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FIGURE 12. Pselaphogenius fimbria, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral. in ---Revision---of---the---New---Zealand---species---of---the---Genus---Pselaphogenius Reitter--- (Staphylinidae:---Pselaphinae:---Pselaphitae:---Pselaphini)---

FIGURE 12. Pselaphogenius fimbria, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral.

FIGURE18. Pselaphogenius stouti, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral. in ---Revision---of---the---New---Zealand---species---of---the---Genus---Pselaphogenius Reitter--- (Staphylinidae:---Pselaphinae:---Pselaphitae:---Pselaphini)---

FIGURE18. Pselaphogenius stouti, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral.

FIGURE 24. Pselaphogenius lescheni, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral. in ---Revision---of---the---New---Zealand---species---of---the---Genus---Pselaphogenius Reitter--- (Staphylinidae:---Pselaphinae:---Pselaphitae:---Pselaphini)---

FIGURE 24. Pselaphogenius lescheni, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral.

FIGURE 15. Pselaphogenius moerewae, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral. in ---Revision---of---the---New---Zealand---species---of---the---Genus---Pselaphogenius Reitter--- (Staphylinidae:---Pselaphinae:---Pselaphitae:---Pselaphini)---

FIGURE 15. Pselaphogenius moerewae, sp. nov. a) localities where specimens have been collected; b) aedeagus dorsal; c) aedeagus, lateral.

opennotspecifiedJul 2014View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. C.h.hectoriVanBeneden,1881—threepopulationsdistributedaroundNewZealand'sSouthIsland. C. h. maui Baker, Smith & Pichler, 2002 — one population limited to the NW coast of New Zealand's North Island. in Delphinidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.h.hectoriVanBeneden,1881—threepopulationsdistributedaroundNewZealand'sSouthIsland. C. h. maui Baker, Smith & Pichler, 2002 — one population limited to the NW coast of New Zealand's North Island.

FIGURE 1 in A swan-sized fossil anatid (Aves: Anatidae) from the early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of New Zealand

FIGURE 1. Distal right humerus, CM 2017.37.919, A–C. A, cranial view; B, interpretive drawing; C, cranioventral aspect to show lack of elevation of tuberculum supracondylare ventrale; D, Cygnus atratus FUR 287. Irregular areas with dense stippling are those where surface features of the bone are missing due to breakage. The probable former extent of tuberculum supracondylare dorsale is reconstructed (dark shading). The two horizontal lines marked with * show the relationships of the condylus dorsalis and tuberculum supracondylare dorsale and the proximal extent of tuberculum supracondylare ventrale. Note that shaft width in Cygnus (D) is similar to the fossil (A) whereas distal width is much greater. Abbreviations: cd, condylus dorsalis; cv, condylus ventralis; ed, epicondylus dorsalis; fb, fossa musculi brachialis; ps, insertion of musculus pronator superficialis; tsd, tuberculum supracondylare dorsale; tsv, tuberculum supracondylare ventrale. Scale bars are 20 mm.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Distribution. Probable original distribution includes SE Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (including offshore Is of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai Archipelago, and Enggano), Borneo, Java, Bali, and many nearby Is. Introduced into the Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, and various other Is in more ancient times (in the last 2000-3000 years) and also to many Melanesian and Pacific Is, including Ryukyu, Hawaii, Christmas, Cocos (= Keeling), Palau, Northern Mariana, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, New Guinea, Bismarck, Solomon, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Futuna, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Cook, French Polynesia, Norfolk, New Zealand, and Adele. in Muridae

Distribution. Probable original distribution includes SE Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (including offshore Is of Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai Archipelago, and Enggano), Borneo, Java, Bali, and many nearby Is. Introduced into the Philippines, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor, and various other Is in more ancient times (in the last 2000-3000 years) and also to many Melanesian and Pacific Is, including Ryukyu, Hawaii, Christmas, Cocos (= Keeling), Palau, Northern Mariana, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall, Nauru, Kiribati, New Guinea, Bismarck, Solomon, Tuvalu, Tokelau, Futuna, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Cook, French Polynesia, Norfolk, New Zealand, and Adele.

Figure 7. cox1 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 7. cox1 chronogram from the *BEAST multispecies coalescent analysis, showing divergence times for intraspecific haplotype clades as bars indicating the 95% highest posterior density intervals. Taxa with asterisks were missing cox1, and their positions within the species clades are determined by the EF1α gene tree.

Figure 8 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 8. Lectotype of Tettigonia cruentata Fabricius, 1775, type species of genus Rhodopsalta Dugdale, 1972, with attached labels shown. Scale bars: 1 cm. Photographs by B. Price.

Figure 6 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 6. Primary geographical subclades found for the sequenced specimens, mapped for each Rhodopsalta species.

Figure 5 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 5. Single-gene Bayesian phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial cox1 (1486 bp; A) and nuclear EF1α (798 bp; B) using CIPRES v.3.3. Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony informative sites is 239 for cox1 and 61 for EF1α.

Figure 4 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 4. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on 2284 bp of concatenated genes (5′ and 3′ cox1 and EF1α). Six partition subsets were used (by gene and codon position for each gene, respectively). Branch support values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and RAXML bootstrap percentages from 1000 non-parametric pseudoreplicates. The number of parsimony-informative sites is 300. Grey boxes show mean divergence time estimates and 95% confidence intervals from the *BEAST analysis.

Figure 3 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 3. Waveforms illustrating song phenotypes of the three Rhodopsalta species. All fully developed Rhodopsalta songs consist of repeated phrases, the first one of which is indicated by a bracket in graphs A–F. Stars indicate the observed or inferred (Rhodopsalta microdora) positions of wing-flick responses produced by sexually receptive females.

Figure 1 in Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson's Rhodopsalta microdora

Figure 1. Palaeogeographical maps depicting topographical change in the North Island of New Zealand throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. Maps were modified and reprinted from Ellis et al. (2015), with permission.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

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Raw data and alignments for: Application of palaeogenetic techniques to historic mollusc shells reveals phylogeographic structure in a New Zealand abalone

Natural history collections worldwide contain a plethora of mollusc shells. Recent studies have detailed the sequencing of DNA extracted from shells up to thousands of years old and from various taphonomic and preservational contexts. However, previous approaches have largely addressed methodological rather than evolutionary research questions. Here we report the generation of DNA sequence data from mollusc shells using such techniques, applied to Haliotis virginea Gmelin, 1791, a New Zealand abalone, in which morphological variation has led to the recognition of several forms and subspecies. We successfully recovered near-complete mitogenomes from 22 specimens including 12 dry-preserved shells up to 60 years old. We used a combination of palaeogenetic techniques that have not previously been applied to shell, including DNA extraction optimized for ultra-short fragments and hybridization-capture of single-stranded DNA libraries. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three major, well-supported clades comprising samples from: 1) the Three Kings Islands; 2) the Auckland, Chatham and Antipodes Islands; and 3) mainland New Zealand and Campbell Island. This phylogeographic structure does not correspond to the currently recognized forms. Critically, our non-reliance on freshly collected or ethanol-preserved samples enabled inclusion of topotypes of all recognized subspecies as well as additional difficult-to-sample populations. Broader application of these comparatively cost-effective and reliable methods to modern, historical, archaeological and palaeontological shell samples has the potential to revolutionize invertebrate genetic research.

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Data for Land-sea linkages depend on macroalgal species, predator invasion history in a New Zealand archipelago

Seabirds on islands create a circular seabird economy - whereby they feed in the ocean, transport marine-derived nutrients onshore to their breeding colonies, and then seabird-derived nutrients run off into the ocean, enriching nearshore ecosystems. Invasive predators reduce seabird colonies and nutrient subsidies; thus, predator eradication is critical for restoring seabird islands. Few studies have linked nearshore marine recovery to terrestrial ecosystem attributes and none have in temperate zones. Here, we tested the influence of seabird driven soil nutrients, terrestrial abiotic variables, and marine variables on nearshore algal communities using in-depth repeated sampling of four islands in a New Zealand island archipelago. We show seabird land-sea linkages are disrupted when predators invade, and are not restored three decades after invasive predator removal in the studied archipelago. Our study is the first account of how seabird influences on land impact nearshore marine environments on islands cleared of invasive predators in temperate ecosystems. Such information can help provide baseline information for which abiotic and ecological variables are most important when studying the linkages from land to sea in island ecosystems.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

FIGURE 9 in A new species of the clingfish genus Trachelochismus from bay and estuarine areas of New Zealand (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae)

FIGURE 9. Phylogenetic hypotheses of relationships between members of Trachelochismus. A. Phylogram with the lowest log likelihood score (–In L –2063.428367) obtained from the ML analysis of the COI data set. Numbers associated with branches represent bootstrap values from the ML (above) and MP (below) analyses of the COI dataset and 12S dataset (COI/12S). B. Phylogram with the lowest log likelihood score (–In L –1339.923902) obtained from the ML analysis of the ZIC1 data set. Numbers associated with branches represent bootstrap values from the ML/MP analyses of this data set.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the clingfish genus Trachelochismus from bay and estuarine areas of New Zealand (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae)

FIGURE 5. Surface features (A, C, E) and internal supporting skeleton (B, D, F) of the adhesive disc in three species of Trachelochismus in ventral view (anterior to top of page). A. T. aestuarium, TCwC 17266.03, paratype, 24.0 mm SL. B. T. aestuarium, AIM MA122277, paratype, 25.3 mm SL. C. T. pinnulatus, TCwC 17269.06, 29.0 mm SL. D. T. pinnulatus, NMNZ P.013573, 35.0 mm SL. E. T. melobesia, TCwC 17174.01, 18.2 mm SL. F. T. melobesia, TCwC 17264.06, 22.0 mm SL. white arrows point to edge of papillate areas of disc region A in A and B. Schematic representation of ventral postcleithrum of left side (in ventral view) present at lower right hand corner of D-F. Abbreviations: A, disc region A; B, disc region B; Bp, basipterygium; C, disc region C; DPcL, dorsal postcleithrum; I, pelvic-fin spine; VPcL, ventral postcleithrum; 1– 4, pelvic-fin rays 1–4.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of the clingfish genus Trachelochismus from bay and estuarine areas of New Zealand (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae)

FIGURE 8. Head (in dorsal, lateral and ventral view) of Trachelochismus melobesia, TCwC 17264.05, 25.8 mm SL, highlighting position of cephalic lateral line canal pores (grey circles) and superficial neuromasts (white circles) on the left side of the head. Superficial neuromasts arranged in rows are connected by a thin black line. Superficial neuromasts on surface of body not highlighted. Asterisks (*, **, ***, ****) label individual superficial neuromasts, not arranged in rows, which are visible in different views. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; FN, superficial neuromast; LC1–3, lachrymal canal pores 1–3; LL, lower lip; MC1–3, mandibular canal pores 1–3; MR, mandibular row; NC1–2, nasal canal pores 1–2; O, orbit; PF, paired fold; PN, posterior nostril; PO1–2, postorbital canal pores 1–2; POG, postorbital row; PR1–3, preopercular canal pores 1–3; SOG, suborbital row.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the clingfish genus Trachelochismus from bay and estuarine areas of New Zealand (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae)

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of lachrymal pores, nostrils (A, C, E; lateral view), and mandibular row of superficial neuromasts (B, D, F; ventral view) in three species of Trachelochismus. A, B. T. aestuarium, TCwC 17266.03, paratype, 24.0 mm SL. C, D. T. pinnulatus, TCwC 17269.06, 29.0 mm SL. E, F. T. melobesia, TCwC 17174.01, 18.2 mm SL. Abbreviations: AN, anterior nostril; F, flap associated with anterior nostril; FN, superficial neuromast; LC1–3, lachrymal canal pores 1–3; LL, lower lip; MC1, mandibular canal pore 1; NC1–2, nasal canal pores 1–2; O, orbit; PF, paired fleshy fold; PN, posterior nostril; SOR, suborbital row; UL, upper lip.