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Figs 125-129 in Revision of the wasp genus Ammophila KIRBY, 1798 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Sub-Saharan Region of Africa

Figs 125-129: pronotal collar of female in dorsal view.

Figs 173-178 in Revision of the wasp genus Ammophila KIRBY, 1798 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Sub-Saharan Region of Africa

Figs 173-178: male clypeus.

Figs 167-172 in Revision of the wasp genus Ammophila KIRBY, 1798 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Sub-Saharan Region of Africa

Figs 167-172: male clypeus.

Figs 191-196 in Revision of the wasp genus Ammophila KIRBY, 1798 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Sub-Saharan Region of Africa

Figs 191-196: male clypeus.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2008View details →

Fig. 2 in A new species of Systelloderes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalidae) from South Africa

Fig. 2. Systelloderes stysi sp. nov., holotype, female, head in lateral view.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2008View details →

Figs. 1 in A new species of Systelloderes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalidae) from South Africa

Figs. 1. Systelloderes stysi sp. nov., holotype, female, dorsal

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figs. 32-33 in Contribution to the genus Metopius PANZER (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) from Africa South of Sahara

Figs. 32-33: Scutellum of: (32) Metopius ethiopicus nov.sp. ♀; (33) M. clathratus BENOIT 6

dryad36/100

Mesocarnivore community structuring in the presence of Africa's apex predator

Apex predator reintroductions have proliferated across southern Africa, yet their ecological effects and proposed umbrella benefits of associated management lack empirical evaluations. Despite a rich theory on top-down ecosystem regulation via mesopredator (<20kg) suppression, a knowledge gap exists relating to the influence of lions (Panthera leo) over Africa's diverse mesocarnivore communities. We investigate how geographical variation in mesocarnivore community richness and occupancy across South African reserves is associated with the presence of lions. An interesting duality emerged: lion reserves held more mesocarnivore-rich communities, yet mesocarnivore occupancy rates and evenness-weighted diversity were lower in the presence of lions. Human population density in the reserve surroundings had a similarly ubiquitous negative effect on mesocarnivore occupancy. The positive association between species richness and lion presence corroborated the umbrella species concept but translated into small differences in community size. Distributional contractions of mesocarnivore species within lion reserves, and potentially corresponding numerical reductions, suggest within-community mesopredator suppression by lions, likely as a result of lethal encounters and responses to a landscape of fear. Our findings offer empirical support for theoretical understanding of processes underpinning carnivore community assembly and are of conservation relevance under current large-predator orientated management and conservation paradigms.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2003View details →

FIG. 1 in Pliocene brachiopods from north-western Africa

FIG. 1. — Localities from which the brachiopods were collected, in Morocco (A) and Algeria (B).

FIG. 31 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist

FIG. 31. — Distribution of the number of Togolese mammal species by ecological zone.

FIG. 20 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist

FIG. 20. — Chlorocebus tantalus (Ogilby, 1841). Photograph: Gabriel Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto.

FIG. 1 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist

FIG. 1. — Map of Togo, showing the five ecological zones.

FIG. 23 in Non-marine mammals of Togo (West Africa): an annotated checklist

FIG. 23. — Elephants from the borders between Burkina Faso and Togo. Photograph: Emmanuel Hema.

opencc-zeroMar 2009View details →

FIG. 2 in A systematic review of "Asthenotoma spiralis (Smith, 1872)" in West Africa, with description of two new species (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conoidea)

FIG. 2. — Pleurotoma spiralis Smith, 1872, single syntype from Ouidah, Benin (height 9.5 mm, BMNH).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2007View details →

Figs 72-76 in Oocystis lacustris CHOD. (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) in Lake Tanganyika (Africa)

Figs 72-76: Oocystis lacustris CHODAT from Lake Tanganyika: Scale bar: 10 μm (original).

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An interpolated biogeographic framework for tropical Africa using plant species distributions and the physical environment

Aim: Existing phytogeographic frameworks for tropical Africa lack either spatial completeness, unit definitions smaller than the regional scale, or a quantitative approach. We investigate whether physical environmental variables can be used to interpolate floristically defined vegetation units, presenting an interpolated, hierarchical, quantitative phytogeographic framework for tropical Africa, which is compared to previously defined regions. Location: Tropical mainland Africa 24°N to 24°S. Taxon: 31,046 vascular plant species and infraspecific taxa. Methods: We calculate a betasim dissimilarity matrix from a comprehensive whole-flora database of plant species distributions. We investigate environmental correlates of floristic turnover with local non-metric multidimensional scaling. We derive a hierarchical biogeographic framework by clustering the dissimilarity matrix. The framework is modelled using a classification decision tree method and 12 physical environmental variables to interpolate and downscale the framework across the study region. Results: Floristic turnover is related strongly to water availability and temperature, with smaller contributions from land cover, topographic ruggedness and lithology. Region can be predicted with 90% accuracy by the model. We define 19 regions and 99 districts. We find a novel arrangement of the arid regions. Regional subdivision within the savanna biome is supported with minor variation to borders. Within the forests of west and central Africa, our whole-flora gridded regionalisation supports the divisions identified by a previous analysis of trees only. Main conclusions: Physical environmental variables can be used to predict floristically defined vegetation units with very high accuracy, and the approach could be pursued for other inc ompletely sampled taxa and areas outside of tropical Africa. Geographic coherence is higher than in previous quantitative phytoregional definitions. For most tropical African vascular plant species, we provide predictions of which species will occur within each mapped district and region of tropical Africa. The framework should be useful for future studies in ecology, evolution and conservation.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Figure 62 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XVIII Gint banfasae sp n from Somaliland (Buthidae)

Figure 62: Map showing confirmed distribution of Gint spp.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Figures 60–61 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XVIII Gint banfasae sp n from Somaliland (Buthidae)

Figures 60–61: Gint banfasae sp. n., type locality.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Climate change impacts on ecosystems and adaptation options in nine countries in southern Africa: What do we know?

Dataset used in the systematic review of scientific articles published during the period 2000-2020, which (i) addressed observed and projected impacts of climate change on different species, populations and ecosystems in nine southern African countries, and (ii) formulated management and policy responses aiming to mitigate these impacts.