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Fig. 3 in The oldest birotule-bearing freshwater sponges from the Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleocene Deccan volcanic-associated sediments of India

Fig. 3. Megascleres of palaeospongillid sponge Longibirotula antiqua gen. et sp. nov. from Upper Cretaceous–lower of Paleocene of Naskal GSI Quarry India). A–H. Acanthoxeas (slides PGNU/NSKQ/SL-1–13) with large spines. Diagenetic processes affect all spicules to various degree. Scale bars 20 µm.

Fig. 1 in The oldest birotule-bearing freshwater sponges from the Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleocene Deccan volcanic-associated sediments of India

Fig. 1. Map of India showing Deccan volcanic province (green area). A. Location of Naskal intertrappean, Naskal B (white star) and Naskal GSI Quarry sections (red star); map modified after Ahluwalia (1990) and Wilson Mantilla et al. (2022). B. Sponge spicule and diatom bearing horizon in Naskal GSI Quarry section. C. Palynomorph bearing Naskal B section (modified after Wilson Mantilla et al. 2022).

Fig. 4 in The oldest birotule-bearing freshwater sponges from the Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleocene Deccan volcanic-associated sediments of India

Fig. 4. Gemmuloscleres of palaeospongillid sponge Longibirotula antiqua gen. et sp. non. from Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene of Naskal GSI Quarry (India). A–O. Birotules (slides PGNU/NSKQ/SL-1–13) slender, spiny, with long shaft. Diagenetic processes affect all spicules to various degree. Scale bars 20 µm.

Fig. 2 in The oldest birotule-bearing freshwater sponges from the Upper Cretaceous-lower Paleocene Deccan volcanic-associated sediments of India

Fig. 2. Megascleres of palaeospongillid sponge Longibirotula antiqua gen. et sp. nov. from Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene of Naskal GSI Quarry (India). A–I. Oxeas (slides PGNU/NSKQ/SL-1–13) slim to stout with variably pointed tips. Diagenetic processes affect all spicules to various degree. Scale bars 20 µm. { fig. will be greyscale in printed version}

Fig. 8 in Gyrochorte "highways" and their environmental significance in shallow-marine sediments

Fig. 8. Gyrochorte "highways" documenting a sequorichnial behaviour of the producers from different localities. A, B. Agrio Formation, Cretaceous, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. A. Bed surface showing interference ripples cross-cut by Spongeliomorpha ichsp. (Sp). B. Ripple-trough fill reworked by Chondrites ichsp. (Ch) producers (black doted lines). C. Lajas Formation, Upper Jurassic, Neuquén Basin, Argentina; converging (black arrows), diverging white arrows), and overlapping Gyrochorte ichsp. (white doted line). D. Middle Jurassic, Helvetic realm, exact location not recorded, Switzerland (NMB O157) showing parallel Gyrochorte ichsp., 2 parallel traces (white doted line between them), 3 parallel traces (black doted line between them). Specimens A–C left in the field.

Fig. 6 in Gyrochorte "highways" and their environmental significance in shallow-marine sediments

Fig. 6. Trace fossils co-occurring with "burrowing highways" of Gyrochorte ichsp. A. Mutual cross-cutting of Gyrochorte ichsp. (1, 2) and Phycosiphon incertum Fischer-Ooster, 1856 (Ph) exhibiting typical elbow-shaped turns (white arrows); Gyrochorte comosa Heer, 1865 overprinting Phycosiphon ichsp. (1, white doted line; bilobate crest of Gyrochorte well visible); Phycosiphon ichsp. overprinted by G. comosa (2, white doted line; bilobate crest of Gyrochorte ichsp. not clearly developed while bioturbated); G. comosa showing transition to Gyrochorte variabilis Fürsich, Alberti, and Pandey, 2017 expressed by fan-like appearance (shift of causative tube marked by black arrow). B. Gyrochorte comosa associated with Ptychoplasma ichsp. (P); sequorichnial behaviour of several Gyrochorte ichsp. producers is evidenced by parallel and/or overlapping traces (parallel traces, white doted lines; diverging/converging traces, white arrows). C. Parallel Gyrochorte comosa showing sequorichial behaviour (white arrows) associated with bivalve trace Siphonichnus ichsp. (b) (surrounded by black doted line) and cross-section of Lockeia ichsp. (surrounded by white doted line); G. comosa showing transition to G. variabilis expressed by fan-like appearance (shift of causative tube marked by black arrow). All specimens left in the field.

Fig. 4 in Gyrochorte "highways" and their environmental significance in shallow-marine sediments

Fig. 4. Different ichnospecies of Gyrochorte encountered in the Mulichinco Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Puerto Curaco, Neuquén Province, Argentina field photographs). A. Two parallel Gyrochorte comosa Heer, 1865 (black arrows, lower left), one continuing as such (black arrow, upper right), and one diverging from parallel course and becoming Gyrochorte variabilis Fürsich, Alberti, and Pandey, 2017 (shift of causative tube indicated by white arrow). B. Gyrochorte variabilis exhibiting circular, slightly bilobate pads (black arrows). C. Gyrochorte variabilis composed of elongate pads (black arrow) becoming oblique with slight zigzag pattern (white arrow). For details about G. variabilis see Fürsich et al. (2017). All specimens left in the field.

Fig. 3. Trace fossil Gyrochorte comosa Heer, 1865 in Gyrochorte "highways" and their environmental significance in shallow-marine sediments

Fig. 3. Trace fossil Gyrochorte comosa Heer, 1865 on bed surfaces structured by wave ripples; Mulichinco Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Puerto Curaco, Neuquén Province, Argentina (field photographs). A. Gyrochorte comosa on bed surface exhibiting parallel-crested, symmetric ripples. B. Parallelcrested, slightly asymmetric ripples traversed by G. comosa being more frequent at the stoss-side and the crest of the ripples. C. Bed surface structured by interfering symmetric ripples documenting sequorichnial behaviour of G. comosa producers (black arrows, "converging" traces; white arrows, "diverging" traces); note acute angle between diverging or converging traces. D. Bed surface exhibiting parallel-crested, slightly asymmetric ripples; G. comosa is overtopped by sand at the lee side of the ripples (white arrows). All specimens left in the field.

Fig. 1 in Gyrochorte "highways" and their environmental significance in shallow-marine sediments

Fig. 1. Location map (based on Schwarz 2012), asterisk marks the study area within the Neuquén Basin (highlighted) while the inset refers to the location of the detailed map within South America.

Fig. 7 in Gyrochorte "highways" and their environmental significance in shallow-marine sediments

Fig. 7. "Burrowing highways" of Gyrochorte comosa Heer, 1865 in the Mulichinco Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Puerto Curaco, Neuquén Province, Argentina (field photographs). Crowded parallel and overlapping G. comosa concentrated at ripple crest (A–E). Note acute angle between sequorichnial Gyrochorte ichsp. (arrows, traces converging to and diverging from a parallel course; doted lines, parallel/overlapping traces). All specimens left in the field.

Figure 5 in Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Figure 5: Partial m/z 178, 202 and 228 mass chromatograms showing the distribution of common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the aromatic fraction.

Figure 4 in Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Figure 4: Partial m/z 191 and 217 mass chromatograms used in calculation of sterane/hopane ratio. A ratio of 0.03 indicates that a very significant proportion of overall biomass in the lake was derived from bacteria.

Figure 2 in Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Figure 2: An uncommon example of disarticulation of a fish carcass, collected during an excavation of the Koonwarra Fossil Beds led by Tom Rich in 2013. This specimen was collected approximately 5 m from the bottom of the unit (defined here as the first> 20 cm thick unit of green siltstone/mudstone; the underlying rocks are predominantly cross-bedded, fluviatile arkosic sandstone).

Figure 3 in Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Figure 3: Saturate fraction total ion chromatogram and m/z 85 mass chromatogram showing distribution and relative abundances of n-alkanes and isoprenoids pristane and phytane.

Figure 1 in Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

Figure 1: Location of the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Beds in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia

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Figure 2 in Polychaete assemblages associated with the invasive green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha and surrounding bare sediment patches in Hawaii

Figure 2. nMDS ordinations of polychaete assemblages: A, using data of all taxa; B, bubbles indicating abundance in number of individuals; C, bubbles indicating values of Shannon–Wiener diversity; D, bubbles indicating values of Pielou's Evenness.

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Figure 1 in Polychaete assemblages associated with the invasive green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha and surrounding bare sediment patches in Hawaii

Figure 1. Map of the study area showing the algae ('A' stations; circles) and sediment stations ('S' stations; squares).

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FIGURE 8 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 8 Digital reconstructions of Heteropsammia specimens based on Micro CT scans. A–E: H. moretonensis (HmKTa). A–C) a series of three transverse slices, from calice margin and base of fossa (A, B) and finally base of corallite with sipunculan chamber visible (C–D) lateral slice with yellow dashed lines denoting the position of slices in A–C, E) reconstructed view within coral, with sipunculan chamber and efferent pore channels projecting laterally. F–J: H. cochlea (KTa). F–H) a series of three transverse slices, from calice margin and base of fossa (F, G) and finally base of corallite with sipunculan chamber visible (C); I, J: lateral and top down (I and Downloaded from Brill.com 06/21/2024 06:29:01PM J, respectively) view into coralliteviawith Openvariable Access. This opacityisand an open sipunculanaccesschamber article distributed under the terms visible. Scale bars: 2.5 mm. of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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FIGURE 1 in Biodiversity, ecology, and taxonomy of sediment-dwelling Dendrophylliidae (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Thailand

FIGURE 1 Map of survey sites in the Gulf of Thailand; A) Koh Samaesan; B) Hin Chalam; C) Koh Mun Nai; D) Koh Mun Klang; E) Site HYE21; F) Koh Mun Nok; G) Sai Nuan; H) Tao Tong; I) Taa Chaa; J) Leuk Bay; K) Tanote Bay.