Find research datasets worth reusing

Figs 3–15. Females. 3–8. Thorax, dorsal view. 3–4 in Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection

Figs 3–15. Females. 3–8. Thorax, dorsal view. 3–4. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 3. neireti Roubaud, 1905. 4. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 5. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 6. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. — 7. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 8. S. (Obuchovia) margaritae Rubtsov, 1956. — 9–15. Cibarium of females. 9–12. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 9. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 10. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 11. tarsatum Macquart, 1846. 12. pulverulentum Knab, 1915. — 13–15. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 13. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 14. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 15. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. Scale bars: 3–8 = 0.25 mm; 9–12, 14 = 0.05 mm; 13, 15 = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 2 in Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection

Fig. 2. Strict consensus of the 16 most parsimonious trees that resulted from the analysis under Equal Weights (Fit = 16.87, Ci = 0.22, Ri = 0.74). Blue terminal taxa are the ingroup species included in the analysis. Colored branches show the proposed classification. Simulium (Disculter) subgen. nov. correspond to old Oviedoi species-group.

Figs 107–127. 107–113 in Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection

Figs 107–127. 107–113. Larvas (last instar). 107–108. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 107. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 108. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. — 109. S. (Freemanellum) manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 110. S. (Hearlea) canadense Hearle, 1932. —111. S. (Hemicnetha) paynei Vargas, 1942. — 112. S. (Shewellomyia) pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 113. S. (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen, 1818. — 114–126. Last instar larvae. Head, dorsal view. 114–118. S. (Anasolen). 114. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 115. dentulosum. 116. imerinae. 117. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 118. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 119–120. S. (Freemanellum). 119. manense. 120. hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937. — 121. S. (Hearlea) canadense. — 122–123. S. (Hemicnetha). 122. brachycladum Lutz & Pinto, 1932. 123. paynei. — 124–125. S. (Shewellomyia). 124. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 125. pictipes. — 126. S. (Obuchovia) ibericum Crosskey & Santos Grácio, 1985. — 127. Antenna of S. (Anasolen) ambositrae. Scale bars: 107–113 = 1 mm; 114–126 = 0.5 mm; 127 = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 1 in Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection

Fig. 1. Strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees that resulted from the analysis under Implied Weights with K = 3 (Fit = 26.33977; Ci = 0.24; Ri = 0.75). Bremer support values (> 50) mapped above branches and bootstrap values over 50% are given below the nodes. Blue numbers on nodes (1–21) represent clades. Blue terminal taxa are the original ingroup included in the analysis. Colored branches show the proposed classification. Simulium (Disculter) subgen. nov. correspond to old Oviedoi species-group.

Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17 in Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection

Figs 16–32. Females. 16–21. Hypoginial valves. 16–17. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 16. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 17. neireti Roubaud, 1905. — 18. S. (Freemanellum) berghei Fain, 1949. — 19–20. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 19. cristalinum Coscarón & Py-Daniel, 1989. 20. virgatum Coquillett, 1902. — 21. S. (Trichodagmia) scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 22–32. Anal lobe and cercus. 22–23. S. (Anasolen). 22. masabae Gibbins, 1934. 23. neireti. — 24. S. (Freemanellum) hirsutilateris De-Meillon, 1937.— 25. S. (Hearlea) ayrozai Vargas, 1945. — 26. S. (Hemicnetha) tarsatum Macquart, 1846. — 27. S. (Shewellomyia) claricentrum Adler, 1990. — 28–30. S. (Trichodagmia). 28. guianense Wise, 1911. 29. lahillei (Paterson & Shannon, 1927). 30. scutistriatum. — 31–32. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 31. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 32. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars: 16–21 = 0.1 mm; 22–32 = 0.05 mm.

Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75 in Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) phylogeny revisited: the Neotropical and Afrotropical connection

Figs 71–90. Pupae. 71–75. Simulium (Anasolen) Enderlein, 1930. 71. ambositrae Grenier & Grjebine, 1959. 72. dentulosum Roubaud, 1915. 73. imerinae Roubaud, 1905. 74. iphias De-Meillon, 1951. 75. nili Gibbins, 1934. — 76–77. S. (Freemanellum) Crosskey, 1969. 76. debegene De-Meillon, 1934. 77. manense Elsen & Escaffre, 1976. — 78–79. S. (Hearlea) Vargas et al. 1946. 78. canadense Hearle, 1932. 79. capricorne De León, 1945. — 80–81. S. (Hemicnetha) Enderlein, 1934. 80. paynei Vargas, 1942. 81. rubrithorax Lutz, 1909. — 82–83. S (Shewellomyia) Peterson, 1975. 82. claricentrum Adler, 1990. 83. pictipes Hagen, 1880. — 84–85. S. (Obuchovia) Rubtsov, 1947. 84. albellum Rubtsov, 1947. 85. galloprovinciale Giudicelli, 1963. — 86–88. S. (Trichodagmia) Enderlein, 1934. 86. nigrimanum Macquart, 1838. 87. orbitale Lutz, 1910. 88. scutistriatum Lutz, 1909. — 89–90. S. (Disculter) subgen. nov. 89. rivasi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. 90. oviedoi Ramírez-Pérez, 1971. Scale bars = 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Input data and analyzed data of "Topology of synaptic connectivity constrains neuronal stimulus representation (...)"

This dataset contains the input data, as well as the analyzed data that our <a href="http://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.363929v1">preprint</a> Topology of synaptic connectivity constrains neuronal stimulus representation, predicting two complementary coding strategies to be found on <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.363929v1">bioRxiv</a> is based on. The input data (input_data.zip) contains everything that is needed to run the full <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/">analysis pipeline</a> from start to the generation of the figures found in the manuscript. However, some of the analysis steps can be computationally heavy, so we also provide the output of these expensive steps, that can be simply used in conjunction with jupyter notebooks (notebooks.zip) to generate the figures. Overview An overview image can be found <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/master/toposampling_pipeline_overview.png">here</a> Blue squares denote input / output files (that are part of this dataset). Grey circles denote steps of the analysis pipeline (that are implemented in the <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/">github repository</a>). Red rectangles denote configuration files (that are part of this dataset and also in the <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/">github repository</a>). This Dataset can also be browsed, downloaded and accessed as linked open data from the <a href="https://bbp.epfl.ch/nexus/web/studios/public/topological-sampling/studios/data:a7cc7e9f-53c5-4940-929c-95f4c4f57728?workspaceId=data:165e54c5-e8f6-4d85-ac94-53bc3dfe5cd4">BBP knowledge Graph based Data studios</a>. Contained file types and their structure Here, we provide four types of files. Configuration files specify analysis parameters and define the expected locations of the data files. Input files are the inputs into the analysis pipeline. Analyzed files are the outputs of said pipeline. Finally, we provide a number of jupyter notebooks that use the analyzed files to generate the manuscript figures. If you want to re-run the entire analysis pipeline, you need the code and configuration files from the <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/">repository</a>, the input files and notebooks; the analyzed files will be generated as you run the pipeline. For information how to run this, refer to the <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/blob/master/README.md">readme</a>. If you only want to generate the figures, you still need the code and configuration files from the repository, as it contains a package related to reading the result files; further, you need the analyzed files in addition to the input files. Of course, you can also run parts of the analysis pipeline and download the outputs for the rest. To run everything smoothly, the files have to be placed into the expected file structure. You can look up and configure the file structure in the configuration files. Below, we describe the default layout, which is very simple (root is where you placed the code from our <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/">repository</a> and can be any location on your file system): <ul> <li>Configuration files: Part of the <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/">repository.</a> Placed into root/working_dir/configs</li> <li>Input data: Place into root/working_dir/data, then unzip in place <ul> <li>input_data.zip -- Input data. Contains details on the model used in the manuscript and the output (spike times) of the simulation described in the manuscript. Within the file: <ul> <li>For details, see <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/topological_sampling/blob/master/README.md">readme</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li>Analyzed data: Place into root/working_dir/data, then unzip in place <ul> <li>classifier_features_results.zip -- Output of the "classifier" step. Results of stimulus classification on the data in features.zip</li> <li>classifier_manifold_results.zip -- Output of the "classifier" step. Results of stimulus classification on the data in extracted_components.zip</li> <li>community_database.zip -- Output of "gen_topo_db". Various topological parameters related to the close neighborhood of neurons in the model</li> <li>extracted_components.zip -- Output of "manifold_analysis". Results of factor analysis on the spike times in the input_data</li> <li>features.zip  -- Output of "topological_featurization". A new dimensionality reduction method we introduce in the <a href="http://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.363929v1">manuscript</a></li> <li>split_spike_trains.zip  -- Output of "split_time_windows". The spike trains, split into time windows that are the responses to individual stimuli injected in the simulation</li> <li>structural_parameters.zip -- Output of "Structural tribe analysis". Values for the topological parameters in community_database.zip associated with the neuron samples specified in tribes.zip</li> <li>structural_parameters_vol.zip -- Output of "Structural tribe analysis". Same as above, but for volumetric neuron samples.</li> <li>triads.zip -- Output of "Triad-counts". Over- and under-expression of triad motifs in the samples in tribes.zip.</li> <li>tribes.zip -- Output of "sample_tribes". Specific neuron samples that are then analyzed further.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Notebooks: Place into root/notebooks and unzip in place <ul> <li>notebooks.zip -- Jupyter notebooks. Run them to generate the figures in the manuscript.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Updates: v1.1.0 (2020/12/11): Added some additional control cases to the results for figure 7. These results will probably not be updated on bioRxiv, but go into the submission to a journal. v1.2.0 (2021/10/05): Updated the notebooks.zip with changes we made in response to reviewers' feedback.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Resilient rivers and connected marine systems: a review of mutual sustainability opportunities

Associated data used in the following review paper (under review) - Resilient rivers and connected marine systems: a review of mutual sustainability opportunities. Abstract: The United Nations initiated the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to produce "a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future." Established in 2015, progress of SDGs directed at the aquatic environment is slow despite an encroaching 2030 deadline. The modification of flow regimes combined with other anthropogenic pressures underpin ecological impacts across aquatic ecosystems. Current SDG 14 targets (Life Below Water) do not incorporate the interrelationships of rivers and marine systems systematically, nor do they provide recommendations on how to improve existing management and policy in a comprehensive manner. Therefore, this review aims to illustrate the linkages between rivers and marine ecosystems concerning the SDG 14 targets and to illustrate land to sea based strategies to reach sustainability goals. We provide an applied case study to show how opportunities can be explored. We review three major areas where mutual opportunities are present: 1) rivers contribute to marine and estuary ecosystem resilience (targets 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.5); (2) resilient rivers are part of the global fisheries sustainability concerns (targets  14.4, 14.6, 14.7, 14.B); and (3) enhancing marine policy and research from a river and environmental flows perspective (targets 14.A, 14.C). Associated data used in the review is described below.

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Influence of land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis)

North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis), is the most widespread subspecies of leopard and one of the rare and endangered species in China. It is currently confined to several isolated natural reserves, and little is known about its habitat network connectivity with land use changes. This study was conducted to assess the impacts of land use changes on landscape connectivity for North China leopards in the Great Taihang Region. Circuit theory-based connectivity models and least-cost path analyses were used to delineate pathways suitable for species movement, and evaluate the impacts of land use changes on landscape connectivity. The results revealed that there were 37 least-cost paths in 1990 and 38 in 2020. The area of forest land increased from 57142.74 km2 to 74836.64 km2, with the percentage increasing from 26.61% to 34.85%. In general, the increase of forest land area promoted landscape connectivity for North China leopards at broad spatial scales. The improvement of landscape connectivity was not always consistent with the land use changes, and there was a slightly decreasing trend in connectivity in some key movement barrier areas with high-intensity of human activities. Improving landscape connectivity at broad spatial scales is as important as protecting the habitats (natural reserves) where the species lives. Our study can serve as an example of exploring the relationships between land use changes and landscape connectivity for species conservation at broad spatial scales with limited movement pattern data. This information is proved to be critical for enhancing landscape connectivity for the conservation concerns of North China leopard and planning of natural reserves network.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

RD-Connect GPAP synthetic data spiked-in variant data

This data is a subset of Rare Disease Synthetic Dataset (<a href="https://ega-archive.org/datasets/EGAD00001008392">EGAD00001008392</a>) dataset. The subset only contains the chromosomal regions with the spiked-in causative variants. The associated study is the Human genomic and phenotypic synthetic data for the study of rare diseases (<a href="https://ega-archive.org/studies/EGAS00001005702">EGAS00001005702</a>) study. For more info go to <a href="https://ega-archive.org/">https://ega-archive.org/</a>. All this data was created with the support of the RD-Connect GPAP (<a href="https://platform.rd-connect.eu/">https://platform.rd-connect.eu/</a>), EC H2020 project EJP-RD (grant # 825575), EC H2020 project B1MG (grant # 951724) and Generalitat de Catalunya VEIS project (grant # 001-P-001647).

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Data for: Reciprocal cortico-amygdala connections regulate prosocial and selfish choices in mice

Decisions that favor one's own interest versus the interest of another individual depend on context and the relationships between individuals. The neurobiology underlying selfish choices or choices that benefit others is not understood. We developed a two-choice social decision-making task in which mice can decide whether or not to share a reward with their conspecifics. Preference for altruistic choices was modulated by familiarity, sex, social contact, hunger, hierarchical status, and emotional state matching. Fiber photometry recordings and chemogenetic manipulations demonstrated that BLA neurons are involved in the establishment of prosocial decisions. In particular, BLA neurons projecting to the prelimbic region (PL) of the PFC mediated the development of a preference for altruistic choices, whereas PL projections to the BLA modulated self-interest motives on decision-making. This provides a neurobiological model of altruistic and selfish choices with relevance to pathologies associated with dysfunctions in social decision-making.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

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Data for: Inferring population connectivity in Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) using landscape genetics

Assessing the environmental factors that influence the ability of a threatened species to move through the landscape can be used to identify conservation actions that connect isolated populations. However, direct observations of species' movement are often limited making the development of alternate approaches necessary. Here we use landscape genetic analyses to assess the impact of landscape features on the movement of individuals between local populations of a threatened snake, the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus). We linked connectivity data with habitat information from two landscapes of similar size: a large region of unfragmented habitat and a previously studied fragmented landscape consisting of isolated patches of habitat. We used this analysis to identify features of the landscape where modification or acquisition would enhance population connectivity in the fragmented region. We found evidence that current connectivity is impacted by both contemporary landcover features, especially roads, and inherent landscape features such as elevation. Next, we derived estimates of expected movement ability using a recently developed pedigree-based approach and Least Cost Paths through the unfragmented landscape. We then used our pedigree and resistance map to estimate resistance polygons of the potential extent for S. catenatus movement in the fragmented landscape. These polygons identify possible sites for future corridors connecting currently isolated populations in this landscape by linking the impact of future habitat modification or land acquisition to dispersal ability in this species. Overall, our study shows how modeling landscape resistance across differently fragmentated landscapes can identify habitat features that affect contemporary movement in threatened species in fragmented landscapes and how this information can be used to guide mitigation actions whose goal is to connect isolated populations.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

PAsCAL WP6 Pilot 5 Vulnerable Travellers in Connected Transport Environments Video

A summary video documenting and introducing the activities of pilot 5 of the PAsCAL real-world pilots. The part of the pilot which is documented in the video took place within the wider Madrid transport network between May and November 2021. The participants tested the Apertum mobile application (https://apertum.world/) and three groups of potential users were recruited: <ol> <li>Elderly citizens (65+ years), via the non-for-profit organisation Nadiesolo;</li> <li>Paraplegic citizens with permanent mobility constraints and in many cases reduced hand mobility, via the medical centre FLM (Fundación Lesionado Medular);</li> <li>Citizens who were confronted with temporary mobility constraints (e.g., carrying heavy luggage, baby strollers, using crutches or wheelchairs to simulate temporary injuries).</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

PAsCAL WP6 Pilot 5 Experience of Vulnerable Travellers in Connected Transport Environments

These three datasets were collected within the context of the PAsCAL research project between May and November 2021. Each survey included a different user group and all activities were conducted in different places: <ol> <li>Apertum Testing: 165 individual testers used the Apertum (https://apertum.world/) mobile application for step-free public transport information. These participants consisted of elderly persons (65+ years old), paraplegic users and persons with temporary mobility constraints (like injuries or persons who use baby strollers or heavy luggage). The testing took place in 3 different locations and followed 3 different scenarios to ensure that the routing or departure point of the user does not influence their acceptance of the CAV solution;</li> <li>UI-UX Testing: The same application was tested by 20 additional persons (half of them digital natives and half of them digital nomads) in Madrid, Spain. For the UI-UX testing, a few standard tasks were defined and the participants were able to familiarise themselves with the application for 30 minutes before the testing started. The WAMMI methodology was applied, consisting of a survey that is to the point.</li> <li>Focus Discussion Groups: The FDGs took place across 4 cities in Italy (Rome, Bologna, Milan and Naples) and included a diverse range of 51 blind and partially sighted persons. The participants attended a short briefing about autonomous and connected mobility and shared their experiences, opinions and attitudes freely before completing a survey to report on their freedom of travel, their needs and attitudes towards CAVs.</li> </ol> In order to analyse the answers given to the questions, it is recommended to consult also the "PAsCAL WP6 Pilots Surveys" dataset, which contains all questions and possible answers.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

PAsCAL WP6 Pilot 4 Shared Connected Transport Video

A summary video documenting and introducing the activities of pilot 4 of the PAsCAL real-world pilots.  The "Shared Connected Transport" pilot explores the role of CAVs within commercial shared mobility businesses in close cooperation with the luxembourgish car-sharing operator Moovee and the transport operator Sales-Lentz to explore the viability and profitability of the integration of CAVs into their offering. In particular, this pilot seeks to explore the possibility of a wide market uptake of automated vehicles within existing fleets in urban environments.

A Novel Curated Scholarly Graph Connecting Textual and Data Publications

This dataset contains an open and curated scholarly graph we built as a training and test set for data discovery, data connection, author disambiguation, and link prediction tasks. This graph represents the European Marine Science community included in the OpenAIRE Graph. The nodes of the graph we release represent publications, datasets, software, and authors respectively; edges interconnecting research products always have the publication as source, and the dataset/software as target. In addition, edges are labeled with semantics that outline whether the publication is referencing, citing, documenting, or supplementing the related outcome. To curate and enrich nodes metadata and edges semantics, we relied on the information extracted from the PDF of the publications and the datasets/software webpages respectively. We curated the authors so to remove duplicated nodes representing the same person.  The resource we release counts 4,047 publications, 5,488 datasets, 22 software, 21,561 authors, and 9,692 edges connect publications to datasets/software. This graph is in the curated_MES folder. We provide this resource as: <ol> <li>a property graph: we provide the dump that can be imported in neo4j</li> <li>5 jsonl files containing publications, datasets, software, authors, and relationships respectively. Each line of a jsonl file contains a JSON object representing a node and contains the metadata of that node (or a relationship).</li> </ol> We provide two additional scholarly graphs: <ul> <li>The curated MES graph with the removed edges. During the curation we removed some edges since they were labeled with an inconsistent or imprecise semantics. This graph includes the same nodes and edges as the previous one, and, in addition, it contains the edges removed during the curation pipeline; these edges are marked as Removed. This graph is in the curated_MES_with_removed_semantics folder.  </li> <li>The original MES community of OpenAIRE. It represents the MES community extracted from the OpenAIRE Research Graph. This graph has not been curated, and the metadata and semantics are those of the OpenAIRE Research Graph. This graph is in the original_MES_community folder.</li> </ul>

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d).

Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g).

Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h).

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of elongated anther showing the broad connective and very narrow pollen sacs; b) Lateral view of elongated anther showing the broad dorsal and ventral surfaces of the connectives and very narrow pollen sacs; c) Apex of elongated anther showing dorsal and ventral surfaces and very narrow pollen sacs; d) Lateral view of narrow pollen sac showing in situ pollen; e) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); f) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); g) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows); h) Detail of pollen grain showing the aperture extending over the ends of the grain (asterisks); i) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 49-S171527 (a–i). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d), 6 Μm (e, f, h), 3 Μm (g), 1.5 Μm (i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of "Stamen with zona-aperturate pollen"; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Dorsal view of elongated anther showing the broad connective and very narrow pollen sacs; b) Lateral view of elongated anther showing the broad dorsal and ventral surfaces of the connectives and very narrow pollen sacs; c) Apex of elongated anther showing dorsal and ventral surfaces and very narrow pollen sacs; d) Lateral view of narrow pollen sac showing in situ pollen; e) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); f) Detail of pollen grain showing the solid band of exine above the aperture (asterisk); g) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows); h) Detail of pollen grain showing the aperture extending over the ends of the grain (asterisks); i) Detail of tectum showing heterobrochate reticulum with lumina of two different sizes supported by long columellae (arrows). Specimen, Catefica 49-S171527 (a–i). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d), 6 Μm (e, f, h), 3 Μm (g), 1.5 Μm (i).