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FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Heterophrynus Pocock, 1894 from Colombia with distribution notes and a new synonymy (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Phrynidae)

FIGURE 3. Heterophrynus batesii (Butler, 1873): comparison between specimens from Brazil and Colombia: a-c (MNRJ 9126 from Brazil, Pará) and d–g (topotype of H. nicefori; MNRJ 9121) from Colombia, Meta; Villavicencio; a. Male gonopod, left side, ventral view; b. Same, detail of LoD apex; c. Same, detail of LoL 1 microsculpture; d. Male gonopod, left side, ventral view; e. Same, detail of LoD apex; f. Same, detail of LoL 1 microsculpture; g. Female gonopod, general dorsal view.

FIGURES 12–17 in A new species of Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) from Nepal, the first record of the genus from Asia, showing an ancient distribution pattern

FIGURES 12–17. Urodeta noreikai, sp. nov., female genitalia. 12, caudal part, paratype, gen. prep. VS318; 13, same, ductus and corpus bursae; 14, same, caudal part, enlarged; 15, same, colliculum and caudal part of ductus bursae: Ap. post.— apophyses posteriores, Ap. anter.—apophyses anteriores, Addit. apoph.—additional apophyses; 16, same, signum; 17, signum, paratype, gen. prep. VS315. Scale bars 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 7–11 in A new species of Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) from Nepal, the first record of the genus from Asia, showing an ancient distribution pattern

FIGURES 7–11. Urodeta noreikai, sp. nov., male genitalia. 7, general view (phallus removed), paratype, gen. prep. VS316; 8, same, lateral view, an arrow indicates the dorsal lobe of valva (in glycerol before permanent mounting in Euparal); 9, apical part of phallus, holotype, gen. prep. VS385; 10, same, paratype, gen. prep. VS316; 11, same, gen. prep. VS384. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 1–6 in A new species of Urodeta (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae: Elachistinae) from Nepal, the first record of the genus from Asia, showing an ancient distribution pattern

FIGURES 1–6. Urodeta noreikai, sp. nov. 1, adult male, holotype; 2, same, head; 3, adult male, paratype, scale bars 1 mm; 4, head of female, paratype; 5, male genitalia (phallus removed), holotype, gen. prep. VS385; 6, same, phallus. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 9. Genealogical network for the control region haplotypes observed within the clades of Uca crassipes (White, 1947) (collected from the Ryukyus, Taiwan, the Philippines, Guam, Indonesia, Cocos-Keeling, New Caledonia and Polynesia) and U. boninensis sp. nov. (from Ogasawara Is.). The ancestral haplotype, or root of the network, is indicated by a square. Unlabelled nodes indicate inferred haplotypes not found in the sampled population.

FIGURE 8. A in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 8. A minimum evolution (ME) tree for Uca crassipes (White, 1947), U. boninensis sp. nov., U. splendida (Stimpson, 1858) and U. chlorophthalmus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), based on the combined cytochrome oxidase I and control region genes. Probability values at the nodes represent support values for ME, maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML). For haplotype names, see Table 1. "*" means the haplotype is heteroplasmic obtained by cloning.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 7. Morphology of different sizes of male Uca chlorophthalmus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (CHL), U. crassipes (White, 1847) (CRA), U. boninensis sp. nov. (BON) and U. splendida (Stimpson, 1858) (SPL). A, CHL: CW 13.1 mm (Kenya; NCHUZOOL 13498), CRA: 13.1 mm (Cocos-Keeling; ZRC), BON: 13.0 mm (Ogasawara Is.; CBM 11245) and SPL: 13.0 mm (New Taipei, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13446). B, CHL: 19.2 mm (Mayotte; MNHN-IU-2011-5600), CRA: 19.1 mm (Philippines; NCHUZOOL 13473), BON: 18.8 mm (Ogasawara Is.; CBM-ZC 11245) and SPL: 19.2 mm (Penghu, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13456). C, CRA: 23.1 mm (Dongsha, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13464); BON: 21.6 mm (Ogasawara Is.; CBM-ZC 11245) and SPL: 23.5 mm (Penghu, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13488). Some males' chelae are separated from the body.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 6. Uca boninensis sp. nov., showing live coloration. A, B, male, NCHUZOOL 13593; C, female, NCHUZOOL 13594. Photographs taken by Tetsuro Sasaki.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 5. Carapace in dorsal view. A, Uca boninensis sp. nov., paratype, male (CW 23.5 mm), CBM-ZC 11245; B, Uca boninensis sp. nov., paratype, female (CW 20.5 mm), same lot; C, Uca crassipes (White, 1847), female (CW 16.6 mm), CBM- ZC 11958 (ex NCHUZOOL 13472).

FIGURE 4. A–D in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 4. A–D, Uca boninensis sp. nov., holotype, male (CW 19.0 mm), CBM-ZC 12094; E, F, Uca crassipes (White, 1847), male (CW 17.1 mm), CBM-ZC 7460. A, E, carapace, dorsal view; E, F, left G1, mesial view; C, close up of distal part of left G1, mesial view; D, same, lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm for A, E; 1 mm for B. F; 0.5 mm for C, D.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 3. Uca boninensis sp. nov., holotype, male (CW 19.0 mm), CBM-ZC 12094. A, anterior part of carapace and appendages, frontal view; B, major cheliped, outer view.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of fiddler crab from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, separated from the widely-distributed sister species Uca (Paraleptuca) crassipes (White, 1847) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)

FIGURE 1. Collection sites for specimens of Uca crassipes (White, 1847), U. boninensis sp. nov. and U. splendida (Stimpson, 1858) used in this study: red solid circles (nos. 1–3, 5, 13–18) for U. crassipes; green rhombus (no. 23) for U. boninensis sp. nov.; blue triangles (nos. 9, 11, 12) for U. splendida; and purple squares (nos. 4, 6–8) for U. crassipes and U. splendida sympatrically. Red empty circles and green empty rhombus mean the additional records of U. crassipes and U. boninensis sp. nov. respectively from other references (Sakai 1939; Ooishi 1970; Crane 1975; Yoshigou 2001). Different lines indicate the updated ranges of the three species (modified from Shih et al. 2012). Inserted figure is a map of Chichi-jima I. and Ani-jima I.

FIGURE 7 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 7. Size (in mm SL) and maturity information for Azygopus flemingi collected from various locations in marine waters off New Zealand. A. Summary of size information for 122 specimens (sexes combined). B. Summary of size and maturity information for males. C. Summary of size and maturity information for females.

FIGURE 3 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 3. Shape and position of upper jaw relative to ventral margin of orbit of non-migrated eye and presence or absence of wedge-shaped patch of scales between eye and jaw in two species of Azygopus. A. Azygopus flemingi. Note: little or no space between most of jaw and orbit, except posterior end of jaw slightly angled away from orbital rim, and absence of scales between ventral margin of orbit and dorsal margin of jaw. B. Azygopus pinnifasciatus. Note: 1) posterior region of upper jaw angled farther away from ventral margin of orbit; 2) gradually widening space posteriorly between upper jaw and orbit; and 3) lachrymal area over posterior half of upper jaw with wedge-shaped patch of scales (1–3 scales) between upper jaw and ventral rim of orbit.

FIGURE 6 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 6. Ocular-side color patterns featuring ring-shaped markings in addition to extensive spotting found in some Azygopus flemingi. A. NMNZ P.039604, 63.1 mm SL; juvenile female; Southern Norfolk Ridge (34º37.4417'S, 168º57.5667'E); 521–539 m; 03 Jun 2003. B. NMNZ P.032831, 112.4 mm SL; small adult female; Bay of Plenty, Southern Colville Ridge (36º57.750'S, 176º16.890'E); 405 m; 26 September 1995.

FIGURE 2 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 2. Sexual dimorphism in ocular-side nostrils and nasal capsules of mature Azygopus flemingi. A. Female. B. Male.

FIGURE 5 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 5. More recently-collected specimens of Azygopus flemingi Nielsen, 1961 from several locations in marine waters off New Zealand. A. Ocular side of NMNZ P.042401 (123.1 mm SL; female), North Auckland east of Cuvier Island/Colville Channel (36º25.40'S, 176º11.050'E), 422–423 m, 30 May 2006. B. Blind side of Azygopus flemingi (NMNZ P.042401). C. Ocular side of NMNZ P.031030 (122.4 mm SL; female), Hawke's Bay east of Cape Kidnappers (39º50.80'S, 177º28.780'E), 419–450 m, 16 January 1994.

FIGURE 9 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 9. Depth of capture information for 194 specimens of Azygopus flemingi collected in marine waters off New Zealand.

FIGURE 4 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 4. Scales from mid-region of blind side of body in two species of Azygopus. A. Azygopus flemingi (NMNZ P42401; 123.1 mm SL) collected off New Zealand. B. Azygopus pinnifasciatus (AMS I.27065–01; 133.6 mm SL) collected off southern Australia. Note also pepperdot pigmentation over proximal regions of scales. (See text for full explanation of diagnostic differences between species in their blind-side scales).

FIGURE 10 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

FIGURE 10. Radiographs of two species of Azygopus. A. Holotype (ZMUC P853105, 91 mm SL) of Azygopus flemingi Nielsen, 1961, Tasman Sea off the South Island of New Zealand (42º10'S, 170º10'E; 610 m). B. Holotype (AMS E.3600, 128.2 mm SL) of Azygopus pinnifasciatus Norman, 1926, off southern Australia. Red arrows indicate interneural spaces where three pterygiophores are inserted; black arrows indicate interneural spaces where two pterygiophores are inserted.