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On following pages: 669. Andean Swamp Rat (Neotomys ebriosus); 670. Salta Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys fossor); 671. Biting Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys mordax); 672. Peterson's Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys petersoni); 673. Patagonian Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys chinchilloides); 674. Chilean Climbing Mouse (Irenomys tarsalis); 675. Cerrado Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys cerradensis); 676. Common Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorinos); 677. Rio de Janeiro Arboreal Rat (Phaenomys ferrugineus); 678. Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Wilfredomys oenax); 679. Andean Long-clawed Mouse (Paynomys macronyx); 680. Chilean Long-clawed Mouse (Chelemys megalonyx); 681. Edwards's Long-clawed Mouse (Notiomys edwardsii); 682. Valdivian Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus valdivianus), 683. Large Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus annectens); 684. Guafo Island Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus latkenche); 685. Michaelsen's Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus michaelseni); 686. Long-haired Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix longipilis); 687. Hairy Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix hirta); 688. Mann's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix mann); 689. Sanborn's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix sanborni); 690. Woolly Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix lanosa); 691. Ornate Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix jelskii); 692. Gray Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix illutea); 693. Andean Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix andina); 694. Olive Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix olivacea): 695. Yellow-nosed Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix xanthorhina). in Cricetidae

On following pages: 669. Andean Swamp Rat (Neotomys ebriosus); 670. Salta Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys fossor); 671. Biting Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys mordax); 672. Peterson's Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys petersoni); 673. Patagonian Chinchilla Rat (Euneomys chinchilloides); 674. Chilean Climbing Mouse (Irenomys tarsalis); 675. Cerrado Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys cerradensis); 676. Common Red-nosed Mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorinos); 677. Rio de Janeiro Arboreal Rat (Phaenomys ferrugineus); 678. Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Wilfredomys oenax); 679. Andean Long-clawed Mouse (Paynomys macronyx); 680. Chilean Long-clawed Mouse (Chelemys megalonyx); 681. Edwards's Long-clawed Mouse (Notiomys edwardsii); 682. Valdivian Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus valdivianus), 683. Large Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus annectens); 684. Guafo Island Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus latkenche); 685. Michaelsen's Long-clawed Mouse (Geoxus michaelseni); 686. Long-haired Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix longipilis); 687. Hairy Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix hirta); 688. Mann's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix mann); 689. Sanborn's Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix sanborni); 690. Woolly Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix lanosa); 691. Ornate Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix jelskii); 692. Gray Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix illutea); 693. Andean Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix andina); 694. Olive Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix olivacea): 695. Yellow-nosed Soft-haired Mouse (Abrothrix xanthorhina).

On following pages: 390. Robert's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys robert); 391. Unicolored Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys concolor); 392. Guianan Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys auyantepui); 393. King Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys rex); 394. Red Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys rutilus); 395. Brazilian Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys paricola); 396. Foothill Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys superans); 397. Dusky Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys phaeotis); 398. Mamore Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys mamorae); 399. Anderson's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys sydandersoni); 400. Francisco's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys franciscorum); 401. Atlantic Forest Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys catherinae); 402. Cleber's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys cleberi); 403. McConnell's Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys macconnelli); 404. Emmons's Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys emmonsae); 405. Big-headed Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys legatus); 406. Russet Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys russatus); 407. Buffy-sided Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys lamia); 408. Elegant Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys nitidus); 409. Long-whiskered Rice Rat (Transandinomys bolivaris); 410. Talamancan Rice Rat (Transandinomys talamancae); 411. Long-nosed Rice Rat (Handleyomys rostratus); 412. Chapman's Rice Rat (Handleyomys chapman); 413. Black-eared Rice Rat (Handleyomys melanotis); 414. Guerrero Rice Rat (Handleyomys guerrerensis); 415. Cloud Forest Rice Rat (Handleyomys saturation; 416. Highland Rice Rat (Handleyomys rhabdops); 417. Alfaro's Rice Rat (Handleyomys alfaroi); 418. Colombian Western Andes Cloud Forest Mouse (Handleyomys fuscatus); 419. Colombian Central Andes Cloud Forest Mouse (Handleyomys intectus). in Cricetidae

On following pages: 390. Robert's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys robert); 391. Unicolored Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys concolor); 392. Guianan Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys auyantepui); 393. King Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys rex); 394. Red Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys rutilus); 395. Brazilian Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys paricola); 396. Foothill Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys superans); 397. Dusky Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys phaeotis); 398. Mamore Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys mamorae); 399. Anderson's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys sydandersoni); 400. Francisco's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys franciscorum); 401. Atlantic Forest Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys catherinae); 402. Cleber's Arboreal Rice Rat (Oecomys cleberi); 403. McConnell's Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys macconnelli); 404. Emmons's Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys emmonsae); 405. Big-headed Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys legatus); 406. Russet Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys russatus); 407. Buffy-sided Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys lamia); 408. Elegant Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys nitidus); 409. Long-whiskered Rice Rat (Transandinomys bolivaris); 410. Talamancan Rice Rat (Transandinomys talamancae); 411. Long-nosed Rice Rat (Handleyomys rostratus); 412. Chapman's Rice Rat (Handleyomys chapman); 413. Black-eared Rice Rat (Handleyomys melanotis); 414. Guerrero Rice Rat (Handleyomys guerrerensis); 415. Cloud Forest Rice Rat (Handleyomys saturation; 416. Highland Rice Rat (Handleyomys rhabdops); 417. Alfaro's Rice Rat (Handleyomys alfaroi); 418. Colombian Western Andes Cloud Forest Mouse (Handleyomys fuscatus); 419. Colombian Central Andes Cloud Forest Mouse (Handleyomys intectus).

On following pages: 626. Niceforo Maria's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys nicefori); 627. Popayan Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys popayanus); 628. Short-faced Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys baeops); 629. Snow-footed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys niveipes); 630. Principal Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys princeps); 631. Silky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys bombycinus); 632. Red Andean Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys auricularis); 633. Cinnamon-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinnameus); 634. Central Andes Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys contradictus); 635. Ashy-bellied Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereiventen; 636. Colombian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys dispar); 637. Soft-furred Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys lanigen); 638. Ash-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereus); 639. Wandering Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys erro); 640. Paramo Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys paramorum); 641. Forest Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomyssilvestris); 642. Smoky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys fumeus); 643. Pichincha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys vulcani); 644. Ucucha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ucucha); 645. Taczanowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys taczanowskii); 646. Golden Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys aureus); 647. White-tipped Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys caudivarius); 648. Hudson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys hudsoni); 649. Reddish-backed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys pyrrhonotus); 650. Montane Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys oreas); 651. Cajamarca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys praetor; 652. Distinguished Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys notatus); 653. Apeco Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys apeco); 654. Peruvian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys eleusis); 655. Strong-tailed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ischyrus); 656. Reddish-nosed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys rosalinda); 657. Large-eared Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys macrotis); 658. Ashaninka Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys onkiro); 659. Inca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys incanus), 660. Kalinowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys kalinowskii); 661. Slender Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys gracilis); 662. Daphne's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys daphne); 663. Anderson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys anderson); 664. Austral Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys australis); 665. Ladew's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ladewi). in Cricetidae

On following pages: 626. Niceforo Maria's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys nicefori); 627. Popayan Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys popayanus); 628. Short-faced Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys baeops); 629. Snow-footed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys niveipes); 630. Principal Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys princeps); 631. Silky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys bombycinus); 632. Red Andean Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys auricularis); 633. Cinnamon-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinnameus); 634. Central Andes Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys contradictus); 635. Ashy-bellied Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereiventen; 636. Colombian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys dispar); 637. Soft-furred Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys lanigen); 638. Ash-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereus); 639. Wandering Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys erro); 640. Paramo Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys paramorum); 641. Forest Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomyssilvestris); 642. Smoky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys fumeus); 643. Pichincha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys vulcani); 644. Ucucha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ucucha); 645. Taczanowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys taczanowskii); 646. Golden Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys aureus); 647. White-tipped Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys caudivarius); 648. Hudson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys hudsoni); 649. Reddish-backed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys pyrrhonotus); 650. Montane Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys oreas); 651. Cajamarca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys praetor; 652. Distinguished Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys notatus); 653. Apeco Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys apeco); 654. Peruvian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys eleusis); 655. Strong-tailed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ischyrus); 656. Reddish-nosed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys rosalinda); 657. Large-eared Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys macrotis); 658. Ashaninka Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys onkiro); 659. Inca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys incanus), 660. Kalinowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys kalinowskii); 661. Slender Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys gracilis); 662. Daphne's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys daphne); 663. Anderson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys anderson); 664. Austral Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys australis); 665. Ladew's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ladewi).

On following pages: 211. Short-tailed Singing Mouse (Scotinomys teguina); 212. Long-tailed Singing Mouse (Scotinomys xerampelinus); 213. Yellow Deermouse (Isthmomys flavidus); 214. Mount Pirri Deermouse (/sthmomys pirrensis); 215. Florida Deermouse (Podomys floridanus); 216. Volcano Deermouse (Neotomodon alstoni); 217. Short-nosed Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys brevirostris); 218. Darien Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys darienensis); 219. Slender Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys gracilis); 220. Mexican Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys mexicanus); 221. Nicaraguan Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys paradoxus); 222. Cozumel Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys spectabilis); 223. Talamancan Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys crepen; 224. Rodriguez's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys rodriguez); 225. Narrow-nosed Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys tenuirostris); 226. Small-toothed Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys microdon); 227. Costa Rican Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys cherrii); 228. Chiriquian Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys garichensis); 229. Musser's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys musseri); 230. Baker's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys bakeri); 231. Fulvous Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens); 232. Hairy Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys hirsutus); 233. Sonoran Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys burti); 234. Volcano Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys chrysopsis); 235. Eastern Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys humulis); 236. Western Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis); 237. Plains Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys montanus); 238. Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris); 239. Sumichrast's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys sumichrasti); 240. Zacatecan Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys zacatecae); 241. Chihuahuan Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys arenicola); 242. Northern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys leucogaster); 243. Southern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys torridus); 244. Osgood's Deermouse (Osgoodomys banderanus). in Cricetidae

On following pages: 211. Short-tailed Singing Mouse (Scotinomys teguina); 212. Long-tailed Singing Mouse (Scotinomys xerampelinus); 213. Yellow Deermouse (Isthmomys flavidus); 214. Mount Pirri Deermouse (/sthmomys pirrensis); 215. Florida Deermouse (Podomys floridanus); 216. Volcano Deermouse (Neotomodon alstoni); 217. Short-nosed Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys brevirostris); 218. Darien Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys darienensis); 219. Slender Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys gracilis); 220. Mexican Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys mexicanus); 221. Nicaraguan Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys paradoxus); 222. Cozumel Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys spectabilis); 223. Talamancan Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys crepen; 224. Rodriguez's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys rodriguez); 225. Narrow-nosed Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys tenuirostris); 226. Small-toothed Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys microdon); 227. Costa Rican Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys cherrii); 228. Chiriquian Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys garichensis); 229. Musser's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys musseri); 230. Baker's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys bakeri); 231. Fulvous Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys fulvescens); 232. Hairy Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys hirsutus); 233. Sonoran Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys burti); 234. Volcano Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys chrysopsis); 235. Eastern Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys humulis); 236. Western Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis); 237. Plains Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys montanus); 238. Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris); 239. Sumichrast's Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys sumichrasti); 240. Zacatecan Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys zacatecae); 241. Chihuahuan Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys arenicola); 242. Northern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys leucogaster); 243. Southern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys torridus); 244. Osgood's Deermouse (Osgoodomys banderanus).

On following pages: 357. Delicate Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Juliomys ossitenuis); 358. Montane Red-rumped Tree Mouse (Juliomys rimofrons); 3569. Araucaria Forest Tree Mouse (Juliomys ximenezi); 360. Ruschi''s Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys ruschii); 361. Chebez's Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys chebezi); 362. Montane Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys altimontanus); 363. Pallid Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys sublineatus); 364. Striped Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys dorsalis); 365. North-western Conyrat (Reithrodon caurinus); 366. Naked-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon typicus); 367. Hairy-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon auritus); 368. Short-tailed Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brevicauda); 369. Colombian Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brunneus); 370. Ucayali South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys ucayalensis); 371. Gray South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys melanops); 372. Boquete Rice Rat (Nephelomys devius); 373. Santa Marta Rice Rat (Nephelomys maculiventen; 374. Mount Pirre Rice Rat (Nephelomys pirrensis); 375. Western Colombian Rice Rat (Nephelomys pectoralis); 376. Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat (Nephelomys caracolus); 377 Merida Rice Rat (Nephelomys meridensis); 378. Child's Rice Rat (Nephelomys child); 379. White-throated Rice Rat (Nephelomys albigularis); 380. Greater Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys auriventen; 381. Gray-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys moerex); 382. Lesser Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys nimbosus); 383. Keays's Rice Rat (Nephelomys keaysi); 384. Nimble-footed Rice Rat (Nephelomys levipes), 385. Hammond's Rice Rat (Mindomys hammond). in Cricetidae

On following pages: 357. Delicate Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Juliomys ossitenuis); 358. Montane Red-rumped Tree Mouse (Juliomys rimofrons); 3569. Araucaria Forest Tree Mouse (Juliomys ximenezi); 360. Ruschi''s Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys ruschii); 361. Chebez's Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys chebezi); 362. Montane Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys altimontanus); 363. Pallid Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys sublineatus); 364. Striped Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys dorsalis); 365. North-western Conyrat (Reithrodon caurinus); 366. Naked-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon typicus); 367. Hairy-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon auritus); 368. Short-tailed Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brevicauda); 369. Colombian Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brunneus); 370. Ucayali South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys ucayalensis); 371. Gray South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys melanops); 372. Boquete Rice Rat (Nephelomys devius); 373. Santa Marta Rice Rat (Nephelomys maculiventen; 374. Mount Pirre Rice Rat (Nephelomys pirrensis); 375. Western Colombian Rice Rat (Nephelomys pectoralis); 376. Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat (Nephelomys caracolus); 377 Merida Rice Rat (Nephelomys meridensis); 378. Child's Rice Rat (Nephelomys child); 379. White-throated Rice Rat (Nephelomys albigularis); 380. Greater Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys auriventen; 381. Gray-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys moerex); 382. Lesser Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys nimbosus); 383. Keays's Rice Rat (Nephelomys keaysi); 384. Nimble-footed Rice Rat (Nephelomys levipes), 385. Hammond's Rice Rat (Mindomys hammond).

On following pages: 325. Tawny-bellied Cotton Rat (Sigmodon fulviventer); 326. Yellow-nosed Cotton Rat (Sigmodon ochrognathus); 327. Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus); 328. West Mexican Cotton Rat (Sigmodon mascotensis); 329. Arizona Cotton Rat (Sigmodon arizonae); 330. Toltec Cotton Rat (Sigmodon toltecus); 331. Allen's Cotton Rat (Sigmodon alleni); 332. Burmeister's Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hirsutus); 333. Montane Cotton Rat (Sigmodon zanjonensis); 334. Miahuatlan Cotton Rat (Sigmodon planifrons); 335. Musso's Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys mussol); 336. Montane Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys monticolus); 337 Voss's Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys vossi); 338. Venezuelan Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys venezuelae); 339. Guianan Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys oyapocki); 340. Ferreira's Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys ferreirai); 341. Peruvian Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys peruviensis); 342. Northern Andean Water Mouse (Chibchanomys trichotis); 343. Orces's Andean Water Mouse (Chibchanomys orcesi); 344. Earless Water Mouse (Anotomys leander); 345. Pittier's Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys pittieri); 346. Common Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys hydrobates); 347 Tweedy's Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys tweed); 348. Stolzmann''s Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys stolzmanni); 349. Goldman's Water Mouse (Rheomys raptor); 350. Thomas's Water Mouse (Rheomys thomasi); 351. Underwood's Water Mouse (Rheomys underwood); 352. Mexican Water Mouse (Rheomys mexicanus). in Cricetidae

On following pages: 325. Tawny-bellied Cotton Rat (Sigmodon fulviventer); 326. Yellow-nosed Cotton Rat (Sigmodon ochrognathus); 327. Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus); 328. West Mexican Cotton Rat (Sigmodon mascotensis); 329. Arizona Cotton Rat (Sigmodon arizonae); 330. Toltec Cotton Rat (Sigmodon toltecus); 331. Allen's Cotton Rat (Sigmodon alleni); 332. Burmeister's Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hirsutus); 333. Montane Cotton Rat (Sigmodon zanjonensis); 334. Miahuatlan Cotton Rat (Sigmodon planifrons); 335. Musso's Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys mussol); 336. Montane Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys monticolus); 337 Voss's Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys vossi); 338. Venezuelan Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys venezuelae); 339. Guianan Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys oyapocki); 340. Ferreira's Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys ferreirai); 341. Peruvian Fish-eating Rat (Neusticomys peruviensis); 342. Northern Andean Water Mouse (Chibchanomys trichotis); 343. Orces's Andean Water Mouse (Chibchanomys orcesi); 344. Earless Water Mouse (Anotomys leander); 345. Pittier's Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys pittieri); 346. Common Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys hydrobates); 347 Tweedy's Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys tweed); 348. Stolzmann''s Crab-eating Rat (/chthyomys stolzmanni); 349. Goldman's Water Mouse (Rheomys raptor); 350. Thomas's Water Mouse (Rheomys thomasi); 351. Underwood's Water Mouse (Rheomys underwood); 352. Mexican Water Mouse (Rheomys mexicanus).

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On following pages: 9. Dusky Palm Squirrel (Funambulus sublineatus); 10. Layard's Palm Squirrel (Funambulus layardi Tufted Pygmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus whitehead); 14. Lowland Long-nosed Squirrel (Hyosciurusileile); 15. Montane Squirrel (Prosciurillus rosenbergii); 18. Celebes Dwarf Squirrel (Prosciurillus murinus); 19. Whitish Dwarf Squirrel alstoni); 22. Weber's Dwarf Squirrel (Prosciurillus weber); 23. Secretive Dwarf Squirrel (Prosciurillus abstrusus). ); 11. Philippine Pygmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus concinnus); 12. Least Pygmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus exilis); 13. Long-nosed Squirrel (Hyosciurus heinrichi); 16. Sulawesi Giant Squirrel (Rubrisciurus rubriventer); 17. Sanghir (Prosciurillus leucomus); 20. Mount Topapu Squirrel (Prosciurillus topapuensis), 21. Alston's Squirrel (Prosciurillus in Sciuridae

On following pages: 9. Dusky Palm Squirrel (Funambulus sublineatus); 10. Layard's Palm Squirrel (Funambulus layardi Tufted Pygmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus whitehead); 14. Lowland Long-nosed Squirrel (Hyosciurusileile); 15. Montane Squirrel (Prosciurillus rosenbergii); 18. Celebes Dwarf Squirrel (Prosciurillus murinus); 19. Whitish Dwarf Squirrel alstoni); 22. Weber's Dwarf Squirrel (Prosciurillus weber); 23. Secretive Dwarf Squirrel (Prosciurillus abstrusus). ); 11. Philippine Pygmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus concinnus); 12. Least Pygmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus exilis); 13. Long-nosed Squirrel (Hyosciurus heinrichi); 16. Sulawesi Giant Squirrel (Rubrisciurus rubriventer); 17. Sanghir (Prosciurillus leucomus); 20. Mount Topapu Squirrel (Prosciurillus topapuensis), 21. Alston's Squirrel (Prosciurillus

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On following pages: 27. Cambodian Striped Squirrel (Tamiops rodolphii); 28. Perny's Long-nosed Squirrel (remomys pyrrhomerus); 31. Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel (Dremomys rufigenis); 32. Red-throated Squirrel (Dremomys gularis Philippine Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus philippinensis); 36. Samar Squirrel (Sundasciurus samarensis); 37. Culion Tree Palawan Montane Squirrel (Sundasciurus rabori); 40. Southern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus steerii); 41. Horse-tailed pernyi); 29. Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah); 30. Red-hipped Squirrel (Dremomys); 33. Black-eared Squirrel (Nannosciurus melanotis); 34. Busuanga Squirrel (Sundasciurus hoogstraali); 35. Squirrel (Sundasciurus moellendorffi); 38. Northern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus juvencus); 39. Squirrel (Sundasciurus hippurus). in Sciuridae

On following pages: 27. Cambodian Striped Squirrel (Tamiops rodolphii); 28. Perny's Long-nosed Squirrel (remomys pyrrhomerus); 31. Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel (Dremomys rufigenis); 32. Red-throated Squirrel (Dremomys gularis Philippine Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus philippinensis); 36. Samar Squirrel (Sundasciurus samarensis); 37. Culion Tree Palawan Montane Squirrel (Sundasciurus rabori); 40. Southern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus steerii); 41. Horse-tailed pernyi); 29. Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah); 30. Red-hipped Squirrel (Dremomys); 33. Black-eared Squirrel (Nannosciurus melanotis); 34. Busuanga Squirrel (Sundasciurus hoogstraali); 35. Squirrel (Sundasciurus moellendorffi); 38. Northern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus juvencus); 39. Squirrel (Sundasciurus hippurus).

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

On following pages: 124. Black-shanked Douc (Pygathrix nigripes); 125. Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus (Rhinopithecus brelichi); 128. Golden Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana); 129. Stryker's Snub-nosed Monkey avunculus); 126. Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus biet); 127. Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri); 130. Pig-tailed Langur (Simias concolor); 131. Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus). in Cercopithecidae

On following pages: 124. Black-shanked Douc (Pygathrix nigripes); 125. Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus (Rhinopithecus brelichi); 128. Golden Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana); 129. Stryker's Snub-nosed Monkey avunculus); 126. Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus biet); 127. Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri); 130. Pig-tailed Langur (Simias concolor); 131. Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus).

On following pages: 788. Small-eared Rat (Taeromys microbullatus); 789. Sulawesi Forest Rat (Taeromys punicans); 790. Tondano Rat (Taeromys taerae); 791. Long-tailed Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys macrocercus); 792. Tate's Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys rhinogradoides); 793. Mamasa Water Rat (Waiomys mamasae); 794. Spiny Boki Mekot Rat (Halmaheramys bokimekot); 795. Komodo Rat (Komodomys rintjanus); 796. Seram Island Mountain Rat (Nesoromys ceramicus); 797. Armandville's Giant Tree Rat (Papagomys armandville)); 798. Paula's Long-nosed Rat (Paulamys naso); 799. Luzon Broad-toothed Rat (Abditomys latidens); 800. Mindoro Climbing Rat (Anonymomys mindorensis); 801. Mindanao Forest Rat (Bullimus bagobus); 802. Camiguin Forest Rat (Bullimus gamay); 803. Luzon Forest Rat (Bullimus luzonicus); 804. Sulawesi Shrew Mouse (Crunomys celebensis), 805. Luzon Shrew Mouse (Crunomys fallax); 806. Mindanao Shrew Mouse (Crunomys melanius); 807. Katanglad Shrew Mouse (Crunomys suncoides); 808. Gray-bellied Moss Mouse (Limnomys bryophilus), 809. Long-tailed Moss Mouse (Limnomys sibuanus); 810. Dusky Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys apoensis); 811. Spiny Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys echinatus); 812. Luzon Short-nosed Rat (Tryphomys adustus); 813. Ethiopian Amphibious Rat (Nilopegamys plumbeus); 814. Hume's Hadromys (Hadromys humei); 815. Yunnan Hadromys (Hadromys yunnanensis); 816. Vernay's Climbing Mouse (Vernaya fulva). in Muridae

On following pages: 788. Small-eared Rat (Taeromys microbullatus); 789. Sulawesi Forest Rat (Taeromys punicans); 790. Tondano Rat (Taeromys taerae); 791. Long-tailed Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys macrocercus); 792. Tate's Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Tateomys rhinogradoides); 793. Mamasa Water Rat (Waiomys mamasae); 794. Spiny Boki Mekot Rat (Halmaheramys bokimekot); 795. Komodo Rat (Komodomys rintjanus); 796. Seram Island Mountain Rat (Nesoromys ceramicus); 797. Armandville's Giant Tree Rat (Papagomys armandville)); 798. Paula's Long-nosed Rat (Paulamys naso); 799. Luzon Broad-toothed Rat (Abditomys latidens); 800. Mindoro Climbing Rat (Anonymomys mindorensis); 801. Mindanao Forest Rat (Bullimus bagobus); 802. Camiguin Forest Rat (Bullimus gamay); 803. Luzon Forest Rat (Bullimus luzonicus); 804. Sulawesi Shrew Mouse (Crunomys celebensis), 805. Luzon Shrew Mouse (Crunomys fallax); 806. Mindanao Shrew Mouse (Crunomys melanius); 807. Katanglad Shrew Mouse (Crunomys suncoides); 808. Gray-bellied Moss Mouse (Limnomys bryophilus), 809. Long-tailed Moss Mouse (Limnomys sibuanus); 810. Dusky Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys apoensis); 811. Spiny Long-footed Rat (Tarsomys echinatus); 812. Luzon Short-nosed Rat (Tryphomys adustus); 813. Ethiopian Amphibious Rat (Nilopegamys plumbeus); 814. Hume's Hadromys (Hadromys humei); 815. Yunnan Hadromys (Hadromys yunnanensis); 816. Vernay's Climbing Mouse (Vernaya fulva).

On following pages: 757. Palawan Mountain Rat (Palawanomys furvus); 7568. Annandale's Sundaic Rat (Sundamys annandalei); 759. Mountain Giant Rat (Sundamys infraluteus); 760. Bartels's Rat (Sundamys maxi); 761. Miller's Rat Sundamys mueller); 762. Andrews's Hill Rat (Bunomys andrews); 763. Common Hill Rat (Bunomys chrysocomus); 764. Lampobatang Hill Rat (Bunomys coelestis); 765. North-eastern Peninsula Hill Rat (Bunomys fratrorum); 766. Karoko Hill Rat (Bunomys karokophilus); 767. Montane Hill Rat (Bunomys penitus); 768. Tambusisi Hill Rat (Bunomys prolatus); 769. Tana Toraja Hill Rat (Bunomys torajae); 770. Central Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix centrosa); 771. Northern Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix leucura); 772. Sulawesi Soft-furred Rat (Eropeplus canus); 773. Sulawesi Slender Root Rat (Gracilimus radix); 774. Hog-nosed Shrew Rat (Hyorhinomys stuempkei); 775. Meyer's Giant Rat Lenomys meyeri), 776. Beccari's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys beccarii); 777. Christina's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys christinae); 778. Elegant Margareta Rat (Margaretamys elegans); 779. Lesser Margareta Rat (Margaretamys parvus); 780. Diurnal Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Melasmothrix naso); 781. Giant Sulawesi Rat (Paruromys dominator); 782. Edented Sulawesi Rat (Paucidentomys vermidax); 783. Sommer's Sulawesi Rat (Sommeromys macrorhinos). in Muridae

On following pages: 757. Palawan Mountain Rat (Palawanomys furvus); 7568. Annandale's Sundaic Rat (Sundamys annandalei); 759. Mountain Giant Rat (Sundamys infraluteus); 760. Bartels's Rat (Sundamys maxi); 761. Miller's Rat Sundamys mueller); 762. Andrews's Hill Rat (Bunomys andrews); 763. Common Hill Rat (Bunomys chrysocomus); 764. Lampobatang Hill Rat (Bunomys coelestis); 765. North-eastern Peninsula Hill Rat (Bunomys fratrorum); 766. Karoko Hill Rat (Bunomys karokophilus); 767. Montane Hill Rat (Bunomys penitus); 768. Tambusisi Hill Rat (Bunomys prolatus); 769. Tana Toraja Hill Rat (Bunomys torajae); 770. Central Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix centrosa); 771. Northern Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Echiothrix leucura); 772. Sulawesi Soft-furred Rat (Eropeplus canus); 773. Sulawesi Slender Root Rat (Gracilimus radix); 774. Hog-nosed Shrew Rat (Hyorhinomys stuempkei); 775. Meyer's Giant Rat Lenomys meyeri), 776. Beccari's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys beccarii); 777. Christina's Margareta Rat (Margaretamys christinae); 778. Elegant Margareta Rat (Margaretamys elegans); 779. Lesser Margareta Rat (Margaretamys parvus); 780. Diurnal Sulawesian Shrew Rat (Melasmothrix naso); 781. Giant Sulawesi Rat (Paruromys dominator); 782. Edented Sulawesi Rat (Paucidentomys vermidax); 783. Sommer's Sulawesi Rat (Sommeromys macrorhinos).

On following pages: 473. Senegal Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys linulus); 474. Mittendorf's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys mittendorfi); 475. Hoogstraal's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys hoogstraali), 476. Buffoon Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys macculus); 477. Griselda Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys griselda); 478. Single-striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys rosalia); 479. Rosevear's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys roseveari); 480. West African Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys ornatus); 481. Common Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys hypoxanthus); 482. East African Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys fallax); 483. Hopkins's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys hopkinsi); 484. Lake Victoria Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys isseli); 485. Angolan Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys campanae); 486. Least Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys minor); 487. Target Rat (Stochomys longicaudatus); 488. Kemp's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys kempi); 489. Hatt's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys majon; 490. Schouteden's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys schoutedeni); 491. Thomas's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys venustus); 492. Namaqua Rock Rat (Micaelamys namaquensis); 493. Grant's Rock Rat (Micaelamys granti); 494. Mesic Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys dilectus); 495. West-Central South African Fourstriped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys bechuanae); 496. KwaZulu Natal Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys chakae); 497. Karoo Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys intermedius); 498. Xeric Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys pumilio), 499. Loring's Thallomys (Thallomys loringi); 500. Black-tailed Thallomys (Thallomys nigricauda); 501. Sundevall's Thallomys (Thallomys paedulcus); 502. Shortridge's Thallomys (Thallomys shortridgei). in Muridae

On following pages: 473. Senegal Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys linulus); 474. Mittendorf's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys mittendorfi); 475. Hoogstraal's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys hoogstraali), 476. Buffoon Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys macculus); 477. Griselda Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys griselda); 478. Single-striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys rosalia); 479. Rosevear's Striped Grass Mouse (Lemniscomys roseveari); 480. West African Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys ornatus); 481. Common Rufous-nosed Rat (Oenomys hypoxanthus); 482. East African Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys fallax); 483. Hopkins's Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys hopkinsi); 484. Lake Victoria Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys isseli); 485. Angolan Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys campanae); 486. Least Groove-toothed Swamp Rat (Pelomys minor); 487. Target Rat (Stochomys longicaudatus); 488. Kemp's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys kempi); 489. Hatt's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys majon; 490. Schouteden's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys schoutedeni); 491. Thomas's Thicket Rat (Thamnomys venustus); 492. Namaqua Rock Rat (Micaelamys namaquensis); 493. Grant's Rock Rat (Micaelamys granti); 494. Mesic Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys dilectus); 495. West-Central South African Fourstriped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys bechuanae); 496. KwaZulu Natal Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys chakae); 497. Karoo Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys intermedius); 498. Xeric Four-striped Grass Rat (Rhabdomys pumilio), 499. Loring's Thallomys (Thallomys loringi); 500. Black-tailed Thallomys (Thallomys nigricauda); 501. Sundevall's Thallomys (Thallomys paedulcus); 502. Shortridge's Thallomys (Thallomys shortridgei).

On following pages: 184. Koopman's Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys karlkoopmani); 185. Greater Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys major); 186. Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys muroides); 187. Lesser Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys pusillus); 188. Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse (Apomys abrae); 189. Aurora Forest Mouse (Apomys aurorae); 190. Banahaw Forest Mouse (Apomys banahao); 191. Brown's Forest Mouse (Apomys brownorum); 192. Camiguin Forest Mouse (Apomys camiguinensis); 193. Northern Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys datae); 194. Large Mindoro Forest Mouse (Apomys gracilirostris); 195. Mindanao Mossy Forest Mouse (Apomys hylocoetes); 196. Mindanao Montane Forest Mouse (Apomys insignis); 197. Mount Irid Forest Mouse (Apomys iridensis); 198. Mindanao Lowland Forest Mouse (Apomys littoralis); 199. Lubang Forest Mouse (Apomys lubangensis); 200. Large Forest Mouse (Apomys magnus); 201. Small Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys microdon); 202. Mount Mingan Forest Mouse (Apomys minganensis); 203. Least Philippine Forest Mouse (Apomys musculus); 204. Long-nosed Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys sacobianus); 205. Sierra Madre Forest Mouse (Apomys sierrae); 206. Zambales Forest Mouse (Apomys zambalensis); 207. Isarog Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys luzonensis); 208. Large Cordillera Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys maximus); 209. Isarog Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys gonzalesi); 210. Lowland Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys mindorensis); 211. Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys sibuyanensis); 212. Blazed Luzon Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys silaceus); 213. Montane Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys whitehead). in Muridae

On following pages: 184. Koopman's Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys karlkoopmani); 185. Greater Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys major); 186. Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys muroides); 187. Lesser Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys pusillus); 188. Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse (Apomys abrae); 189. Aurora Forest Mouse (Apomys aurorae); 190. Banahaw Forest Mouse (Apomys banahao); 191. Brown's Forest Mouse (Apomys brownorum); 192. Camiguin Forest Mouse (Apomys camiguinensis); 193. Northern Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys datae); 194. Large Mindoro Forest Mouse (Apomys gracilirostris); 195. Mindanao Mossy Forest Mouse (Apomys hylocoetes); 196. Mindanao Montane Forest Mouse (Apomys insignis); 197. Mount Irid Forest Mouse (Apomys iridensis); 198. Mindanao Lowland Forest Mouse (Apomys littoralis); 199. Lubang Forest Mouse (Apomys lubangensis); 200. Large Forest Mouse (Apomys magnus); 201. Small Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys microdon); 202. Mount Mingan Forest Mouse (Apomys minganensis); 203. Least Philippine Forest Mouse (Apomys musculus); 204. Long-nosed Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys sacobianus); 205. Sierra Madre Forest Mouse (Apomys sierrae); 206. Zambales Forest Mouse (Apomys zambalensis); 207. Isarog Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys luzonensis); 208. Large Cordillera Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys maximus); 209. Isarog Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys gonzalesi); 210. Lowland Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys mindorensis); 211. Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys sibuyanensis); 212. Blazed Luzon Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys silaceus); 213. Montane Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys whitehead).

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

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Improvements in airflow characteristics and effect on the NOSE score after septoturbinoplasty: A computational fluid dynamics analysis

Septoturbinoplasty is a surgical procedure that can improve nasal congestion symptoms in patients with nasal septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. However, it is unclear which physical domains of nasal airflow after septoturbinoplasty are related to symptomatic improvement. This work employs computational fluid dynamics modeling to identify the physical variables and domains associated with symptomatic improvement. Sixteen numerical models were generated using eight patients' pre- and postoperative computed tomography scans. Changes in unilateral nasal resistance, surface heat flux, relative humidity, and air temperature and their correlations with improvement in the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score were analyzed. The NOSE score significantly improved after septoturbinoplasty, from 14.4 ± 3.6 to 4.0 ± 4.2 (p < 0.001). The surgery not only increased the airflow partition on the more obstructed side (MOS) from 31.6 ± 9.6 to 41.9 ± 4.7% (p = 0.043), but also reduced the unilateral nasal resistance in the MOS from 0.200 ± 0.095 to 0.066 ± 0.055 Pa/(mL×s) (p = 0.004). Improvement in the NOSE score correlated significantly with the reduction in unilateral nasal resistance in the preoperative MOS (r=0.81). Also, improvement in the NOSE score correlated better with the increase in surface heat flux in the preoperative MOS region from the nasal valve to the choanae (r=0.87) than in the vestibule area (r=0.63). Therefore, unilateral nasal resistance and mucous cooling in the preoperative MOS can explain the perceived improvement in symptoms after septoturbinoplasty. Moreover, the physical domain between the nasal valve and the choanae might be more relevant to patient-reported patency than the vestibule area.

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Differential response of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys to climate change and human activities

Aim: Determining the mechanisms by which climate change and human activities affect patterns of ecological specialization in different genetic units of the same species is crucial for developing local or regionally-based conservation solutions. This study uses species distribution models and genetic analysis to 1) identify evidence of intraspecific differences in the population size and distribution of the three extant lineages (Sichuan/Gansu (SG), Qinling (QL), and Shennongjia (SNJ)) of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys; and 2) determine why some lineages have lower population numbers, a smaller geographical distribution, and are more threatened with extinction. Location: China Methods: We used n-dimensional hypervolume modeling and Genotype–Environment Association (GEA) models to compare the climatic niches of three snub-nosed monkey lineages, SDMs to reconstruct the historical, current, and future distributions of each lineage, and SMC++ to calculate their effective population sizes. Results: We found evidence of: 1) climatic niche differentiation among the SG, QL, and SNJ lineages of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys; 2) geographical isolation combined with a decrease in population size during the LGM resulted in ecological specialization among these three lineages; and 3) a decline in climatic suitability and anthropogenically-driven land conversion, combined with small population size and a narrow distributional range, indicate that the SNJ lineage is at a greater risk of extinction than the SG and QL lineages. Main conclusions: We demonstrate that during the LGM a reduction in habitat suitability driven by climate change, in concert with decreasing population size resulted in the geographical isolation of the three Sichuan snub-nosed monkey subpopulations, leading to lineage differences in ecological specialization. GEA models and hypervolume models demonstrated that the three lineages occupy different ecological niches. Based on lineage-level models, the SNJ and QL lineages should be the immediate focus of conservation efforts due to their small effective population size and expected future reductions in available suitable habitat. The modeling approach used here is robust and can be applied effectively to examine the biogeography, recent evolutionary history, and effective population size of other endangered animal taxa.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

FIGURES 31–35 in Two new «nosed» species of the genus Megalothorax (Collembola: Neelidae) from Russia

FIGURES 31–35. Megalothorax processus sp. nov.: 31—body chaetotaxy, lateral view; 32—claw III, lateral view; 33— unguiculus I, posterior view; 34—claw I, anterior view; 35—rami of tenaculum (variation). Abbreviations as in Figs 9–12.

FIGURES 9–12 in Two new «nosed» species of the genus Megalothorax (Collembola: Neelidae) from Russia

FIGURES 9–12. Megalothorax roseus sp. nov.: 9—body chaetotaxy, lateral view; 10–12—furca, lateral (10), anterior (11), and posterior (12) view; 12—furca, posterior view. Abbreviations as in Fig. 7.

FIGURES 13–17 in Two new «nosed» species of the genus Megalothorax (Collembola: Neelidae) from Russia

FIGURES 13–17. Megalothorax roseus sp. nov.: 13–15—legs I (13), II (14), and III (15), lateral view; 16—claw III, anterior view; 17—unguiculus I, posterior view.

FIGURES 36–37. Altai habitats for M in Two new «nosed» species of the genus Megalothorax (Collembola: Neelidae) from Russia

FIGURES 36–37. Altai habitats for M. roseus sp. nov. (36, Kuznetsky Alatau ridge) and M. processus sp. nov. (37, entrance to Chuyskaya basin).

FIGURES 7–8 in Two new «nosed» species of the genus Megalothorax (Collembola: Neelidae) from Russia

FIGURES 7–8. Megalothorax roseus sp. nov.: 7—body chaetotaxy, dorsal view; 8—antenna, dorsal and ventral views. sf— sensory field, s1, s2—swollen sensilla on body, wrc—wax-rods (this is the same free wax rod generating crypt as in Schneider et al. 2013), S—S-chaetae, thickened chaetae on Ant. III–IV; Sy, Sa, Sx, a, Or—sensory organ.