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Figure 1 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 1. Portraits of (a) Rhinolophus smithersi species novo, and (b) Rhinolophus mossambicus species novo, two of four new cryptic species described herein within the R. hildebrandtii complex. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g001

Figure 4 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 4. Morphometric variation in a series representing the R. hildebrandtii complex from Lutope-Ngolangola, Zimbabwe: a) biplot of forearm length versus noseleaf width and b) PCA of five craniometric variables (M3M3, CM3, IOC, NW, NH) in 26 individuals of known (37 or 46 kHz) and unknown (?) frequency. Females indicated by open circlesı males by closed circles or crosses or asterisk. Voucher specimens for molecular sequencing study indicated by asterisk (Clade 1e: = smithersii sp. nov.; see Taxonomic Conclusions) and crosses (Clade 2: = mossambicus sp. nov.; see Taxonomic Conclusions). Hereafterı all individuals with a frequency of 37 kHz were assumed to belong to Clade 2 (mossambicus sp. nov.) and the 46 kHz individual was assumed to belong to Clade 1e (smithersi sp. nov.). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g004

Figure 3. Consensus tree for the cytochrome b in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 3. Consensus tree for the cytochrome b dataset for representative genotyped specimens of the Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex. The topology represents the consensus topology from a 20 million MCMC run implemented in BEAST. Estimates of divergence times (million years ago; Mya) are indicated adjacent to nodes or above branches and grey bars indicate 95% HPD values. The split between the Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae was used as the calibration point. Taxa names include museum/field numbers which correspond to Appendix S1 or GenBank accession numbers and abbreviations are: RcfH - R. cf. hildebrandtiiı RD - R. darlingiı RE - R. eloquensı RF - R. fumigatusı RH - R. hildebrandtii s.l.ı RL - R. landeri and RR - R. ruwenzorii. Localitiesı where availableı are providedı abbreviations include SA - South Africaı MZ - Mozambiqueı and ZW - Zimbabweı and the numbers in parentheses correspond with place names in Table S1 and Fig. 2 for Clade 1 and 2 individuals. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g003

Figure 7 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago

Figure 7. Relative warps analysis (RWA) of 12 lateral cranial landmarks from 23 individuals of R. hildebrandtii s.l. belonging to two molecular clades and two lineages of Clade 1 (see Fig. 3). Revised taxon names are provided in parentheses (see Taxonomic Conclusions). Skulls which were included in this analysis are indicated in Table S1. Symbols as is in Fig. 5. Thin plate splines (grids) show landmark distortions represented by extremes of variation on RW1 (left = negative; right = positive) and RW2 (bottom = negative; top = positive) axes. The two skull photographs at the bottom are of actual specimens representing the negative (left: DM 8577ı mossambicus from Namapaı Mozambique) and positive (right: DM 11560ı cohenae from Mayoı Mpumalanga Province) extremes of variation on RW1. Landmark positions (filled circles) are shown in the photograph in the centre. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g007

Fig. 1 in New species and records of Evanioidea and Stephanoidea from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera)

Fig. 1. Aulacus pascali sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (MNHN). A. Ateral habitus. B. Head in full-face view. C. Head in lateral view. D. Mesosoma in lateral view. E. Metasoma in lateral view. F. Line drawing of wings venation. Scale bars: A, D–F = 0.5 mm; B–C = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 2 in New species and records of Evanioidea and Stephanoidea from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera)

Fig. 2. Aulacus burwelli Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004, ♀ (MNHN), lateral habitus. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 5 in New species and records of Evanioidea and Stephanoidea from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera)

Fig. 5. Pristaulacus villemantae sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (MNHN). A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesosoma in lateral view. C. Head in full-face view. D. Metasoma in lateral view. E. Line drawing of wings venation. Scale bars: A–C = 0.5 mm; D–E = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4 in New species and records of Evanioidea and Stephanoidea from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera)

Fig. 4. Pristaulacus elveni sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (MNHN). A. Head in lateral view. B. Mesosoma in lateral view. C. Head in full-face view. D. Metasoma in lateral view. E. Line drawing of fore wing venation. F. Line drawing of hind wing venation. Scale bars: A–D, F = 0.5 mm; E = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 2 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon frickei Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. (CICCAA 02388), 17.7 mm SL; jaw suspensory. A. Premaxillary. B. Maxilla. C. Dentary. Scale bar: 1 mm

Fig. 5 in A new cryptic species of Pithecopus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) in north-eastern Brazil

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Pithecopus Cope, 1866 based on 16S rDNA mitochondrial fragment. Topology inferred from the Bayesian inference based on the GTR+G model. Posterior probabilities are shown at each node. Scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Expanded topology for P. gonzagai sp. nov. and P. nordestinus (Caramaschi, 2006) is in Supplementary file 6.

Fig. 3 in A new cryptic species of Pithecopus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) in north-eastern Brazil

Fig. 3. Pithecopus gonzagai sp. nov. from Brazilian north-eastern, in life. A. From the municipality of Pilar, state of Alagoas (AL). B. From the municipality of Recife, state of Pernambuco (PE). C. From the municipality of Sṳo Miguel dos Milagres, AL. D. Arboreal eggs from the municipality of Poçṳo, PE. Photographs by M. Aguiar.

Fig. 2 in A new cryptic species of Pithecopus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) in north-eastern Brazil

Fig. 2. Pithecopus gonzagai sp. nov., adult ♂, holotype (ZUEC 19685; SVL = 32.7 mm). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Head, lateral view. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Hand, ventral view. F. Foot, ventral view.

Fig. 8 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 8. Topology of the ultrametric tree performed in BEAST ver. 1.8.4 including unique haplotypes summarizing the results of GMYC, bPTP and ABGD. Numbers above and below branches are posterior probability values. The star indicates the Hyphessobrycon copelandi clade.

Fig. 4 in A new cryptic species of Pithecopus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) in north-eastern Brazil

Fig. 4. Scatterplot of the discriminant analyses of principal components (DAPC) on the morphometric and acoustic datasets of Pithecopus araguaius Haga et al., 2017, P. azureus (Cope, 1862), P. gonzagai sp. nov., P. hypochondrialis (Daudin, 1800) and P. nordestinus (Caramaschi, 2006). A. The two first axes on the morphometric data (11 first PCs, 95% retained variance). Variance explained by the axes: LD1 = 58% (F-statistic = 131.7) and LD2 = 25% (F-statistic = 57.3). B. The two first axes on the acoustic data (5 first PCs, 96% retained variance). LD1 = 91% (F-statistic = 182.0) and LD2 = 7% (F-statistic = 13.5).

2 in First record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenopteraı Chalcidoideaı Tanaostigmatidae) from the Afrotropical region with description of three new species

2. Fore wing band with fewer, more pale, and less densely distributed setae (a); fore wing twice as long as wide (a); postmarginal vein as long as stigmal vein (a); squamiform white setae stouter and individually more widely spaced on head (b) and other areas of the body; mesopleuron with coarse reticulate sculpturing (c); metanotal trough with three large metanotal fovea, not extending medially beyond small central metanotal fovea ........................................................................ T. mulu sp. nov. - Fore wing band with numerous dark, densely distributed setae (a); fore wing 2.5 times as long as wide (a); postmarginal vein shorter than stigmal vein (a); squamiform white setae more elongate and densely distributed on head (b) and other areas of the body; mesopleuron with finer, more numerous reticulate sculpturing (c); metanotal trough with a single large metanotal fovea laterad of small central fovea, with narrow elongate fovea anteriorly situated, with three pit-like fovea present medially of central metanotal fovea.................................. T. ukumbusho sp. nov.

Figure 5 in First record of the genus Setelacher Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae) from the Afrotropical regionı with description of a new species

Figure 5. Habitats of Setelacher lasallei Gumovsky and van Noort, sp. nov. (a–c) Uganda, Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, primary mid-altitude rainforest (the type locality); (d, e) Uganda, Semuliki National Park; (f) Central African Republic, Réserve Spéciale de Forêt Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, Sangha River, lowland rainforest; (g) Central African Republic, Parc National de Dzanga-Ndoki, Mabéa Bai, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing; (h) Gabon, view (from base) of Monts Doudou in clouds on left; (i) Gabon, Réserve des Monts Doudou, sampling site at peak (660 m) of Monts Doudou.

Figure 3 in First record of the genus Setelacher Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae) from the Afrotropical regionı with description of a new species

Figure 3. Setelacher lasallei Gumovsky and van Noort, sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy. (a, b) Mesosoma: (a) in lateral view, (b) in dorsal view; (c) propodeum; (d, e) posterior end of metasoma. bc, basal cup of propodeum; mt8, syntergum of metasoma; pl, lateral plica of propodeum; arrows indicate lateral sulci at mesoscutellum.

Figure 1 in First record of the genus Setelacher Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae) from the Afrotropical regionı with description of a new species

Figure 1. Setelacher lasallei Gumovsky and van Noort, sp. nov., holotype, light microscopy. (a–c) Habitus: (a, b) in lateral view; (c) in dorsal view; (d) head in frontal view; (e) wings.

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Figure 1 in Lasalleistichus a new genus of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the Neotropical regionı including four new species

Figure 1. (a) Lasalleistichus albiclava, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (b) L. albifasciatus, ♀ holotype habitus lateral. (c–e) L. albiclava ♀: (c) paratype head frontal; (d) paratype fore wing; (e) holotype habitus dorsal. (f) L. albifasciatus, ♀ holotype habitus dorsal. Scales: (a–b, e–f) 1 mm; (c–d) 0.5 mm.

Figure 2 in First record of the genus Setelacher Bouček (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae) from the Afrotropical regionı with description of a new species

Figure 2. Setelacher lasallei Gumovsky and van Noort, sp. nov., scanning electron microscopy. (a) head, mesosoma and posterior metasoma; (b) head in dorso-lateral view; (c) head in ventro-frontal view; (d) head in frontal view; (E) lower face in frontal view.