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opennotspecifiedJul 2017View details →

FIGURE 6 in A diamond in the rough desert shrublands of the Great Basin in the Western United States: A new cryptic toad species (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo (Anaxyrus)) discovered in Northern Nevada

FIGURE 6. Major and minor groups identified: Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree constructed from analyses from unique haplotype sequences of 1622bp fragment of the control region of the mitochondrial genome (Fig. 1b; n = 308). Posterior probabilities are shown. Haplotype number (n = 72) and sampling locality comprise terminal ends of tree and two haplotypes of the root are shown. Minor groups include localized species: Bufo (Anaxyrus) nelsoni (green), B. exsul (orange), B. canorus (purple), B. williamsi (red) and undescribed divergent species (black). Large bars identify major groups, which include populations of B. boreas, sampled within the hydrological Great Basin (Fig. 1b).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Minimizing habitat conflicts in meeting net-zero energy targets in the western United States

<p>This dataset contains spatial and non-spatial input and output data generated for and from the <a href="https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/tackle-climate-change/climate-change-stories/power-of-place/">Power of Place West</a> study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS). See readme pdf for more details. </p>

FIG. 7 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])

FIG. 7. Photographs of Bufo (Anaxyrus) monfontanus, new species, holotype (CAS 259273). Male toad in life: (A) dorsal view and (B) ventral view; and in preservative: (C) dorsal view and (D) ventral view. Photographs taken by M. R. Gordon.

FIG. 4 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])

FIG. 4. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of region-wide B. boreas species complex diversity. Tree reconstruction included sequence data (Table 3) from B. boreas outside the Great Basin to evaluate the relationships between toads from Hot Creek and Railroad Valley and Utah and Colorado toads using the maximum likelihood method. Minor and major groups identified. Terminal ends include haplotype number and locality of collection. Sequences of B. boreas from outside the Great Basin (Table 3) include this taxon name within terminal end identifier. Minor groups include localized species within the Great Basin: B. nelsoni (green), B. exsul (orange), B. canorus (purple), B. williamsi (red), and newly delimited species, B. monfontanus (mauve) and B. nevadensis (pink), of the major group identified as the Eastern Great Basin clade (black bar). Two haplotypes of the root are shown. See Data Accessibility for tree file.

FIG. 5 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])

FIG. 5. Distribution of B. boreas and Great Basin B. boreas species complex. (A) The range-wide distribution of Bufo boreas shown in brown with hydrologic Great Basin outlined in black and hash mark interior within the western United States (Gordon et al., 2017). (B) Bufo boreas species complex and new species shown within hydrologic Great Basin, illustrating the small ranges of localized endemics. Spatial data for all toads except B. williamsi, B. nevadensis, and B. monfontanus provided by IUCN (2015). Images taken by M. R. Gordon except B. canorus, with photo credit to G. Nafis.

FIG. 2 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])

FIG. 2. Discriminant function analysis (DFA). Cross validated DFA using 14 size-corrected morphological characters measured from 518 live adult toads (Fig. 1A) examined within the hydrological Great Basin B. boreas species complex. Species identified as B. boreas (red), B. nelsoni (brown), B. exsul (dark green), B. williamsi (light blue), B. nevadensis (light green), and B. monfontanus (dark blue).

FIG. 3 in Two New Cryptic Endemic Toads of Bufo Discovered in Central Nevada, Western United States (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo [Anaxyrus])

FIG. 3. Molecular examination of B. boreas species complex. (A) The TCS haplotype network was constructed using 257 sequences (1,622 bp) obtained from toad sampling (Fig. 1B) resulting in 62 unique haplotypes. Circle sizes correspond with the number of individuals of a particular haplotype. Major haplotype clades identified within B. boreas (W–Western Great Basin [yellow], HL–Humboldt-Lahontan [blue], and S–Mojave [aqua]) and to localized species (B. canorus [purple], B. exsul [tan], B. nelsoni [orange], B. williamsi [red]) and highlight the genetic divergence of both B. nevadensis (mauve) and B. monfontanus (brown). (B) Maximum likelihood tree derived from the control region of mitochondrial genome. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50% bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein, 1985). See Data Accessibility for tree file.

FIG. 7 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 7. {Lophionotus kanabensis from the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, AMNH 8871. (A) Skull in dorsal view, (B) drawing of skull in dorsal view. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIG. 5 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 5. {Lophionotus chinleana, new species, from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, AMNH 5682, latex peel of complete specimen in left lateral view. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIG. 4 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 4. {Lophionotus chinleana, new species, from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, UMNH VP 19417 skull in left lateral view. Stippled areas indicate sensory canals preserved on the specimen. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIG. 8 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 8. Phylogenetic relationships of ginglymodian fishes based on a strict (left) and 50-percent majority rule (right) consensus tree from 16 equally parsimonious trees. Unambiguous synapomorphies occurring in each of the 16 trees are indicated on the strict consensus, with symmetric bootstrap frequencies for clades indicated on the 50-percent majority rule consensus tree. (A) {Semionotidae; (B) {Semionotiformes; (C) Lepisosteiformes; (D) Ginglymodi.

FIG. 6 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 6. {Lophionotus kanabensis from the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation. Type specimen AMNH 8870 in (A) dorsal view of skull; (B) right lateral view of skull; (C) drawing of skull right lateral view, stippled areas indicate visible sensory canals, grayed areas indicate sensory pores; (D) left lateral view of skull; (E) right oblique view of complete specimen; (F) ventral view of caudal fin. All scale bars equal approximately 1 cm.

FIG. 3 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 3. {Lophionotus chinleana, new species, from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, UMNH VP 19417 drawing, outline of general body form shown with dashed line, stippled areas on skull indicate preserved sensory canals. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIG. 2 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 2. {Lophionotus chinleana, new species, from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, UMNH VP 19417 in (A) left lateral view of complete specimen, (B) close-up of skull region; UMNH VP 19418 in (C) left lateral view of complete skeleton, (D) close-up of skull region. All scale bars equal 1 cm.

FIG. 1 in Biodiversity and Evolutionary History of Lophionotus (Neopterygii: Semionotiformes) from the Western United States

FIG. 1. (A) Locality map of Lisbon Valley, Utah (indicated by black square on inset), showing localities (approximate) for specimens of {Lophionotus chinleana, new species. Walt's Quarry, the type locality for {L. chinleana, new species, is indicated. Kanab, Utah, the type locality for {L. kanabensis, is indicated on inset. (B) Generalized stratigraphic column for the Chinle Formation in Lisbon Valley, Utah. Specimens of {L. chinleana, new species, were collected from the Walt's Quarry horizon.

FIGURES 70–71 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 70–71: Cyclotella jonesii. LM. Figure 70 is of Morphotype 1. Figure 71 is of Morphotype 2. Scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURES 64–69 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 64–69: Cyclotella pseudokansasica. SEM. Figures 64, 65. External valve views. Prominent spines or spine bases are located about the periphery of the valves. Multiseriate fascicles alternate with thick costae. Openings of the marginal fultoportulae are located near the base of the mantle. Scale bars = 1 µm. Figures 66–69. Internal valve views. The valves have a few to several scattered central areolae, and marginal fultoportulae positioned on every second or third costa. Scale bars = 1 µm (in figs 64–66, 68, 69). Scale bar = 2µm (in fig. 67).

FIGURES 56–63 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 56–63: Cyclotella pseudokansasica. LM. Valve views showing size diminution series. Fig. 61. Holotype. Scale bar = 5 µm.

FIGURES 50–55 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 50–55: Cyclotella stoermeri. SEM. Figures 50–52. External valve views. Fascicles are comprised of 1–3 rows of small areolae. The ribs are thickened and elevated, becoming thinner on the valve mantle. The valve center has enlarged areolae. Scale bars = 10 and 3 µm, respectively. Figures 53–55, internal valve views. Complex and simple alveolae are positioned around the perimeter of the valves. Thick and thin costae are evident, and marginal fultoportulae are evident on the recessed costae. Rimportulae are positioned also on the recessed costae. Areolae with domed cribra are evident in the center of the valves. Scale bars = 3, 2 and 1 µm, respectively.

FIGURES 32–37 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 32–37: Cyclotella discostelliformica. SEM. Figures 32, 33. External views showing valves with sunken and elevated central areas, respectively. Fascicles are composed of 2–5 rows of areolae. Openings of the marginal fultoportulae are located at or near the thickened ribs. They lack tubes or thickenings. The central portion of the valves have isolated areolae, that are larger than those of the fascicles. Scale bars = 1 µm. Figures 34–37. Internal valve views showing a single central fultoportula with 3 satellite pores, and marginal fultoportulae at every costa or every second costa. The rimoportula is located on or near a costa (arrows). Scale bars = 1 µm.