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FIGURE 27 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 27. Hungerfordia papilio papilio sp. et subsp. nov. (A1–A4) A paratype from Loc. Gk4-3, B0374a; (B) columella (dorsal view), (C) axial ribs above the aperture, and (D) sculpture on the last 2–4 whorls of paratypes from Loc. Gk4-3 (B0374a, b); (E) a paratype after removal of the winged ribs, Loc. Gk4-3, B0374c; (F) a paratype from Gk4-3, B0374d; (G1– G4) holotype, B0434T; (H) a paratype from Loc. Gk6-3, B0858; (I) a paratypes from Loc. Gk7-3, B0963; (J) umbilical view of a paratype after removal of the winged ribs, Loc. Gk4-3, B0374c; (K1, K2) outer surface, and (K3, K4) inner surface of operculum of a paratype, Loc. Gk4-3, B0374. Scale bars, 1mm (A–J), 0.5 mm (K). All specimens, UMUTZ-MG.

FIGURE 13 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 13. Hungerfordia triplochilus sp. nov. (A1–A5) A topotypic paratype, B0158a; (B) columellar tooth (left lateral view), topotypic paratype, B0158b; (C) axial ribs above the aperture, a subadult of topotypic paratype, B0158c; (D1) sculpture on the last 1–1.5 whorls, and (D2) sculpture on the last 1.5–2 whorls of topotypic paratypes (B0158a, d); (E1–E4) holotype, B0158T; (F) apical septum, a partially opened paratype from Loc. Gk1-2, B0145; (G) sculpture behind the aperture, holotype, B0158T; (H) a worn paratype from Loc. Gk7-7, B1025; (I) a paratype from Loc. Gk7-5, B1000; (J1, J2) outer surface, and (J3, J4) inner surface of operculum, a topotypic paratype, B0158. Scale bars, 1mm (A–E, G–I), 0.5 mm (F, J). All specimens, UMUTZ-MG.

FIGURE 12. Hungerfordia pelewensis Beddome, 1889 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 12. Hungerfordia pelewensis Beddome, 1889. (A1–A5) An adult from Loc. Ko2-2, B0046a; (B) an adult from Loc. Ko5-6, B0542; (C1–C3) an adult from Loc. Gk5-5, B0651a; (D1–D3) a juvenile, and (E1–E3) a subadult from Loc. Ub6-1 (B0752a, b); (E4) enlarged Fig. E2, showing an abrupt change of the sculpture and whorl shape on the last whorl; (F) subapical views of broken adults showing the columellar tooth and the constriction: (F1) an adult from Loc. Gk5-5, B0651b; (F2) an adult from Loc. Ko2-2, B0046b; (G) a young subadult from Loc. Gk5-5, B0752c; (H) sculpture on penultimate and the higher two whorls, a subadult from Loc. Ub6-1, B0752; (I) protoconch, an adult from Loc. Ko2-2, B0651c; (J) an adult from Loc. BA4-1, B0283; (K) an adult from Loc. Gk5-5, B0046c; (L1, L2) outer surface, and (L3, L4) inner surface of operculum, Loc. Ko2-2, B0046. Arrow heads show position of the constriction. Scale bars, 1mm (A–G, J, K), 0.5 mm (H, I, L). All specimens, UMUTZ-MG.

FIGURE 10 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 10. Opercula of Palaina (Eupalaina) and Hungerfordia species. (A) P. (E.) moussoni Crosse, 1866, B0229; (B) P. (E.) dimorpha Crosse, 1866, B0087; (C) P. (E.) sp.-18, longitudinal section, B0082; (D) P. (E.) patula Crosse, 1866, B0204; (E) H. polymorpha (Crosse, 1866), B0049; (F) H. pelewensis Beddome, 1889, B0046; (G) H. polymorpha (Crosse, 1866), longitudinal section, B0049; (H) H. alata (Crosse, 1866), B0058. Oblique view of the outer surface, oblique view of the inner surface, and vertical view of the inner surface are shown from left to right in Figs. A, B, E, and F. Oblique view of the inner surface and vertical view of the inner surface are shown from left to right in Figs. D and H. Scale bars, 0.5 mm (A–B, D, E–F, H), 0.1 mm (C, G). All specimens, UMUTZ-MG.

FIGURE 8 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 8. Radulae and buccal masses of Hungerfordia and Palaina (Eupalaina) species. (A1–A4) H. pelewensis Beddome, 1889, B0283; (B1–B4) H. polymorpha (Crosse, 1866), B0315; (C1–C4) P. (E.) sp.-20, B0595; (D1, D2) P. (E.) patula Crosse, 1866, B0320; (E1) H. pelewensis Beddome, 1889, buccal mass, B0283; (E2) H. polymorpha (Crosse, 1866), buccal mass, B0315; (E3) P. (E.) patula Crosse, 1866, buccal mass, B0320. Scale bars, 10 µm (A–D), 0.5 mm (E1–E3). All specimens, UMUTZ-MG.

FIGURE 9 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 9. Radulae of Hungerfordia species. (A) H. pelewensis Beddome, 1889, B0283; (B) H. triplochilus sp. nov., topotypic paratype, B0158; (C) H. expansilabris sp. nov., topotypic paratype, B1299; (D) H. nudicollum sp. nov., topotypic paratype, B0364; (E) H. echinata echinata sp. et subsp. nov., paratype, B1084; (F) H. echinata tubulispina subsp. nov., topotypic paratype, B0169; (G) H. elegantissima sp. nov., topotypic paratype, B0375; (H) H. goniobasis goniobasis sp. et subsp. nov., topotypic paratype, B0235; (I) H. goniobasis dmasechensis subsp. nov., topotypic paratype, B0579; (J) H. lamellata (Crosse, 1866), B0157; (K) H. subalata sp. nov., paratype, B0021; (L) H. pteropurpuroides sp. nov., topotypic paratype, B1116; (M) H. alata (Crosse, 1866), B1041; (N) H. papilio papilio sp. et subsp. nov., paratype, B0374; (O) H. papilio stenoptera subsp. nov., paratype, B0761. Scale bars, 10 µm. All specimens, UMUTZ-MG.

FIGURE 6 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 6. Terminology used in this study. (A) Shell dimensions. Abbreviations: D, shell diameter; H, shell height; PH, peristome height; SW, suture width. (B) An example showing the axial protrusions of shell wall along the axial ribs. Umbilical view of a shell of Hungerfordia pyramis (Crosse, 1866), only the last whorl shown. (C) Apical septa of some Hungerfordia species: (C1) apical whorls of a shell (live condition) of H. pteropurpuroides sp. nov.; (C2) apical whorls of a partially opened shell of H. alata (Crosse, 1866), which shows construction of an internal septum; (C3) subapical view of a shell of H. triplochilus sp. nov. after removal of the empty apical whorls above the septum.

FIGURE 7 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 7. Male soft parts of Palaina (Eupalaina) and Hungerfordia species. (A1, A2) P. (E.) patula Crosse, 1866, B0753; (B) P. (E.) sp.-20, live condition, B0732; (C) H. inflatula (Crosse, 1866), B0217; (D) H. pelewensis Beddome, 1889, live condition, B0651; (E) H. polymorpha (Crosse, 1866), live condition, B0659. Arrow heads indicate penes. Scale bars, 1mm. All specimens, UMUTZ-MG.

FIGURES 4–5 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURES 4–5. Enlarged maps of Palau islands showing collecting sites. Top (Fig. 4), map of Ngerkutabel island and its neighboring islands or islets; bottom (Fig. 5), map of Mecherchar island and its neighboring islands or islets. Abbreviations of the collecting sites are listed in Table 2.

FIGURE 1 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 1. Map of Palau islands showing collecting sites. Small red circles show collecting sites. Areas encircled by blue rectangles are shown as enlarged maps in Figs. 2–5. Abbreviations of the collecting sites are listed in Table 2.

FIGURE 26 in Systematic review of diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae) endemic to the Palau Islands. (1) Generic classification and revision of Hungerfordia species with highly developed axial ribs

FIGURE 26. Hungerfordia alata (Crosse, 1866). (A1–A4) Syntype of "Palaina" alata, MNHN 26601; (B1, B2) original labels of the syntype; (C) a fresh specimen with a narrow interspace between the inner and outer peristomes, Loc. Ch5-1, UMUTZ- MG-B0523b. Scale bar, 1mm.

Figure 9 in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 9. The Bayesian tree for COI gene sequences assigned to Trochulus. Two sequences of Trochulus lubomirskii (= Trichia lubomirskii = Plicuteria lubomirskii) and one Petasina bielzi were also included as the out-group. Labels for Trochulus hispidus, Trochulus plebeius, and Trochulus phorochaetius were coloured in red, blue, and green, respectively. Additional acronyms beside the species name or an ampersand symbol '&' indicate 100% sequence identity for the joined names. Numbers at nodes, in the order shown, correspond to posterior probabilities estimated in MrBayes (MB), as well as bootstrap support values calculated in TreeFinder (TF), and PAUP using the weighted least squares (LS) method. Values of the posterior probabilities and bootstrap percentages lower than 0.50 and 50%, respectively, were omitted or indicated by a dash '-'.

Figure 5 in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 5. Variation of the ratio of the umbilicus minor to its major diameter (u/U) in Trochulus phorochaetius and Trochulus plebeius. Numbers over the box plots indicate mean values. Letters 'a' and 'b' indicate significant differences determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test (P <0.001). Abbreviations are as defined in Table 1.

Figure 2. A in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 2. A, Trochulus phorochaetius specimen from Sassenage; B, Trochulus plebeius specimen from Échallon; C, T. plebeius specimen from Coiserette; D, Trochulus hispidus specimen from Schramberg. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figure 4 in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 4. Canonical discriminant analysis based on shell measurements of Trochulus hispidus, Trochulus plebeius, Trochulus phorochaetius, and the Coiserette specimens. Wilks' lambda = 0.0229, F30,664 = 58.009, P <0.00001.

Figure 8 in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 8. Canonical discriminant analysis based on genital measurements of Trochulus hispidus, Trochulus plebeius, Trochulus phorochaetius, and the Coiserette specimens. Wilks' lambda = 0.10933, F21,115 = 6.3833, P <0.00001.

Figure 1 in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 1. Geographical locations of the populations sampled (*) in France (A), Poland (B), Great Britain (C), and Germany (D); , main cities. See Table 1 for abbreviations.

Figure 7 in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 7. Correspondence analysis of qualitative data in Tochulus taxa and the Coiserette specimens.

Figure 3 in Genetic and morphological studies of species status for poorly known endemic Trochulus phorochaetius (Bourguignat, 1864) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae), and its comparison with closely related taxa

Figure 3. Shell traits: A, internal rib (ir) in Trochulus plebeius specimen from Zieleniec; B, band (b) in Trochulus hispidus specimen from Échallon; C, short hairs in T. plebeius specimen from Coiserette; D, long hairs in Trochulus phorochaetius specimen from Le Pont du Lac; E, very long hairs in Trochulus villosulus specimen from Wojtkowa, south-east Poland; F, very long hairs in Trochulus villosus specimen from Fützen, south Germany; G, short hairs in T. hispidus specimen from Buchenbach. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 mm; C–G, 1 mm.