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FIGURE 6 in A review of the genus Pupopsis Gredler, 1898 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Enidae), with the descriptions of eight new species from China

FIGURE 6. Pupopsis pupopsis (Gredler, 1898), HBUMM-04298–specimen 1. A: genitalia, general view; B: sagittal view of distal A-2 of penial appendage; C: interior view of distal penis. Arrows indicate the part that was pulled straight for preparing illustration.

FIGURE 11. A–C in A review of the genus Pupopsis Gredler, 1898 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Enidae), with the descriptions of eight new species from China

FIGURE 11. A–C, Pupopsis subtorquilla sp. nov. A, holotype, HBUMM-05429–specimen 2; B, paratype, HBUMM- 05429–specimen 1; C, paraytpe, HBUMM-00349–specimen 2. D–E, Pupopsis yengiawat sp. nov. D, holotype, HBUMM-04439–specimen 1; E, paratype, HBUMM-04439–specimen 6. F–G, Pupopsis yuxu sp. nov. F, holotype, HBUMM-06089–specimen 3; G, paratype, HBUMM-06089–specimen 2. H–I, Pupopsis zilchi sp. nov. H, holotype, SMF-specimen; I, paratype, SMF-specimen.

FIGURE 10 in A review of the genus Pupopsis Gredler, 1898 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Enidae), with the descriptions of eight new species from China

FIGURE 10. Pupopsis subpupopsis sp. nov., HBUMM-05676–specimen 1, holotype. A: genitalia, general view; B: distal penis, interior view.

FIGURE 9 in A review of the genus Pupopsis Gredler, 1898 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Enidae), with the descriptions of eight new species from China

FIGURE 9. Pupopsis hendan sp. nov., HBUMM-05592–specimen 1, paratype. A: genitalia, general view; B: penis, sagittal view. Arrows indicate the part that was pulled straight for preparing illustration.

FIGURE 11 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 11. Phylogeny of the genus Elysia within Plakobranchidae. ML analysis was performed on concatenated partial gene sequences of the nuclear 28S rDNA, the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, and the mitochondrial CO1 (first and second position only) loci. Bootstrap support values are given. Numbers behind names indicate number of individuals included. Grey box comprise those species included in the sequence divergence analysis (see Table 6).

FIGURE 10 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 10. Elysia asbecki sp. nov.: anatomy: Schematic drawing of digestive system and position of special glands (arrows). Abbreviations: in intestine, odgl opening into digestive gland, ot oral tube, ph pharynx, sgl salivary glands, st stomach.

FIGURE 7 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 7. Elysia asbecki sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal collected in 2006, resting with parapodia slightly opened. Note the pericardial hump. The right rhinophore is damaged. (B) Same animal with foot region exposed. Note the lack of white and orange pigment on foot. (C) Animal collected in 2002 and only documented by digital camera. Note the pronounced tubercles and the distinct red patches along the tail (arrow). (D) Same animal as in A and B after a few hours, with more pronounced tubercles, but still less than the one shown in (C).

FIGURE 8 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 8. Elysia asbecki sp. nov.: histology; (A) Cross section near head area. Many branches of digestive gland reach into the lateral parapodia. Note the special glands (arrows) close to dorsal pharynx, which are not connected to salivary glands or any other part of the digestive system. (B) Cross section behind head. Nerve ring surrounds posterior part of pharynx. Posterior part of oesophagus surrounded by thick layer of muscles. Note entrance of stomach into digestive gland (arrow). (C) Cross section near head, somewhat posterior than (A). Salivary glands situated ventrally of pharynx. Note the special glands (arrows) now close to lateral parts of pharynx, which are not connected to salivary glands or any other part of the digestive system. (D) Cross section of parapodium exhibiting special glandular structures (arrows). Note the branches of digestive gland with an epithelium filled with chloroplasts (blue dots). (E) Penial sheath with muscular penis. Note the vas deferens (arrow) without any cuticular structures. (F) Detail of statocyst with one otolith. Abbreviations: a ascus, cpg cerebropleural ganglion, d duct into digestive gland, dgl digestive gland, in intestine, og oral gland, pe penis, pes penial sheath, pg pedal ganglion, sgl salivary glands, st stomach, sta statocyst.

FIGURE 6 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 6. Phylogeny of the Limapontiidae. ML analysis was performed on concatenated partial gene sequences of the nuclear 28S rDNA, the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, and the mitochondrial CO1 (first and second position only) loci. Support values are given. Numbers behind names indicate number of individuals included.

FIGURE 9 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 9. Elysia asbecki sp. nov.: scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy of radula: (A) complete radula with leading tooth to the right. Ascus (lower limb, white arrow) lost during preparation. (B) – (D) different views of leading tooth; note the denticles. (E) Radula of same specimen. Note the small teeth and preradula teeth (black arrow) in ascus.

FIGURE 3 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 3. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: scanning electron microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy of radula: (A) complete radula of specimen 76 with leading tooth to the right. Ascus (white arrow) covered by thin cuticle. (B) – (D) different views of leading tooth. (E) Radula of specimen 71. Note the small teeth and pre-radula teeth (black arrow) in ascus.

FIGURE 5 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 5. NeighborNet analysis of Limapontiidae based on mitochondrial CO1 sequences only without application of evolutionary models, performed with SplitsTree. Note the two distinct branches of Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.

FIGURE 2 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 2. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: histology; (A) cross section in head area. Note the eyes laterally from the pharynx. (B) Cross section behind the head region. Note the large glandular structure below the ascus being part of the elaborate oral glands (arrow). (C) Longitudinal section of ceras with folded digestive gland. Note the dark dots representing chloroplasts in the epithelium of digestive gland. Large subepithelial glandular cells present, filled with acid mucopolysaccharides (arrows). (D) Detail of right lateral side with two cerata and one with an unidentified structure containing sperm (arrow). (E) Longitudinal section through penial sheath with muscular penis and ciliated vas deferens. Note insertion of hollow cuticular spine projecting into penial sheath (arrow). (F) Cross section in posterior half of body. Note the special glandular cells beneath the epidermis (arrows). Abbreviations: agl albumen gland, am ampulla, as ascus, bc bursa copulatrix, ca capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, fo foot, ga ganglion, go gonad, ki kidney, pe penis, pes penial sheath, ph pharynx, vd vas deferens.

FIGURE 4 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 4. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: schematic outline of genital system, reconstructed from three different specimens. Agl albumen gland, am ampulla, bc bursa copulatrix, cgl capsule gland, mgl mucus gland, p penis, pr prostate gland, rs receptaculum seminis.

FIGURE 1 in Two new sacoglossan sea slug species (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda): Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov. (Limapontioidea) and Elysia asbecki sp. nov. (Plakobranchoidea), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology

FIGURE 1. Ercolania annelyleorum sp. nov.: living animals from Lizard Island; (A) Animal freshly isolated from food algae; length about 5 mm. (B) Animal after 1 day starvation. Note the characteristic dorsal red mark in the posterior third; length about 5 mm. Egg clutch visible on right side. (C) Juvenile starved for four days and now back on Boodlea; length about 2 mm. (D) One adult and two juveniles feeding on Boodlea. Note the egg clutch (arrow). (E) Two animals feeding on Boodlea.

FIGURE 2. Reproductive system. A in Plectotropis yonganensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Bradybaenidae) from China, with revision of two Chinese camaenid species (Gastropoda: Camaenidae)

FIGURE 2. Reproductive system. A, Satsuma stenozona from Drum Mountain, Fuzhou, China (FJIQBC 18245); B, Plectotropis brevibarbis from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang, China (FJIQBC 18226); C. Plectotropis yonganensis sp. nov. from Stone Forest, Yongan, Fujian China (FJIQBC 181219). AG: albumen gland; E: epiphallus; F: flagellum; HD: hermaphroditic duct; P: penis; PR: penis retractor muscle; BC: bursa copulatrix; PBC: pedunculus of bursa copulatrix; VD: vas deferens; S: stylophore or dart sac; AS: accessory sac; MG: mucus glands.

FIGURE 1 in Plectotropis yonganensis sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Bradybaenidae) from China, with revision of two Chinese camaenid species (Gastropoda: Camaenidae)

FIGURE 1. Map of sampling sites and photographs of shells. A, Sampling sites of Fujian and Zhejiang, China. Square—type locality for Plectotropis yonganensis sp. nov.; Circles—sites with Satsuma stenozona; Triangles—sites with Plectotropis brevibarbis; B–E, Photographs of Satsuma stenozona from the National Forest Park of Fuzhou, China. B, C, D, (FJIQBC 18220), E (FJIQBC 18237); F–I, Photographs of Plectotropis brevibarbis. F, H, I, (FJIQBC 18256) from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang, China. G, (FJIQBC 18271) from Sanmen of Zhejiang, China, showing peripherical hairs; J–M, Photographs of Plectotropis yonganensis sp. nov. from Stone Forest, Yongan, Fujian China. J, L, M (FJIQBC 181201) holotype, K, (FJIQBC 181205) paratype, showing peripherical hairs.

FIGURE 4 in A new Discidae subgenus and two new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Canary Islands

FIGURE 4. Atlantica (Canaridiscus) anagaensis sp. nov.; A, genital system in natural (folded) position; B, genital system unfolded; C, longitudinal section of the proximal end of penis, showing an inner, apparently muscular thickening in the point of the penial retractor muscle insertion; D, proximal part of the spermoviduct, and the talon; a, atrium; ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; bcd, bursa copulatrix duct; go, genital orifice; hd, hermaphroditic duct; mt, muscular thickening; o, oviduct; p, penis; pr, penis retractor; t, talon; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens.

FIGURE 2. A, a in A new Discidae subgenus and two new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Canary Islands

FIGURE 2. A, a paratype (JSGC) of Atlantica saproxylophaga sp. nov., from the Garajonay National Park (La Gomera); B, holotype of A. anagaensis sp. nov., from Tafada mountain (Anaga, Tenerife); C, a shell of Helix textilis Shuttleworth, 1852, from Marcos y Cordero, La Palma.

FIGURE 3 in A new Discidae subgenus and two new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Canary Islands

FIGURE 3. Atlantica (Canaridiscus) saproxylophaga sp. nov. A, snail at early stage of dissection (left side); B, relation between the genital system and the muscles of the columellar muscle pack, mainly the right ommatophore retractor; C, genital system unfolded with three penis cross sections, proximal, intermediate and distal; D, E, details of the distal zone of the genital system; F, longitudinal section of the vas deferens–penis connection; G, detail of the albumen gland, talon and distal zone of the hermaphroditic duct with the "ampulla"; a, atrium; ag, albumen gland; am, ampulla; b, bridle between the atrium and the vas deferens; bb, buccal bulb; bc, bursa copulatrix; bcd, bursa copulatrix duct; cg, cerebral ganglia; cm, columellar muscle pack; go, genital orifice; hd, hermaphroditic duct; o, oviduct; or, ommatophore retractors; p, penis; pr, penis retractor; sp, spermoviduct; t, talon; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Scale bar of the figs A–C: 10 mm; that of all the others, 1 mm.