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Figs 1–8. Coelopisthia areolata and C. caledonia. 1–5. C. areolata Askew, female. 1. Body dorsal. 2. Head lateral. 3. Head frontal. 4. Thorax dorsal. 5. Fore wing dorsal. 6–8. C. caledonia Askew, female. 6. Body dorsal. 7. Body lateral. 8 in Taxonomic review of the genus Coelopisthia Förster (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from China, with four new species

Figs 1–8. Coelopisthia areolata and C. caledonia. 1–5. C. areolata Askew, female. 1. Body dorsal. 2. Head lateral. 3. Head frontal. 4. Thorax dorsal. 5. Fore wing dorsal. 6–8. C. caledonia Askew, female. 6. Body dorsal. 7. Body lateral. 8. Head frontal.

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Figure 2 in Review of Alloxiphia Wei (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae), with descriptions of two new species from China

Figure 2. Alloxiphia qinlingia Wei, sp. nov., female, holotype. a. Adult. b. Head, dorsal view. c. Head, lateral view. d. Head, frontal view. e. Apical portion of abdomen, lateral view. f. Labial palp. g. Maxillary palp. h. Hind claw. i. Abdominal tergites 2–5. j. Ovipositor sheath, dorsal view. k. Basal 5 antennomeres. Scale bar = 2.0 mm.

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Figure 1 in Review of Alloxiphia Wei (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae), with descriptions of two new species from China

Figure 1. Alloxiphia tianmua Wei, sp. nov. a–b. Adult. a. Female, holotype; b. Male, paratype. c–i. Female, holotype. c. Head, dorsal view; d. Head, lateral view; e. Head, frontal view; f. Hind claw; g. Apical portion of abdomen, lateral view; h. Ovipositor sheath, dorsal view; i. Basal 5 antennomeres. Scale bars = 2.0 mm.

Fig. 3. Urinary bladder from a in A review of neosporosis and pathologic findings of Neospora caninum infection in wildlife

Fig. 3. Urinary bladder from a fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) experimentally infected with N. caninum. IHC using polyclonal caprine anti-N. caninum showing marked necrotizing and widespread degeneration and necrosis of the detrusor muscle with many neutrophils and macrophages and intralesional protozoan cysts and tachyzoites (A). H&E of the same tissue; open arrows indicate intracellular protozoan organisms (B). N. caninum IHC (C) and H&E (D) of protozoan tissue cysts.

Fig. 2 in A review of neosporosis and pathologic findings of Neospora caninum infection in wildlife

Fig. 2. Liver from an aborted white rhinoceros fetus with naturally acquired congenital N. caninum infection. Multifocal hepatic necrosis with intralesional intracellular protozoan cyst-like structure (open arrow). H&E (A). Intracellular protozoan cyst-like structure. H&E (B). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using polyclonal caprine anti-N. caninum showing clustered free and intracellular protozoal tachyzoites (C, D, E) and intracellular protozoan cyst-like structures (C, D, F). H&E photomicrographs (A, B) courtesy of Cheryl Sangster, Taronga Conservation Society Australia.

Fig. 2 in Species of Angiostrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in wildlife: A review

Fig. 2. Tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides, with severe posterior paresis and unable to right itself due to infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

Fig. 3 in Species of Angiostrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in wildlife: A review

Fig. 3. Immature Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the cerebellum of a brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, with extensive granulomatous and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and malacia (adapted from Ma et al., 2013, fig. 7).

Fig. 1 in Species of Angiostrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in wildlife: A review

Fig. 1. The life cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Rat definitive hosts acquire thirdstage larvae by ingesting infected intermediate hosts, aquatic or terrestrial snails and slugs. Larvae penetrate the stomach, enter the hepatic portal and mesenteric lymphatic systems and are carried to the heart and lungs. They enter alveoli, invade the pulmonary veins, are returned to the left heart and distributed around the body by the arterial circulation. Larvae reach the CNS, predominantly the cerebrum and cerebellum, grow and moult twice in the parenchyma and young adults invade the subarachnoid space of the brain. After about two weeks they invade the cerebral vein and move to the heart and pulmonary arteries where they mature. Eggs are carried in the blood to the lungs where they embryonate. First-stage larvae escape up the bronchial escalator, are swallowed, pass out in the faeces, are ingested by intermediate hosts, snails and slugs, and develop to third-stage infective larvae. A broad spectrum of animals – planarians, prawns, crabs, frogs and lizards may serve as paratenic hosts in which infective larvae reside but undergo no further development. Humans are an accidental host and infection may occur through ingestion of intermediate or paratenic hosts, the latter often eaten raw or their juices used in preparation of local dishes. Infective larvae may also leave molluscs and contaminate vegetables such as lettuce (adapted from Wang et al., 2008, fig. 1).

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Fig. 2. A in Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: A review

Fig. 2. A graphical representation of the phylogenetic relationship shared by some Australian trypanosome isolates based on gGAPDH sequences (=810 bp) (reproduced with permission from Botero et al. (2013), with modifications highlighted in grey).

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Fig. 1 in Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: A review

Fig. 1. (a) General trypanosome shape (trypomastigote form from the blood of a woylie (Bettongia penicillata)) K = kinetoplast, N = nucleus and FF = free flagellum and RBC = red blood cells, (b) host: woylie (Bettongia penicillata).

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Fig. 3 in Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: A review

Fig. 3. Geographical locations of trypanosomes identified from Australian indigenous mammals- (a) all Trypanosoma spp., (b) Trypanosoma vegrandis only, (c) Trypanosoma sp. H25 only, (d) Trypanosoma copemani only (cross (x) = the possible identification from Tasmania in 1998) and (e) Trypanosoma lewisi only (circle (o) = records from indigenous mammals and asterisk (‡) = records from introduced mammals).

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Fig. 2 in Prevalence and geographical distribution of amphistomes of African wild ruminants: A scoping review

Fig. 2. Map showing geographical distribution of amphistomes in wild ruminants in Africa (1900–2022).

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Fig. 2 in A review of Theileria diagnostics and epidemiology

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria genotypes. The 18S ribosomal RNA sequences were extracted from GenBank using text based queries and BLAST analysis. Final analysis and manual curating. The dataset were trimmed to include the V4 hyper-variable region, aligned using MAFFT (auto, 200PAM/k = 2; Katoh and Standley, 2013) and matrix = number of differences) with Mega5 (Tamura et al., 2011). Host and geographic data for genotypes are indicated and were extracted from GenBank files or literature

Fig. 4 in Figs. 17-21. 17-20 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 4. Dendrogram of the sampling sites plotted by cluster analysis by using Bray-Curtis similarity based on the subset dataset of 23 foraminiferal genera. Values on the dendrograms indicate the> 50% supporting value of 500 bootstrap iterations.

Fig. 4 in Figs. 17-21. 17-20 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 4. Dendrogram of hierarchical cluster analysis based on the square-root abundance data delineating the similarity of community structure among sampling sites at different sampling times. SA08, SA09, SA14, SA16, and SA20 represent different site names in figure 1, with the numbers representing years since rehabilitation.

Fig. 3 in Figs. 17-21. 17-20 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 3. Spatial and temporal variations of Diversity, Evenness, Abundance and Biomass. SA08, SA09, SA14, SA16, and SA20 represent different site names in figure 1, with the numbers representing years since rehabilitation.

Fig. 1 in Figs. 17-21. 17-20 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 1. Locations of the sampling sites in the present study. (A) Vicinity map showing the locations of Shenzhen Bay, Hong Kong, and Shenzhen; (B) site locations in northeastern Shenzhen Bay; SA = S. apetala. The numbers in SA08, SA09, SA14, SA16, and SA20 represent different numbers of years since rehabilitation.

Fig. 1 in Figs. 17-21. 17-20 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 1. Map of Dongsha Atoll showing main geomorphological features and sampling sites in this study. ■ Dongsha Island; Back and fore reefs; □ Reef flat; ● Sampling sites.

Fig. 3 in Figs. 17-21. 17-20 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 3. Diversity index of benthic foraminifera from surface sediments of the Dongsha Atoll lagoon: (a) Margalef richness index; (b) Simpson dominance index; and (c) Shannon - Wiener diversity index. Error bars indicate the upper and lower limits of 9999 bootstrap iterations. Horizontal lines under the x-axis indicate no significant differences among the sampling sites (p> 0.001, pairwise comparison with 9999 random permutation iterations). Sampling sites refer to table 1 and figure 1.

Fig. 4. Amynthas majia n in Figs. 17-21. 17-20 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 4. Amynthas majia n. sp. holotype, NCHUZOOL 13548: (A) ventral view of male pores with large V-shaped genital markings on xviii; (B) left spermathecae; (C) left prostate; (D) right intestinal caeca. ag, accessory gland; amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum; fp, female pore; gm, genital marking; mp, male pore; sp, spermathecal pore. All scale bars = 1 mm.