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407 results for “riparian”
FIGURE 2. Sarcolobus cambogensis habitat and growth form. A. riparian habitat, B. shrubby habit, C in Sarcolobus cambogensis (Marsdenieae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae): A new rheophytic shrub from Cambodia
FIGURE 2. Sarcolobus cambogensis habitat and growth form. A. riparian habitat, B. shrubby habit, C. open follicle releasing seeds, and D. orange flowers (photographs: Hyosig Won from type locality)
Figure 3 in Importance of riparian vegetation and wood-pastures in the maintenance of bat assemblages in a highly fragmented landscape in Veracruz, Mexico
Figure 3: Rank abundance curves of bats captured in wood-pastures (A) and riparian vegetation (B) in Jamapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Numbers indicate species, 1: Artibeus jamaicensis, 2: Sturnira parvidens, 3: A. lituratus, 4: S. hondurensis, 5: Glossophaga soricina, 6: G. commissarissi, 7: Rhogeesa tumida, 8: Desmodus rotundus, 9: Phyllostomus discolor, 10: Eptesicus furinalis, 11: Carollia sowelli, 12: A. phaeotis, 13: Uroderma bilobatum, 14: Molossus rufus, 15: C. perspicillata, 16: Chiroderma salvini, 17: A. watsoni, 18: C. villosum, 19: Pteronotus parnelli, 20: Platyrrhinus helleri, 21: Micronycteris microtis, 22: A. toltecus, 23: Centurio senex, 24: P. davyi, 25: Mormoops megallophylla, 26: Eumops bonariensis, 27: Promops centralis, 28: Myotis californicus, 29: M. keaysi.
Figure 2 in Importance of riparian vegetation and wood-pastures in the maintenance of bat assemblages in a highly fragmented landscape in Veracruz, Mexico
Figure 2: Species accumulation curves for wood-pastures and riparian vegetation in the locality of Jamapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Hill's numbers (effective numbers of species) are in brackets. According to non-overlapping confidence intervals only q1 ("typical" species) and q2 (dominant species) were significantly higher in riparian vegetation compared to pastures.
Species and plot characteristics for River restoration effects on dispersal and the development of riparian seed bank: Do poor seed banks limit restoration of boreal riparian zones?
<p>Vegetation composition in boreal streams in the standing vegetation and the seed bank, </p>
Data from: Dispersal versus environmental filtering in a dynamic system: drivers of vegetation patterns and diversity along stream riparian gradients
1. Both environmental filtering and dispersal filtering are known to influence plant species distribution patterns and biodiversity. Particularly in dynamic habitats, however, it remains unclear whether environmental filtering (stimulated by stressful conditions) or dispersal filtering (during re-colonization events) dominates in community assembly, or how they interact. Such a fundamental understanding of community assembly is critical to the design of biodiversity conservation and restoration strategies. 2. Stream riparian zones are species-rich dynamic habitats. They are characterized by steep hydrological gradients likely to promote environmental filtering, and by spatiotemporal variation in the arrival of propagules likely to promote dispersal filtering. We quantified the contributions of both filters by monitoring natural seed arrival (dispersal filter) and experimentally assessing germination, seedling survival and growth of 17 riparian plant species (environmental filter) along riparian gradients of three lowland streams that were excavated to bare substrate for restoration. Subsequently, we related spatial patterns in each process to species distribution and diversity patterns after 1 and 2 years of succession. 3. Patterns in initial seed arrival were very clearly reflected in species distribution patterns in the developing vegetation and were more significant than environmental filtering. However, environmental filtering intensified towards the wet end of the riparian gradient, particularly through effects of flooding on survival and growth, which strongly affected community diversity and generated a gradient in the vegetation. Strikingly, patterns in seed arrival foreshadowed the gradient that developed in the vegetation; seeds of species with adult optima at wetter conditions dominated seed arrival at low elevations along the riparian gradient while seeds of species with drier optima arrived higher up. Despite previous assertions suggesting a dominance of environmental filtering, our results demonstrate that nonrandom dispersal may be an important driver of early successional riparian vegetation zonation and biodiversity patterns as well. 4. Synthesis: Our results demonstrate (and quantify) the strong roles of both environmental and dispersal filtering in determining plant community assemblies in early successional dynamic habitats. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dispersal filtering can already initiate vegetation gradients, a mechanism that may have been overlooked along many environmental gradients where interspecific interactions are (temporarily) reduced.
Data from: Do riparian forest strips in modified forest landscapes aid in conserving bat diversity?
Agricultural practices lead to losses of natural resources and biodiversity. Maintaining forests alongside streams (riparian forest strips) has been used as a mechanism to minimize the impact of clearing for agriculture on biodiversity. To test the contribution of riparian forest strips to conserve biodiversity in production landscapes, we selected bats as a biodiversity model system and examined two dimensions of diversity: taxonomic and functional. We compared bat diversity and composition in forest, with and without stream habitat, and in narrow forest riparian strips surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture. We tested the hypothesis that riparian forest strips provide potential conservation value by providing habitat and serving as movement corridors for forest bat species. Riparian forest strips maintained 75% of the bat species registered in forested habitats. We found assemblage in sites with riparian forest strips were dominated by a few species with high abundance and included several species with low abundance. Bat species assemblage was more similar between sites with streams than between those sites to forests without stream habitat. These results highlight the importance of stream habitat in predicting presence of bat species. We registered similar number of guilds between forest sites and riparian forest strips sites. Relative to matrix habitats, stream and edge habitats in riparian forest strips sites were functionally more diverse, supporting our hypothesis about the potential conservation value of riparian forest strips. Results from this study suggest that maintaining riparian forest strips within cleared areas for agricultural areas help conserve the taxonomic and functional diversity of bats. Also, it provides basic data to evaluate the efficacy of maintaining these landscape features for mitigating impacts of agricultural development on biodiversity. However, we caution that riparian forest strips alone are not sufficient for biodiversity maintenance; their value depend on maintenance of larger forest areas in their vicinity.
Data from: Interactions among herbivory, climate, topography, and plant age shape riparian willow dynamics in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA
Understanding how the environmental context modifies the strength of trophic interactions within food webs forms a central challenge in community ecology. Here, we demonstrate the necessity of considering the influence of climate, landscape heterogeneity and demographics for understanding trophic interactions in a well-studied food web in Yellowstone National Park, USA. We studied riparian willow (Salix spp.) establishment and stem growth reconstructed from tree rings on the northern range of Yellowstone over a 30-year period that included the reintroduction of a top-predator, the gray wolf (Canis lupus). We used climate variables (annual precipitation, stream flow, and growing season length), herbivore abundance, and landscape descriptors (elevation and topographic wetness index) to predict establishment and growth processes through time before and after the introduction of wolves. We fitted Bayesian hierarchical models to establishment data and time series of individual stem heights from 1980 to 2008. Explaining variability in establishment required models with stream flow, annual precipitation, and elk abundance. Climate, trophic, and landscape covariates interacted with stem age to determine stem height and growth rate through time. Growth rates of most stems ages (2+) declined after the reintroduction of wolves. However, stem growth rates naturally declined with age, and the decline we observed was coincident with faster growth rates for the youngest stems. Mean stem heights at age have remained relatively stable through time for most age classes. Estimated effects of landscape topography had approximately the same magnitude of effect on stem growth rate at age as elk abundance. Synthesis: We show that the effects of modification of a food web cannot be predicted by studying trophic dynamics in isolation. No single driver explained patterns of willow establishment and growth over the past three decades in Yellowstone. Instead, interactions among trophic forces, interannual climate variability and landscape topography together shaped how the ecosystem responded to perturbations. Top-down effects of ungulates on riparian woody vegetation must be considered in the context of plant age, and climate and landscape heterogeneity.
Invasive tree cover covaries with environmental factors to explain the functional composition of riparian plant communities
<p>Invasive species are a major cause of biodiversity loss worldwide, but their impact on communities and the mechanisms driving those impacts are varied and not well understood. This study employs functional diversity metrics and guilds - suites of species with similar traits - to assess the influence of an invasive tree (<em>Tamarix</em> spp.) on riparian plant communities in the southwestern United States. We asked: 1) What traits define riparian plant guilds in this system? 2) How do the abundances of guilds vary along gradients of <em>Tamarix </em>cover and abiotic conditions? 3) How does the functional diversity of the plant community respond to the gradients of <em>Tamarix </em>cover and abiotic conditions? We found nine distinct guilds primarily defined by reproductive strategy, as well as height, seed weight, specific leaf area, drought and anaerobic tolerance. Guild abundance varied along a covarying gradient of local and regional environmental factors and <em>Tamarix </em>cover. Guilds relying on sexual reproduction, in particular those producing many light seeds over a long period of time were more strongly associated with drier sites and higher <em>Tamarix </em>cover. <em>Tamarix </em>itself appeared to facilitate more shade tolerant species with higher specific leaf areas than would be expected in resource poor environments. Additionally, we found a high degree of specialization (low functional diversity) in the wettest, most flood-prone, lowest <em>Tamarix </em>cover sites as well as in the driest, most stable, highest <em>Tamarix </em>cover sites. These guilds can be used to anticipate plant community response to restoration efforts and in selecting appropriate species for revegetation.</p>
Figure 1 in Structure of insect community in the fungus Inonotus radiatus in riparian boreal forests
Figure 1. Map showing the five lakes (black dots) from which Inonotus radiatus basidiomes were sampled in Uppland, Sweden.
Figure 2 in Structure of insect community in the fungus Inonotus radiatus in riparian boreal forests
Figure 2. Accumulation curves for species richness (and 95% confidence intervals) for species that use Inonotus radiatus as breeding habitat. Solid lines represent northern and dotted lines southern shores.
Figure 3 in Structure of insect community in the fungus Inonotus radiatus in riparian boreal forests
Figure 3. Species accumulation curves (and 95% confidence intervals) in Inonotus radiatus samples of different decay stages. The curves for fresh decay stages (n = 16 samples) and advanced decay stages (n = 36) have been extrapolated to a common sample size of 49 samples with both living and dead basidiomes (i.e. mixed). Only taxa that were considered to breed in the basidiomes were included.
FIGURE 2 in Forestiera veracruzana (Oleaceae), a new species from the riparian forests of central Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Illustration of Forestiera veracruzana Cast.-Campos & Pal.-Wass. sp. nov.: a, tree; b, branch with pistillate inflorescences; c, pistillate inflorescence; d, detail of pistillate flower; e, style types; f, staminate inflorescence; g, detail of stamen. Illustration by Rosa Pérez based on the type specimen O. Palacios-Wassenaar et al. 965 and 969 (XAL).
C:N:P stoichiometric indicator of net primary production of Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. in the riparian zone of a Three Gorges tributary
<p>Net primary production (NPP) was strongly influenced by the flooding stress, which is closely related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) allocation in plant aboveground (leaf-stem) and belowground (root) biomass. However, the relationship of NPP with the C:N:P stoichiometric ratio in plant tissues remains unknown, especially in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). In this study, the leaf-stem and root C, N, P content and biomass of <i>Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. </i>(<i>C. dactylon</i>) were investigated at the 145-155m, 155-165m and 165-175m altitudes of the riparian zone in TGR tributary-Pengxi River. The results showed that the biomass and NPP of <i>C. dactylon</i> had a similar trend along the riparian zone altitudes. The root showed much lower N and P content, but much higher N and P use efficiency with higher C:N and C:P ratio than that of leaf-stem under N limitation condition. Hydrological and C:N:P stoichiometric variables could predict 68% of the NPP variance. NPP was positively directly correlated to C:N in the stem-leaf to root ratio (C:N<sub>stem-leaf/root</sub>) and C:P ratio in the root<sub> </sub>(C:P<sub>root </sub>ratio ), thus could be regarded as the indicators of NPP in the riparian zone of the TGR.</p>
Floral abundance and insect visits in suburban riparian ecosystems in Ibaraki, Japan
<p>This file contains data generated from year-round field observations of floral abundance and insect visits in suburban riparian ecosystems, Japan. <br> The dataset was created during the study documented in the following publication;<br> Egawa C, Yuta T, Koyama A (2023) Specific alien plant species predominantly deliver nectar sugar and pollen but are not preferentially visited by wild pollinating insects in suburban riparian ecosystems. Ecology and Evolution 13: e10441. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10441<br> Procedures for creating the data are detailed in the publication described above. </p>
FIGURE 1 in Two new riparian Pselaphinae from Hubei, Central China (Coleoptera: taphylinidae)
FIGURE 1. Habitus and morphological details of Batrisiella riparia sp. nov., male. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Head and pronotum. C. Scape, arrow indicating lamellar structure at apicolateral corner. D. Metafemur. E. Sternite 7 (IX). F–H. Aedeagus, lateral (F), ventral (G), and axial (H). I. Female genital complex. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2 mm in B, D; 0.05 mm in C, E; 0.1 mm in F–I.
FIGURE 3 in Two new riparian Pselaphinae from Hubei, Central China (Coleoptera: taphylinidae)
FIGURE 3. Collecting environment and habitat of Batrisiella riparia sp. nov. and Nipponobythus varicornis sp. nov.
Riparian land-cover data and model code for: Multiple-region, N-mixture community models to assess associations of riparian area, fragmentation, and species richness
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C:N:P stoichiometric indicator of net primary production of Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. in the riparian zone of a Three Gorges tributary
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Urban runoff and stream channel incision interact to influence riparian soils and understory vegetation
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Data from: Optimizing carbon storage and biodiversity co-benefits in reforested riparian zones
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