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478 results for “sulfurization”
Morphology rather than surface tension determines CCN activity of submicron inorganic salt/organic oxidized sulfur mixed particles
<p>The measurement data. </p>
Unveiling the Autocatalytic Growth of Li2S Crystals at the Solid-Liquid Interface in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
<p>Electrocatalysts have been extensively employed to suppress the shuttling effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, it remains challenging to probe the sulfur redox reactions and mechanism at the electrocatalyst/LiPS interface after the active sites are covered by the solid discharge products Li2S/Li2S2. Here, we demonstrate the intrinsic autocatalytic activity of the Li2S (100) plane towards lithium polysulfides on single-atom nickel (SANi) electrocatalysts. Guided by theoretical models and experimental data, it is concluded that LiPS dissociates into Li2S2 and short-chain LiPS on the Li2S (100) plane. Subsequently, Li2S2 undergoes further lithiation to Li2S on the Li2S (100) surface, generating a new Li2S (100) layer, thus enabling the autocatalytic formation of a new Li2S (100) surface. Benefiting from the autocatalytic growth of Li2S, the concentration of LiPS in the electrolyte remains at a lower level, enabling Li-S batteries under high loading and low electrolyte conditions to exhibit superior electrochemical performance.</p>
molybdenum and sulfur incorporation as oxyanion substitutional impurities in calcium carbonate minerals: density functional theory data
<p>Provided here are density functional theory research datasets generated using the Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package. Data relates to publication in Chemical Geology, entitled, Molybdenum and sulfur incorporation as oxyanion substitutional impurities in calcium carbonate minerals: A computational investigation. By Scott D Midgley, James O Taylor, Dominik Fleitmann, Ricardo Grau-Crespo. </p> <p>We include here final geometries in .cif format, as well as full OUTCAR files generated in VASP. Using this file, readers can access all details of the DFT simulations reported. </p>
Ecosystem sulfur accumulation following woody encroachment drives a more open S-cycle in a subtropical savanna
<p>Globally widespread woody encroachment into grass-dominated ecosystems has substantial consequences for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles. Despite its significance as an essential macronutrient, however, little is known regarding potential changes in the sulfur (S) cycle. We quantified S concentrations, stoichiometric relationships, and δ<sup>34</sup>S values in the plant-soil environment to investigate landscape-scale changes in the S cycle following grassland-to-woodland transitions in a subtropical savanna. Plant tissues of woody species had significantly higher S concentrations and δ<sup>34</sup>S values than those of herbaceous species, resulting in a landscape-scale correspondence between spatial patterns of S and δ<sup>34</sup>S in surface soils and vegetation distribution, with higher S and δ<sup>34</sup>S in soils beneath woody patches. These patterns were more subtle at soil depths > 5 cm. Woody plants had higher N:S ratios but comparable P:S ratios relative to herbaceous species, which contributed to contrasting spatial patterns between N:S and P:S ratios in surface soils. Sulfur in surface soils increased proportionally less relative to N, but proportionally more compared to P. Our findings indicate that grassland-to-woodland transitions amplify landscape-scale S dynamics, especially in surface soils, and create a S-enriched environment that enables woody plants to acquire sufficient S relative to demand to support their continued productivity and proliferation.</p>
Supporting data for "Correlations between precipitation reactions and electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries"
<p>This is the dataset of electrochemical and operando small-angle and wide-angle scattering experiments for our publication "Correlations between precipitation reactions and electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries probed by operando scattering techniques". The title of the article was changed in the revision process while this dataset was already published. This archive contains the raw data and scripts written in R used in the analysis and presentation of the results in this manuscript.</p> <p><strong>Abstract for the manuscript:</strong></p> <p>A comprehensive description of electrochemical processes in the positive electrode of lithium-sulfur batteries is crucial for the utiliza- tion of active material. However, the discharge mechanisms are complicated due to various reactions in multiple phases and the tor- tuosity of the highly porous carbon matrix. In this work, simulta- neous measurements of small-angle and wide-angle scattering and cell resistance are performed on operating lithium-sulfur cells. Re- sults indicate that precipitates grow mostly in number, not in size, and that the structure of the carbon matrix is not affected. The com- parison of the small-angle and wide-angle scattering reveals the amorphous discharge products found at a low discharge rate. Further analysis demonstrates the correlation between the diffusion resistance and the compositional change of electrolyte in the meso- pores at the end of discharge, which suggests that Li-ion deficiency is the limiting factor for sulfur utilization at a medium discharge rate.</p>
Stability of Nucleic Acid Bases in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid: Implications for the Habitability of Venus' Clouds
<p><strong>Supplementary datasets for the article accepted in PNAS entitled: </strong>Stability of Nucleic Acid Bases in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid: Implications for the Habitability of Venus’ Clouds.</p> <p>Dataset S1. Dataset S1 contains original UV-Vis data. </p> <p>The folder “UV-VIS_plots-data-code-tables DATASET S1.zip” contains the original UV-Vis data</p> <p>Dataset S2. Dataset S2 contains original NMR data. </p> <p>The folder “ORIGINAL NMR DATA_DATASET S2.zip” contains the original NMR data.<br> </p>
Fig. 8. Ochrathinols A in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production
Fig. 8. Ochrathinols A (±)-1 compensated the NAD+/NADH ratio induced by LPS. Cells were exposed to 0.1 μg/mL LPS and co-treated with compounds of (±)-1 (10 μM) for 24 h. Intracellular NAD+/NADH ratios were determined by NAD+/NADH assay kit. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P <0.05, ****P <0.001 vs. LPS group, n = 3. P value was assessed by two-tailed Student's t-test.
Fig. 7 in Ochrathinols A and B, two pairs of sulfur-containing racemates from an Antarctic fungus Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis SCSIO 05702 inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO production
Fig. 7. Anti-inflammation activity of ochrathinols A and B ((±)-1, (±)-2). Cells were exposed to 0.1 μg/mL LPS and co-treated with compounds of (+)-1, ()-1, (±)-1, (+)-2, ()-2, (±)-2 (10 μM) for 24 h, respectively. (A) (±)-1 reduced the release of LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in culture medium, n = 3. (B) qPCR analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines genes (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1) normalized by β-actin, n = 3. All data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ns, P> 0.05, *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.005, ****P <0.001 vs. LPS group; #P <0.05, ##P <0.01, ###P <0.005, ####P <0.001 vs. control group, n = 3. P value was assessed by two-tailed Student's t-test.
Fig. 3 in Prenylated cyclohexene-type meroterpenoids and sulfur-containing xanthones produced by Pseudopestalotiopsis theae
Fig. 3. Mosher model for (methoxyphenyl)acetic acid MPA ester and Δδ (δR – δS) values (in ppm) derived from the chemical shifts of the (R)-MPA and (S)-MPA esters of 1A.
Fig. 6 in Prenylated cyclohexene-type meroterpenoids and sulfur-containing xanthones produced by Pseudopestalotiopsis theae
Fig. 6. Experimental ECD spectrum of 3 measured in MeCN compared with the Boltzmann-weighted PBE0/TZVP PCM/MeCN ECD spectrum of (1R,2R,3S,4S)-3 computed for the ωB97X/TZVP PCM/MeCN conformers. Bars represent the rotational strength values of the lowest-energy conformer.
Fig. 4 in Effect of selenium-sulfur interaction on the anabolism of sulforaphane in broccoli
Fig. 4. Expression levels of genes in glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway in broccoli florets under S (4 mM), Se (0, 100 μM) treatment. white bars, 0 μM Se treatment; red bars, 100 μM Se treatment. Bars represent arithmetic means; error bars represent SD from three independent experiments. Values with asterisk are significantly different at p <0.05. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1. Total S in Effect of selenium-sulfur interaction on the anabolism of sulforaphane in broccoli
Fig. 1. Total S content of leaf (A) and florets (B), total Se content of leaves (C) and florets (D) under S (1, 4 mM), Se (0, 50, 100, 150 μM) treatment. Blue bars, 0 μM Se treatment; red bars, 50 μM Se treatment; green bars, 100 μM Se treatment; yellow bars, 150 μM Se treatment. Bars represent arithmetic means; error bars represent SD from three independent experiments. Values with different letters are significantly different at p <0.01. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Effect of selenium-sulfur interaction on the anabolism of sulforaphane in broccoli
Fig. 3. Myrosinase activity (A) and sulforaphane content (B) in broccoli florets under S (1, 4 mM), Se (0, 50, 100, 150 μM) treatment. Blue bars, 0 μM Se treatment; red bars, 50 μM Se treatment; green bars, 100 μM Se treatment; yellow bars, 150 μM Se treatment. Bars represent arithmetic means; error bars represent SD from three independent experiments. Values with different letters are significantly different at p <0.05. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Effect of selenium-sulfur interaction on the anabolism of sulforaphane in broccoli
Fig. 2. Methionine, Met (A) and Semethylselenocysteine, Se-SMC (B) content in broccoli florets under S (1,4 mM), Se (0, 50, 100, 150 μM) treatment. Blue bars, 0 μM Se treatment; red bars, 50 μM Se treatment; green bars, 100 μM Se treatment; yellow bars, 150 μM Se treatment. Bars represent arithmetic means; error bars represent SD from three independent experiments. Values with different letters are significantly different at p <0.05. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Effect of selenium-sulfur interaction on the anabolism of sulforaphane in broccoli
Fig. 5. General overview of metabolites content, myrosinase activity and genes expression changes with S and Se treatment; red, increase; purple, no change; green, decrease; Cys, Cysteine; Met, Methionine; Se–MSC, Se–methylselenocysteine; 4–MBA, 2–Oxo–4–methylthiobutanoic acid; 6–MHA, 2–Oxo–6–methylthio hexanoic acid; DM, Dihomomethionine; MPO, 5–Methylthiopentanaldoxime; 5–MPTO–L–cys, S–(5–Methylthiopentylthiohydroximoyl)–L–cysteine; 5–MPTO, 5–Methylthiopentylthiohydroximate, 4–MB–desulGL, 4–Methylthiobutyl–desulfoglucosinolate; 4–MB–GL, 4–Methylthiobutyl glucosinolate; RAA, glucoraphanin; SF, sulforaphane. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Stimulation of insulin secretion by 5-methylcoumarins and its sulfur analogues isolated from Clutia lanceolata Forssk
Fig. 3. Effects of test compounds (from Clutia lanceoleta) on the glucose-triggered secretion of insulin from murine islets. Islets were incubated for 1 h at 37 °C in KRB buffer containing glucose (16.7 mM) in the absence (Control) or presence of test compounds and the secreted insulin was measured. Values are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001 compared with the control value.
Fig. 2. X-Ray crystal structures determined for 1,8,9,11,12,14–17,19,20 in Stimulation of insulin secretion by 5-methylcoumarins and its sulfur analogues isolated from Clutia lanceolata Forssk
Fig. 2. X-Ray crystal structures determined for 1,8,9,11,12,14–17,19,20. Atoms are shown as thermal ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level.
Fig. 1 in Stimulation of insulin secretion by 5-methylcoumarins and its sulfur analogues isolated from Clutia lanceolata Forssk
Fig. 1. Structures of 5-methylcoumarins isolated from Clutia lanceolata. Compounds 1–13 are undescribed, whereas 14–21 are known but are isolated from this plant for the first time. Also shown is the chemical numbering scheme for the ring and its substituents.
Fig. 7. HPTLC chromatograms under white light after anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid derivatization. 1 in Metabolic variation in Cistus monspeliensis L. ecotypes correlated to their plant-fungal interactions
Fig. 7. HPTLC chromatograms under white light after anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid derivatization. 1 (A): blend of methanol extracts from all rock-rose (Cistus monspeliensis L.) ecotypes samples, 2: 8,15-labdanediol, 3: 8-hydroxylabdan-15-oic acid, 4: 18-methyl ester-clerodan-15-oic acid, 5: myricetin 3,7,4′,5′-tetramethyl ether, and 6: 8-hydroxylabdan-15-oic acid methyl ester. Chemical structures of the metabolites used for co-HPTLC. 8,15-labdanediol (1), 8-hydroxylabdan-15-oic acid (2), 8-hydroxylabdan-15-oic acid methyl ester (3), 18-oic acid methyl ester-clerodan-l5-oic acid (4) and myricetin 3,7,4′,5′-tetramethyl ether (5).
Fig. 3 in Bioactive sulfur-containing compounds from Xanthium sibiricum, including a revision of the structure of xanthiazinone
Fig. 3. Perspective drawing of the X-ray structures of 1–3, 5, and 7 (with thermal ellipsoid probability of 30%).
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