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864 results for “Brain function”
Data from: Amyloid and cerebrovascular burden divergently influence brain functional network changes over time
Objective: To examine the effects of baseline Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease markers on longitudinal default mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN) functional connectivity (FC) changes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Methods: We studied 30 amnestic (aMCI) and 55 subcortical vascular MCI (svMCI) patients with baseline Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)–positron emission tomography (PET) scans and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Participants were followed up clinically with annual MR imaging for up to four years (aMCI: 26 with two time-points, 4 with three time-points; svMCI: 13 with two time-points, 16 with three time-points, 26 with four time-points). Results: Amyloid-β burden was associated with longitudinal DMN FC declines, while cerebrovascular burden was associated with longitudinal ECN FC changes. When patients were divided into PiB+ and PiB- groups, PiB+ patients showed longitudinal DMN FC declines, while svMCI patients showed longitudinal ECN FC increases. Direct comparisons between the two groups without mixed pathology (aMCI PiB+ and svMCI PiB-) recapitulated this divergent pattern: aMCI PiB+ patients showed steeper longitudinal DMN FC declines, while svMCI PiB- patients showed steeper longitudinal ECN FC increases. Finally, using baseline PiB uptake and lacune numbers as continuous variables, baseline PiB uptake showed inverse U-shape associations with longitudinal DMN FC changes in both MCI subtypes, while baseline lacune numbers showed both mainly inverse-U shape relationships with longitudinal ECN FC changes in svMCI patients. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the divergent effects of amyloid-β and cerebrovascular burden on longitudinal FC changes in the DMN and ECN in the pre-dementia stage, which reflect the underlying pathology and may be used to track early changes in Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease.
Data from: Transcriptomic analysis of the lesser spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) pancreas, liver and brain reveals molecular level conservation of vertebrate pancreas function
Background: Understanding the evolution of the vertebrate pancreas is key to understanding its functions. The chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays) have often been suggested to possess the most ancient example of a distinct pancreas with both hormonal (endocrine) and digestive (exocrine) roles. The lack of genetic, genomic and transcriptomic data for cartilaginous fish has hindered a more thorough understanding of the molecular-level functions of the chondrichthyan pancreas, particularly with respect to their "unusual" energy metabolism (where ketone bodies and amino acids are the main oxidative fuel source) and their paradoxical ability to both maintain stable blood glucose levels and tolerate extensive periods of hypoglycemia. In order to shed light on some of these processes, we carried out the first large-scale comparative transcriptomic survey of multiple cartilaginous fish tissues: the pancreas, brain and liver of the lesser spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula. Results: We generated a mutli-tissue assembly comprising 86,006 contigs, of which 44,794 were assigned to a particular tissue or combination of tissues based on mapping of sequencing reads. We have characterised transcripts encoding genes involved in insulin regulation, glucose sensing, transcriptional regulation, signaling and digestion, as well as many peptide hormone precursors and their receptors for the first time. Comparisons to mammalian pancreas transcriptomes reveals that mechanisms of glucose sensing and insulin regulation used to establish and maintain a stable internal environment are conserved across jawed vertebrates and likely pre-date the vertebrate radiation. Conservation of pancreatic hormones and genes encoding digestive proteins support the single, early evolution of a distinct pancreatic gland with endocrine and exocrine functions in jawed vertebrates. In addition, we demonstrate that chondrichthyes lack pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and that reports of PP in the literature are likely due cross-reaction with PYY and/or NPY in the pancreas. A three hormone islet organ is therefore the ancestral jawed vertebrate condition, later elaborated upon only in the tetrapod lineage. Conclusions: The cartilaginous fish are a great untapped resource for the reconstruction of patterns and processes of vertebrate evolution and new approaches such as those described in this paper will greatly facilitate their incorporation into the rank of "model organism".
Data from: Choosing wavelet methods, filters, and lengths for functional brain network construction
Wavelet methods are widely used to decompose fMRI, EEG, or MEG signals into time series representing neurophysiological activity in fixed frequency bands. Using these time series, one can estimate frequency-band specific functional connectivity between sensors or regions of interest, and thereby construct functional brain networks that can be examined from a graph theoretic perspective. Despite their common use, however, practical guidelines for the choice of wavelet method, filter, and length have remained largely undelineated. Here, we explicitly explore the effects of wavelet method (MODWT vs. DWT), wavelet filter (Daubechies Extremal Phase, Daubechies Least Asymmetric, and Coiflet families), and wavelet length (2 to 24)—each essential parameters in wavelet-based methods—on the estimated values of graph metrics and in their sensitivity to alterations in psychiatric disease. We observe that the MODWT method produces less variable estimates than the DWT method. We also observe that the length of the wavelet filter chosen has a greater impact on the estimated values of graph metrics than the type of wavelet chosen. Furthermore, wavelet length impacts the sensitivity of the method to detect differences between health and disease and tunes classification accuracy. Collectively, our results suggest that the choice of wavelet method and length significantly alters the reliability and sensitivity of these methods in estimating values of metrics drawn from graph theory. They furthermore demonstrate the importance of reporting the choices utilized in neuroimaging studies and support the utility of exploring wavelet parameters to maximize classification accuracy in the development of biomarkers of psychiatric disease and neurological disorders.
Data from: Combining animal personalities with transcriptomics resolves individual variation within a wild-type zebrafish population and identifies underpinning molecular differences in brain function
Resolving phenotype variation within a population in response to environmental perturbation is central to understanding biological adaptation. Relating meaningful adaptive changes at the level of the transcriptome requires the identification of processes that have a functional significance for the individual. This remains a major objective towards understanding the complex interactions between environmental demand and an individual's capacity to respond to such demands. The interpretation of such interactions and the significance of biological variation between individuals from the same or different populations remain a difficult and under-addressed question. Here, we provide evidence that variation in gene expression between individuals in a zebrafish population can be partially resolved by a priori screening for animal personality and accounts for >9% of observed variation in the brain transcriptome. Proactive and reactive individuals within a wild-type population exhibit consistent behavioural responses over time and context that relates to underlying differences in regulated gene networks and predicted protein–protein interactions. These differences can be mapped to distinct regions of the brain and provide a foundation towards understanding the coordination of underpinning adaptive molecular events within populations.
Data from: Drosophila clock is required in brain pacemaker neurons to prevent premature locomotor aging independently of its circadian function
Circadian clocks control many self-sustained rhythms in physiology and behavior with approximately 24-hour periodicity. In many organisms, oxidative stress and aging negatively impact the circadian system and sleep. Conversely, loss of the clock decreases resistance to oxidative stress, and may reduce lifespan and speed up brain aging and neurodegeneration. Here we examined the effects of clock disruptions on locomotor aging and longevity in Drosophila. We found that lifespan was similarly reduced in three arrhythmic mutants (ClkAR, cyc0 and tim0) and in wild-type flies under constant light, which stops the clock. In contrast, ClkAR mutants showed significantly faster age-related locomotor deficits (as monitored by startle-induced climbing) than cyc0 and tim0, or than control flies under constant light. Reactive oxygen species accumulated more with age in ClkAR mutant brains, but this did not appear to contribute to the accelerated locomotor decline of the mutant. Clk, but not Cyc, inactivation by RNA interference in the pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-expressing central pacemaker neurons led to similar loss of climbing performance as ClkAR. Conversely, restoring Clk function in these cells was sufficient to rescue the ClkAR locomotor phenotype, independently of behavioral rhythmicity. Accelerated locomotor decline of the ClkAR mutant required expression of the PDF receptor and correlated to an apparent loss of dopaminergic neurons in the posterior protocerebral lateral 1 (PPL1) clusters. This neuronal loss was rescued when the ClkAR mutation was placed in an apoptosis-deficient background. Impairing dopamine synthesis in a single pair of PPL1 neurons that innervate the mushroom bodies accelerated locomotor decline in otherwise wild-type flies. Our results therefore reveal a novel circadian-independent requirement for Clk in brain circadian neurons to maintain a subset of dopaminergic cells and avoid premature locomotor aging in Drosophila.
Dysfunctions-of-Multiscale-Dynamic-Brain-Functional-Networks-in-Subjective-Cognitive-Decline
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Brain-wide cellular resolution imaging of Cre transgenic zebrafish lines for functional circuit-mapping
Decoding the functional connectivity of the nervous system is facilitated by transgenic methods that express a genetically encoded reporter or effector in specific neurons; however, most transgenic lines show broad spatiotemporal and cell-type expression. Increased specificity can be achieved using intersectional genetic methods which restrict reporter expression to cells that co-express multiple drivers, such as Gal4 and Cre. To facilitate intersectional targeting in zebrafish, we have generated more than 50 new Cre lines, and co-registered brain expression images with the Zebrafish Brain Browser, a cellular resolution atlas of 264 transgenic lines. Lines labeling neurons of interest can be identified using a web-browser to perform a 3D spatial search (zbbrowser.com). This resource facilitates the design of intersectional genetic experiments and will advance a wide range of precision circuit-mapping studies.
AD-brain functional gene network
<p>AD-brain functional gene network</p>
Brain Function in Response to Motivational Stimuli
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00047866. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
A Study of How Proton Beam Radiotherapy (PBRT) Affects Brain Function and Quality of Life in Children and Young Adults Undergoing Treatment for a Brain Tumor
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05288439. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Role of the Right Brain in Recovery of Language Function in Chronic Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00076479. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Exercise Training Effects on Cognition and Brain Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Project EXACT
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03677440. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Examining Cognitive Function and Brain Abnormalities in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00528801. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effects of Added Sugar Intake on Brain Blood Flow and Hippocampal Function in Midlife Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05211726. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Assess the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal Changes in the Brain by Paracetamol as Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Subjects With Osteoarthritis (OA)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01105936. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Brain Structure and Function Before and After Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00069225. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Brain Function and Structure in Cocaine Dependence
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02080832. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Brain Function and Decision-Making
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03974282. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Using Combined EEG and Non-invasive Brain Stimulation to Examine and Improve Reward Functioning in Opioid Use Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04432493. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of EGb761® on Brain Glucose Metabolism in Three Groups of Elderly Defined by Cognitive Functions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00814346. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.