. Female (morphotype I).
Figure 3 from: Weiner WM, Xie Z, Li Y, Sun X (2019) Ceratophysella species from mushrooms in China (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). ZooKeys 822: 67-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.30880
Figure 3 Ceratophysellaskarzynskii sp. n. A tibiotarsus and claw III B dens and mucro C abd. V and VI D set of dens chaetae. Scale bars: 0.01 mm.
Figure 2 from: Weiner WM, Xie Z, Li Y, Sun X (2019) Ceratophysella species from mushrooms in China (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). ZooKeys 822: 67-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.30880
Figure 2 Ceratophysellaskarzynskii sp. n. A ant. III and IV dorsal B ant. III and IV dorsal CPAO and eyes D macro-, microchaetae and s-chaeta. Scale bars: 0.01 mm.
Figure 1 from: Weiner WM, Xie Z, Li Y, Sun X (2019) Ceratophysella species from mushrooms in China (Collembola, Hypogastruridae). ZooKeys 822: 67-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.822.30880
Figure 1 Ceratophysellaskarzynskii sp. n. A Chaetotaxy of head and Th. I–III B Chaetotaxy of Abd. I–VI. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Lactarius vividus sp. nov. (Russulaceae, Russulales), a widely distributed edible mushroom in central and southern China
FIGURE 1. Localities of specimens of Lactarius vividus collected in China.
Linked collectors and determiners for: mushrooms-nhmj-ij-2019-01-15.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "mushrooms-nhmj-ij-2019-01-15". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/a0364481-b35c-4e5d-85c2-65f757f7ec40">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a0364481-b35c-4e5d-85c2-65f757f7ec40</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a0364481-b35c-4e5d-85c2-65f757f7ec40">https://gbif.org/dataset/a0364481-b35c-4e5d-85c2-65f757f7ec40</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
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