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FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus

FIGURE 2. Diagram of laterosensory system of the head of Pseudoscopelus. Lateral-line canals: ESC, epiphyseal branch of supraorbital sensory canal; IO, infraorbital canal; MD, mandibular canal; MDP-5, 5th mandibular-canal pore; OT, otic canal; PrO, preopercular canal; SN, supranasal pore; SO, supraorbital canal; ST, supratemporal canal; T temporal canal; TR, trunk canal. Osteological abbreviations are as follows: den, dentary; ext, extrascapular; fr, frontal; io 1-6, infraorbitals 1-6; mx, maxilla; mst, mesethmoid; lls, lateral-line scale; na, nasal; pa, parietal; pmx, premaxilla; pop, preopercle; pto, pterotic; ptt, posttemporal; so, supraoccipital.

FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus

FIGURE 5. Dentition pattern of Pseudoscopelus lavenbergi, based on LACM 30573-1, paratype: (A) premaxilla, and (B) dentary; the tooth arrangement is above, and the tooth insertion sites are below, with circles proportional to the toothbase diameter. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus

FIGURE 1. Morphometric landmarks on Pseudoscopelus, defined as follows: (1) tip of snout, at anterior edge of premaxilla; (2) posterior border of caudal peduncle, at insertion of caudal-fin rays; (3) posterior angle of opercle; (4) posterior tip of maxilla; (5) anterior tip of lower jaw, at symphysis of dentaries; (6) angle between angular and quadrate; (7) anterior margin of orbit; (8) posterior margin of orbit; (9) superior margin of orbit; (10) inferior margin of orbit; (11) anterior nostril; (12) posterior nostril; (13) groove at frontal, dorsal to eye, representing smallest infraorbital distance excluding infraorbital 6; (14) edge of frontal, at attachment of preopercle; (15) cheek point, at smallest distance between inferior margin of eye and ventral edge of cheek; (16) insertion of first pectoral-fin ray; (17) insertion of first pelvic-fin ray; (18) tip of longest pectoral-fin ray; (19) tip of longest pelvic-fin ray; (20) insertion of first ray of first dorsal fin; (21) insertion of last ray of first dorsal fin; (22) tip of second ray of first dorsal fin (usually longest); (23) insertion of first ray of second dorsal fin; (24) insertion of last ray of second dorsal fin; (25) tip of last unbranched ray of second dorsal fin (usually longest); (26) insertion of first ray of anal fin; (27) insertion of last ray of anal fin; (28) tip of last unbranched ray of anal fin (usually longest); (29) insertion of first dorsal procurrent caudal-fin ray; (30) insertion of first ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray. For definition of measurements, see Table 3.

FIGURE 10 in Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus

FIGURE 10. Map of distribution of Pseudoscopelus lavenbergi (triangles), and P. bothrorrhinos (circles). A symbol may represent more than one locality.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus

FIGURE 3. Diagram of the photophore groups in Pseudoscopelus. Photophore groups on head are as follows: anteromaxillary photophores (amf); anteropreopercular photophores (apf); dorsonasal photophores (dnf); interorbital photophores (inof 1, 2); longitudinal preopercular photophores (lpf); maxillary photophores (mxf); opercular photophores (opf); posteromandibular photophores (pmf); postorbital photophores (pof); posteropreopercular photophores (ppf); ventronasal photophores (vnf). Photophore groups on body are as follows: isthmus photophores (if); pectoral-fin axillary photophores (paf); pectoral-fin photophores (pf); precaudal-fin photophores (prcf); preventral-fin photophores (prvf); postventral-fin photophores (ptvf); random trunk photophores (rtf); anal-fin photophores (saf); supracaudal-fin photophores (scf); suprapectoral-fin photophores (spf); supraventral-fin photophores (svf); transverse ventral-fin photophores (trf); ventral-fin axillary photophores (vaf); ventral-fin photophores (vf).

FIGURE 8 in Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus

FIGURE 8. Dentition pattern of Pseudoscopelus bothrorrhinos, based on LACM 56616-1, paratype: (A) premaxillary, and (B) dentary; the tooth arrangement is above, and the tooth insertion sites are below, with circles proportional to the tooth-base diameter. Scale bar equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Triaina, a new genus in the Janirellidae Menzies, 1956 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), with two new species from south-eastern Australia, and a new diagnosis for the family

FIGURE 6. Triaina makridonte sp. nov. Holotype, juvenile male. ll, lower lip; md, mandible; r, right; l, left; mx 1–2, maxilla 1 and 2; mxp, maxilliped. Asterisk: some setae omitted.

FIGURE 5 in Triaina, a new genus in the Janirellidae Menzies, 1956 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), with two new species from south-eastern Australia, and a new diagnosis for the family

FIGURE 5. Triaina makridonte sp. nov. Holotype, male. cd, dorsal view of head; p1, pereopod I; pt, ventral view of pleotelson; up, left uropod. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Triaina, a new genus in the Janirellidae Menzies, 1956 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), with two new species from south-eastern Australia, and a new diagnosis for the family

FIGURE 3. Triaina isodonte sp. nov. Holotype, male, except F, female paratype. op, female operculum in situ, oblique view; pl1–pl5, pleopods I–V; pt1, ventral view of pleon with pleopods in place; pt2, ventral view of pleon with pleopods removed, exposing anus.

FIGURE 2 in Triaina, a new genus in the Janirellidae Menzies, 1956 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), with two new species from south-eastern Australia, and a new diagnosis for the family

FIGURE 2. Triaina isodonte sp. nov. Holotype, male. ll, lower lip; md r, right mandible; mx1 and mx2, maxilla 1 and 2; mxp, maxilliped.

FIGURE 1 in Triaina, a new genus in the Janirellidae Menzies, 1956 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota), with two new species from south-eastern Australia, and a new diagnosis for the family

FIGURE 1. Triaina isodonte sp. nov. Holotype, male. Lateral and dorsal views. an, antenna articles 1–4 with antennal scale; au, antennula; cd, dorsal view of head with antennula and antenna; co, oblique anterolateral view of head, antennula and antenna insertions indicated by hatching; cv, ventral view of head; up, uropod. Scale bar for both habitus illustrations: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 A–D. Cosmocephalus capellae, male. A in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 8 A–D. Cosmocephalus capellae, male. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Posterior end, lateral view; C. Right spicule, dextral view; D. Left spicule, sinistral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 μm.

FIGURE 6 A–I. Cosmocephalus obvelatus, SEM. A in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 6 A–I. Cosmocephalus obvelatus, SEM. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); C. Pseudolabia, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Anterior end, apical view; note small pores; E. Deirid; F. Postdeirid. G. Posterior end, male, ventral view; note ventral cuticular ridge, precloacal papillae (arrowheads) and cloaca (arrow). H. Caudal alae, note postcloacal papillae (arrowheads). I. Posterior end, female, lateral view; note phasmid (arrow) and nipple-like projection. Scale bars: A, B, H, I = 50 μm; G = 100 μm; C, F = 20 μm; D, E = 10 μm.

FIGURE 7 A, B in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 7 A, B. Cosmocephalus jaenschi, paratype, male. A. Anterior end, lateral view; B. Posterior end, lateral view. Scale bars: A, B = 100 μm.

FIGURE 5 A–H. Cosmocephalus obvelatus. A in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 5 A–H. Cosmocephalus obvelatus. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Caudal end, female, ventral view; E. Posterior end, female, lateral view; F. Left spicule, sinistral view; G. Egg; H. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A–C, E, F, H = 100 μm; D = 200 μm; G = 25 μm.

FIGURE 3 A–F. Cosmocephalus podicipis n in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 3 A–F. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Vulva; B. Posterior end, female; note nipple-like projection (arrowhead) and, phasmid (arrow); C. Posterior end, male, ventral view. D. Posterior end of male; ventral view; note sessile papillae (white arrowheads), pedunculate papillae (arrows) and phasmids (black arrowheads). E. Precloacal region of tail, ventral view; note papillae (arrowheads) and ventral cuticular ridge (arrow). F. Distal end of left spicule. Scale bars: A, B, F = 10 μm; C, E = 50 μm; D = 20 μm.

FIGURE 2 A–G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 2 A–G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp., female, SEM. A. Anterior end, lateral view; note deirid (arrow); B. Pseudolabium, lateral view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphid (arrow), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); C. Anterior end, apical view; note cephalic papillae (arrowheads), amphids (arrows), cuticular swellings dorsally and ventrally at the bases of the pseudolabia (asterisks); D. Lateral alae; note deirids (arrowheads) and excretory pore (arrow); E. Cuticular plates, detail from the middle part of the descending arm of a cordon; F. Deirid; G. Postdeirid. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C, E–G = 10 μm; D = 50 μm.

FIGURE 1 A–G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 1 A–G. Cosmocephalus podicipis n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Posterior end, male, lateral view; E. Caudal end, female, lateral view; F. Egg; G. Right spicule, dextral view. Scale bars: A–E, G = 100 μm; F = 25 μm.

FIGURE 4 A–G. Cosmocephalus pelecani n in Two new nematode species of the genus Cosmocephalus Molin, 1858 (Spirurida: Acuariidae), with an amended generic diagnosis and an identification key to Cosmocephalus spp.

FIGURE 4 A–G. Cosmocephalus pelecani n. sp. A. Anterior end, female, lateral view; B. Anterior end, male, lateral view; C. Vagina, lateral view; D. Egg; E. Right spicule, dextral view; F. Posterior end, male, lateral view; G. Caudal end, female, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–G = 100 μm; D = 25 μm.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Ptychochromis from northeastern Madagascar (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with an updated phylogeny and revised diagnosis for the genus

FIGURE 7. Lateral pigmentation pattern in preservation for: A) Ptychochromis makira (AMNH 237131, holotype, 151.0 mm SL, adult male), and B) P. ernestmagnusi (AMNH 249488, paratype, 99.5 mm SL, adult). Dashed lines indicate relative adult lateral barring pattern and orientation.