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FIG. 16 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)
FIG. 16. — Consensus cladogram from Pachylis Le Peletier & Serville, 1825 under implied weighting resulting from the first K-value (3.211). The values for the majority rule are indicated above the set of retangles, wich in turn indicate the presence (black rectangles) and absence (white rectangles) of the same set of species for the different K-values indicated; the values for relative Bremer support and symmetric resampling are indicated in parentheses, respectively; type species are indicated by a *; letters in circles indicate the branch name; subfamilies and tribes in the color legend.
FIG. 27 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)
FIG. 27. — Variations in connexiva color (A1-6) and tarsomere III (B1-6) of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798): A1-6, dorsal; B1-6, lateral. Scale bars: A1-6.5 mm; B1-6.1 mm.
APPENDIX 2 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)
APPENDIX 2. — Part of the cladogram under implied weighting for Pachylis Le Peletier & Serville, 1825: A, tree under 5 K value (7.287), where we excluded all characters with missing data in Thasus rutilus Brailovsky & Barrera, 1994 in Brailovsky et al. (1994B), as follows, based on the original matrix: 31; 32; 37; 41; 43; 45; 48; 49; 53; 62 – 82; B, tree under 3 K-value (5.280), where we include fictional states in T. rutilus, based on the highest number present for the character in the other Thasus species, as follows, based on the original matrix: 31: 1; 32: 1; 37: 1; 41: 1; 43: 1; 45: 1; 48: 0; 49: 1; 53: 0; 62: 1; 63: 1; 64: 1; 65: 1; 66: 0; 67: 1; 68: 0; 69: 0; 70: 0; 71: 1; 72: 1; 73: 1; 74: 1; 75: 0; 76: 1; 77: 0; 78: 1; 79: 1; 80: 1; 81: 1; 82: 0.
Fast mvSLOUCH: Model comparison for multivariate Ornstein--Uhlenbeck-based models of trait evolution on large phylogenies
<p>These are the Supplementary Material, R scripts and numerical results accompanying Bartoszek, Fuentes Gonzalez, Mitov, Pienaar, Piwczyński, Puchałka, Spalik and Voje "Model Selection Performance in Phylogenetic Comparative Methods under multivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Models of Trait Evolution".</p> <p>The four data files concern two datasets. Ungulates: measurements of muzzle width, unworn lower third molar crown height, unworn lower third molar crown width and feeding style and their phylogeny; Ferula: measurements of ratio of canals, periderm thickness, wing area, wing thickness, and fruit mass, and their phylogeny.</p>
Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae)
<p>Thoroughly sampled and well-supported phylogenetic trees are essential to taxonomy and to guide studies of evolution and ecology. Despite extensive prior inquiry, a comprehensive tree of heron relationships (Aves: Ardeidae) has not yet been published. As a result, the classification of this family remains unstable, and their evolutionary history remains poorly studied. Here, we sample genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) of >90% of extant species to estimate heron phylogeny using a combination of maximum likelihood (ML), coalescent, and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The UCE and mtDNA trees are mostly concordant with one another, providing a topology that resolves relationships among the five heron subfamilies and indicates that the genera <em>Gorsachius</em>, <em>Botaurus</em>, <em>Ardea</em>, and <em>Ixobrychus</em> are not monophyletic. We also present the first genetic data from the Forest Bittern <em>Zonerodius</em> <em>heliosylus</em>, an enigmatic species of New Guinea; our results suggest that it is a member of the genus <em>Ardeola</em> and not the Tigrisomatinae (tiger herons), as previously thought. Lastly, we compare molecular rates between heron clades in the UCE tree with those in previously constructed mtDNA and DNA-DNA hybridization trees. We show that rate variation in the UCE tree corroborates rate patterns in the previously constructed trees, i.e., that bitterns (<em>Ixobrychus</em> and <em>Botaurus</em>) evolved comparatively faster, and some tiger herons (<em>Tigrisoma</em>) and the Boat-billed Heron (<em>Cochlearius</em>) more slowly, than other heron taxa. </p>
FIG. 28 in Alcidedorbignya inopinata, a basal pantodont (Placentalia, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia: anatomy, phylogeny and palaeobiology
FIG. 28. — Medial view of the left internal aspect of the braincase of Alcidedorbignya inopinata (MHNC 8372), showing the internal composition of the wall of the skull: A, stereophotograph; B, schematic drawing with bone sutures on photo; C, schematic drawing with captions. Abbreviations: acann, notch housing the external aperture of the cochlear canaliculus; Al, alisphenoid; Bo, basioccipital; Bs, basisphenoid; cpevs, sulcus for the capsuloparietal emissary vein; dos, dor- sum sellae; fo, foramen ovale; hf, hypoglossal foramen; hyf, hypophyseal fossa; iam, internal acoustic meatus; icf, internal carotid foramen; jf, jugular fora- men; mtf, median temporal foramen; opf, optic foramen; Os, orbitosphenoid; otf, orbitotemporal foramen; ots, orbitotemporal sulcus; Pa, parietal; Pl, palatine; pofrc, posterior opening of the foramen rotundum canal; psf, petrosquamosal fossa; Pt, pterygoid; saf, subarcuate fossa; sf, sphenorbital fissure. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Fig. 7 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood tree of Anchonini and Lymantini relationships reconstructed by RAxML from the three-fragment concatenated matrix. Clades outside of the Anchonini plus Lymantini clade are collapsed. Large and small circles denote strongly and moderately supported clades, respectively. Arrows indicate 26 specimens shown in Figs 1, 2, 8–33. Superimposed globes indicate the current distribution.
Fig. 6 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood tree of true weevil relationships reconstructed by RAxML from the three-fragment concatenated matrix. Three subclades forming the clade of Anchonini plus Lymantini are collapsed. Large and small circles denote strongly and moderately supported clades, respectively.
Fig. 5 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 5. Morphological diversity of the weevil tribe Lymantini, antennae. Specimen numbers refer to Table 2 and Fig. 7.
Fig. 2 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 2. Morphological diversity of the weevil tribe Lymantini, lateral view. Specimen numbers refer to Table 2 and Fig. 7.
Fig. 4 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 4. Morphological diagnostic features and possible apomorphies of Anchonini (A, B) and Lymantini (C–F). A, C, D: head, left lateral view; B: left antenna; E, F: female genitalia and apical sclerites (E: ventral, F: right dorso-lateral). A: Titilayo geiseri Cristóvão & Lyal, 2018; B: T. barclayi Cristóvão & Lyal, 2018; C: Lymantes scrobicollis Gyllenhal, 1838; D–F: Devernodes chthonia Grebennikov, 2018. A, B: from GREBENNIKOV & ANDERSON (2021a); E, F: from GREBENNIKOV (2018).
Fig. 1 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 1. Morphological diversity of the weevil tribe Lymantini, dorsal view. Specimen numbers refer to Table 2 and Fig. 7.
Fig. 13 in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 13. Bergera tetramera (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov. A. Plants. B. Inflorescence. C. Flowers. D–E. Infructescence. Photos taken by Jian Huang and Feng-Juan Mou in China.
Fig. 14. Bergera unifolia C.L.Deng & F.J.Mou. A. Inflorescence. B. Fruit. C–D in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 14. Bergera unifolia C.L.Deng & F.J.Mou. A. Inflorescence. B. Fruit. C–D. Dorsal side of leaf. E. Flower. F. Flower parts. Photos taken by Feng-Juan Mou in China.
Fig. 12 in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 12. Bergera stenocarpa (Drake) F.J.Mou comb. nov. A. Plant. B. Leaves. C–D. Dorsal side of leaf. E. Infructescence. Photos taken by Nguyen Manh Cuong in Vietnam and Feng-Juan Mou.
Fig. 11 in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 11. Branches, leaves, flowers and fruits of Bergera siamensis (Craib) F.J.Mou comb. nov. A. Winit 849, K000382432 (holotype: the Kew Herbarium, K). B. SN055887 (isotype: Bangkok Forest Herbarium, BKF). C. D.D. Soejarto et al. 5834, L.2127107 (National Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch, L). D. Put Nai 2440, TCD0013457 (Trinity College Dublin Herbarium, TCD).
Fig. 10 in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 10. Bergera microphylla (Merr. & Chun) F.J.Mou comb. nov. A–C. Plants. D–E. Infructescence. F. Ovary crossection. Photos taken by Feng-Juan Mou and Dan Liang in China.
Fig. 9 in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 9. Bergera macrophylla (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov. A. Plants. B. Inflorescence. C. Flower and pistil. D–E. Infructescence. F. Seeds. Photos taken by Feng-Juan Mou in China.
Fig. 6 in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 6. Bergera glabra (Guillemin) F.J.Mou comb. nov. A. Plant. B. Leaf. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower. E. Flower parts. F. Infructescence. G. Fruit. H. Seeds. Photos taken by Tran The Bach and Dr Truong in Vietnam.
Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision of Bergera J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
Fig. 2. Bayesian tree, inferred from cpDNA markers of representatives of Bergera J.Koenig ex L., Clausena Burm.f., Murraya elongata DC. ex Hook.f. and Merrillia caloxylon Swingle. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of nucleotide changes (indicated above branches with Bayesian posterior probabilities, PP); bootstrap support (BS) values for maximum likelihood (ML) are given below the branches.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.