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334 results for “temporal variation”
Data from: Simple metrics to characterize inter-individual and temporal variation in habitat selection behaviour
<p>1. Individual variation in habitat selection and movement behavior is receiving growing attention, but primarily with respect to characterizing behaviors in different contexts as opposed to decomposing structure in behavior within populations. This focus may be limiting advances in understanding the diversity of individual behavior and its influence on population organization. We propose a framework for characterizing variation in space-use behavior with the aim of advancing interpretation of its form and function.</p> <p>2. Using outputs from integrated Step Selection Analyses of 20 years of telemetry data from African elephants (<em>Loxodonta Africana</em>), we developed four metrics characterizing differentiation in resource selection behavior within a population [specialization (magnitude of the response independent of direction), heterogeneity (inter-individual variation), consistency (temporal shift in response) and reversal (frequency of directional changes in the response)].</p> <p>3. We contrast insight from the developed metrics relative to the mean population response using an example focused on two covariates. We then expanded this contrast by evaluating if the metrics identify structurally important information on seasonal shifts in resource selection behaviors in addition to that provided by mean selection coefficients through Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) and a random forest classification.</p> <p>4. The simplified example highlighted that for some covariates focusing on the population average failed to capture complex individual variation in behaviors. The PCAs revealed that the developed metrics provided additional information in explaining the patterns in elephant selection beyond that offered by population average covariate values. For elephants, specialization and heterogeneity were informative, with specialization often being a better descriptor of differences in seasonal resource selection behavior than population average responses. Summarizing these metrics spatially and temporally, we illustrate how these metrics can provide insights on overlooked aspects of animal behavior.</p> <p>5. Our work offers a new approach in how we conceptualize variation in space-use behavior (i.e., habitat selection and movement) by providing ways of encapsulating variation that enables diagnoses of the drivers of individual level variability in a population. <span>The developed metrics explicitly distill how variation in a behavior is structured among individuals and over time which could facilitate comparative work across time, populations, or strata within populations.</span></p>
What doesn't kill you can make you stronger: variation in plasticity in response to early temporally heterogeneous hydrological experience
<p><span>Temporally heterogeneous environments may drive rapid and continuous plastic responses, leading to highly variable plasticity in traits. However, direct experimental evidence for such meta-plasticity due to environmental heterogeneity is rare.</span></p> <p><span>Our objective was to investigate the effects of early experience with temporally heterogeneous water availability on the subsequent plasticity of plant species in response to water conditions.</span></p> <p><span>We subjected</span><span> eight plant species</span><span> from three habitats</span><span>, four exotic and four native to North America,</span><span> to initial exposure to either a first round of alternating drought and inundation treatment (</span><span>E<sub>het</sub></span><span>, temporally heterogeneous experience) or a consistently moderate water supply (</span><span>E<sub>hom</sub></span><span>, homogeneous experience), and to a second round of drought, moderate watering or inundation treatments. Afterwards the performance in a series of traits of these species, after the first and second rounds of treatments, was measured. </span></p> <p><span>Compared to E<sup>hom</sup>, E<sub>het</sub> increased final mean total mass of all species considered together, but did not affect mean mortality. E<sub>het</sub> relative to E<sub>hom</sub>, decreased the initial total mass of native species as a group, but increased the mass of exotic species or species from hydric habitats; E<sub>het</sub> also increased the late growth of natives, but did not for exotics, and increased the late growth of mesic species more than xeric and hydric species.</span></p> <div> <p><span>Our results suggest that previous</span> <span>exposure to temporal heterogeneity in water supply may be not beneficial immediately, but can be beneficial for plant growth and response to water stress later in a plant's lifetime.</span> <span>Heterogeneous experiences may not necessarily enhance the degree of plasticity, but may improve the expression of plasticity in terms of better performance later,</span><span> effects of which differ for different groups of species, suggesting species-specific strategies for dealing with fluctuating abiotic environments. </span></p> <p><span><em>Synthesis</em>.</span><span> Previous </span><span>temporally heterogeneous experience can benefits plant growth later in life though modulating the expression of plasticity</span><span>, leading to adaptive meta-plasticity</span><span>. </span><span>Studies of meta-plasticity </span><span>may not only improve</span><span> our understanding of the importance of variable plasticity in relation how plants </span><span>cope with environmental challenges, but also </span><span>the costs versus benefits of plastic responses and its limits over the long term.</span></p> </div>
Data from: A time series model for estimating temporal variation in phenotypic selection on laying dates in a Dutch great tit population
[No abstract entered]
Quantification of spatio-temporal variation of aquaculture area in Satkhira, Bangladesh: Using Geospatial and social survey data
<p>This data shows the NDWI and MNDWI processed data of satkhira</p>
Fig. 4 in Spatio-temporal variation of the invasive copepod Oithona davisae in the zooplankton community of Kavala harbour Abstract
Fig. 4: Contribution (%) of Oithona davisae and Oithona nana to the rest of the adult copepods of the zooplankton community collected with the 50 and 200 μm net.
Figure 11 in Spatial and temporal variations of fish communities in the longitudinal gradient of the Mono River (Benin and Togo: West Africa)
Figure 11. – Diagram of eigenvalues (A) and the factorial discriminant analysis performed on the clusters (n = 3) established by the self-organizing map and the environmental variables (n = 17) (B). The barycentre of samples from the same cluster are marked with the Roman numeral (I, IIa, IIb) of that cluster's name.
Figure 8 in Spatial and temporal variations of fish communities in the longitudinal gradient of the Mono River (Benin and Togo: West Africa)
Figure 8. – Classification of samples using occurrence data through the learning process of the self-organizing map. The defined clusters are numbered I, IIa, and IIb. Dj, To, Co, Ad, Ma, Ds, At, Ak, Al, and Ac are the site codes (see Tab. I). Numbers 1 through 4 correspond to the samples. Numbers 1 through 20 in the corner represent the node numbers.
Figure 10 in Spatial and temporal variations of fish communities in the longitudinal gradient of the Mono River (Benin and Togo: West Africa)
Figure 10. – Boxplot comparing fish species richness in the three clusters defined by the self-organizing map.
Figure 9 in Spatial and temporal variations of fish communities in the longitudinal gradient of the Mono River (Benin and Togo: West Africa)
Figure 9. – Fish species distribution patterns in each cluster defined by the hierarchical clustering applied to the self-organizing map units. Dark colour represents a high probability of occurrence, and light colour indicates a lower probability.
Figure 1 in Spatial and temporal variations of fish communities in the longitudinal gradient of the Mono River (Benin and Togo: West Africa)
Figure 1. – Study area (A) with sampling sites (B). Black bar, Nangbéto dam; Gray bar, future Adjarala dam; Ac, Atchinédji; Ad, Adjarala; Ak, Akodéseva; Al, Albarkazé; At, Atakè; Co, Codjohoué; Dj, Djonnougui; Ds, Djossouhoué; Ma, Mayoudji; To, Togodo.
Figure 4 in Spatial and temporal variations of fish communities in the longitudinal gradient of the Mono River (Benin and Togo: West Africa)
Figure 4. – Spatial variations (average and standard deviation) in the Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou equitability indices. Site order follows the upstream-downstream gradient.
FIGURE 3 in Spatial and temporal variation of the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Characiformes: Characidae) in streams of the Eastern Amazon
FIGURE 3 | Ordination of the diet of Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus between hydrological periods in eight streams of a protected area in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil.
FIGURE 1 in Spatial and temporal variation of the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Characiformes: Characidae) in streams of the Eastern Amazon
FIGURE 1 | Streams sampled during the dry period of 2010 and the flood period of 2011 in the Caxiuanã National Forest, Eastern Amazon, State of Pará, Brazil.
Figure 5 from: Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Rodríguez JP, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Contador T, Pizarro G, Mansilla A (2018) Trophic ecology of two coexisting Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: Spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata in the Sub-Antarctic Ecoregion of Magellan . ZooKeys 738: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.21175
Figure 5 Light microscope and stereomicroscope images of microalgae, macroalgae and invertebrates taken from gut contents of Nacella deaurata.
Figure 4 from: Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Rodríguez JP, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Contador T, Pizarro G, Mansilla A (2018) Trophic ecology of two coexisting Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: Spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata in the Sub-Antarctic Ecoregion of Magellan . ZooKeys 738: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.21175
Figure 4 Light microscope and stereomicroscope images of microalgae, macroalgae and invertebrates taken from gut contents of Nacella magellanica.
Figure 3 from: Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Rodríguez JP, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Contador T, Pizarro G, Mansilla A (2018) Trophic ecology of two coexisting Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: Spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata in the Sub-Antarctic Ecoregion of Magellan . ZooKeys 738: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.21175
Figure 3 Non-metric multidimensional scaling of the dietary composition recorded in the gut contents of the Nacella species in Puerto del Hambre (a, c) and Otway Sound (b, d). a, b correspond to the winter months, and c, d to the summer months. The dashed line indicates the separation between species.
Figure 2 from: Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Rodríguez JP, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Contador T, Pizarro G, Mansilla A (2018) Trophic ecology of two coexisting Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: Spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata in the Sub-Antarctic Ecoregion of Magellan . ZooKeys 738: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.21175
Figure 2 Percentage contribution SIMPER of items in the gut contents of the Nacella species in Puerto del Hambre and Otway Sound for the winter and summer months. The contribution limit was 90% of the total dietary composition. SIMPER analysis shows the dissimilarity between the species of Nacella in the two localities (average dissimilarity in bold and on the bar). The contribution limit was 75% of the total dietary composition. M = Macroalgae (with colours) and I = Invertebrates (with grey scale). Structural hardness of the thallus for macroalgae: th = thin filaments, cf = corticated filaments, clf = cylinder-like form and lm= leathery macrophyte. Functional group for invertebrates: s = sessile and m = mobile.
Figure 1 from: Rosenfeld S, Marambio J, Ojeda J, Rodríguez JP, González-Wevar C, Gerard K, Contador T, Pizarro G, Mansilla A (2018) Trophic ecology of two coexisting Sub-Antarctic limpets of the genus Nacella: Spatio-temporal variation in food availability and diet composition of Nacella magellanica and N. deaurata in the Sub-Antarctic Ecoregion of Magellan . ZooKeys 738: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.738.21175
Figure 1 Location of study sites, circle = Puerto del Hambre and square = Otway Sound. Abbreviations: a, d general view of both localities b, e images of the middle intertidal c, f images of the lower intertidal.
Figure 3 in Diversity and temporal variation of brown lacewings (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) from Atlantic rainforest areas in southeastern Brazil
Figure 3 Habitus of collected species of Hemerobius Linnaeus, 1758 (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) and their geographical distribution in Neotropics; red circles = previous records, red stars = new records. A-B, H. hernandezi Monserrat, 1996. C-D, H. nigridorsus Monserrat, 1996. E-F, H. withycombei (Kimmins, 1928).
Figure 9 in Diversity and temporal variation of brown lacewings (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) from Atlantic rainforest areas in southeastern Brazil
Figure 9 Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) collected with Malaise trap in five areas in the Atlantic rainforest of São Paulo state, Brazil, between October 2009 and December 2011. A, Diversity (Bootstrap). B, Venn diagram. PEI = Parque Estadual Intervales, PEMD = Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, PESM/NSV = Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, PESM/NP = Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba and EEJI = Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.