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306 results for “Early Cambrian”
Data from: Gut evolution in early Cambrian trilobites and the origin of predation on infaunal macroinvertebrates: evidence from muscle scars in Mesolenellus.
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Data from: Ecology and phylogenetic affinity of the early Cambrian tubular microfossil Megathrix longus
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Data from: Go large or go conical: allometric trajectory of an early Cambrian acrotretide brachiopod
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Data from: An early Cambrian chelicerate from the Emu Bay Shale, South Australia
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Data from: Early postembryonic to mature ontogeny of the oryctocephalid trilobite Duodingia duodingensis from the lower Cambrian (Series 2) of southern China
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Fossil evidence unveils an early Cambrian origin for Bryozoa
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Cambrian comb jellies from Utah illuminate the early evolution of nervous and sensory systems in ctenophores - Phylogenetic dataset
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Data from: Absolute axial growth and trunk segmentation in the early Cambrian trilobite Oryctocarella duyunensis
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Development of the early Cambrian oryctocephalid trilobite Oryctocarella duyunensis from western Hunan, China
<p>Abundant articulated specimens of the oryctocarine trilobite <i>Oryctocarella duyunensis</i> from the lower Cambrian (Stage 4, Series<b> </b>2) Balang Formation at the Bulin section in western Hunan Province, South China, permit the description of all meraspid degrees. The maximum number of thoracic segments observed in this collection is 11. Meraspid growth was accompanied by progressive and gradual change in overall form, and this animal showed an homonomously segmented trunk with variation in the number of pygidial segments during ontogeny. Such variation permits a variety of plausible explanations, but a model of successive instars defined by the number of thoracic segments and in suborder by the number of pygidial segments is highly unlikely to explain the growth pattern because it would result in the loss of trunk segments between some instars. Degree-based ontogenetic staging is also compatible with the variation observed.</p>
Data from: Early Cambrian (stage 4) brachiopods from the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of South China
<p>Diverse and abundant fossil taxa have been described in the lower Cambrian Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of Hubei province, South China, but the diversity of the co-occurring brachiopod fauna and their taxonomy is still far from clear. Here we describe the brachiopod fauna recovered from the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of South China, including representatives of the subphylum Linguliformea: linguloids(<i>Lingulellotreta ergalievi</i>, <i>Eoobolus</i> <i>malongensis</i> and Neobolidae gen. indet. sp. indet.), and an acrotretoid (<i>Linnarssonia sapushanensis</i>); and representatives from the subphylum Rhynchonelliformea: the calcareous-shelled Kutorginates (<i>Kutorgina</i> <i>sinensis</i>, <i>Kutorgina </i>sp., <i>Nisusia</i> <i>liantuoensis</i>). This brachiopod assemblage and the first occurrence of <i>Linnarssonia sapushanensis</i> shell beds permits correlation of the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of Hubei province with the Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation in the Wuding area of eastern Yunnan. This correlation is further strengthened by the first appearance datum (FAD) of the rhynchonelliform brachiopod <i>Nisusia</i> in the upper silty mudstone of both the Shipai and Wulongqing formations. The new well-preserved material, derived from siliciclastic rocks, also gives critical new insights into the fine shell structure of <i>L. sapushanensis</i>. Microstructural studies on micromorphic acrotretoids (like <i>Linnarssonia</i>) have previously been restricted to fossils acid etched from limestones. This is the first study to carry out detailed comparative ultrastructural studies on acrotretoid shells preserved in siliciclastic rocks. This work reveals a hollow tube and solid column microstructure in the acrotretoid shells from the Shipai Formation, which are likely to be equivalent of traditional column and central canal observed in shells dissolved from limestones.</p>
Data from: The anatomy, taphonomy, taxonomy and systematic affinity of Markuelia: Early Cambrian to Early Ordovician scalidophorans
Markuelia is a vermiform, annulated introvertan animal known as embryonic fossils from the Lower Cambrian to Lower Ordovician. Analysis of an expanded and revised dataset for Introverta shows that the precise position of Markuelia within this clade is dependent on the taxa included. As a result, Markuelia is assigned to the scalidophoran total group to reflect uncertainty as to whether it is a stem-scalidophoran or a stem-priapulid. The taxonomy of the genus is revised to provide an improved taxonomic framework for material assigned to Markuelia. Five species are recognized: M. secunda Val'kov, M. hunanensis Dong and Donoghue, M. lauriei Haug et al., M. spinulifera sp. nov. and M. waloszeki sp. nov. Finally, the preservation of Markuelia is evaluated in the light of both the taphonomy of the fossil embryos themselves and the experimental taphonomy of the priapulid Priapulus caudatus, which has been proposed as both a close relative and an anatomical analogue of Markuelia.
Data and code for a high-resolution summary of Cambrian to Early Triassic marine invertebrate biodiversity
<p>Data compilation and standardization were conducted through the Geobiodiversity Database from 2013 to 2017. The raw dataset contained 266,110 local Cambrian to Triassic records of 45,318 taxonomic units from 3,766 published stratigraphic sections. These were collected from all major Chinese tectonic plates. The authors spent three years verifying the taxonomic assignments into a consistent paleontological taxonomic classification system. Identifications to genus or higher taxonomic ranks were omitted. All non-marine fossil groups (e.g., plants, vertebrates, pollen, spores) were also removed. Species recovered from only a single locality were removed after a few test calculations in order to partially standardize the sampling and research efforts and avoid the "monograph effect". The final dataset retained after all standardization procedures included 116,060 local records of the stratigraphic ranges of 11,268 species in 3,112 published stratigraphic sections. </p> <p>The CONOP.SAGA program was designed for high-performance computing of geological time scale and biodiversity analysis in 2017. We designed a special hybrid algorithm that combined simulated annealing and a genetic algorithm to overcome the limitations of classic CONOP program designed by Pete Sadler.</p>
Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal Cambrian
<p>Although fossil evidence suggests that various animal groups were able to move actively through their environment in the early stages of their evolution, virtually no direct information is available on the nature of their muscle systems. The origin of jellyfish swimming, for example, is of great interest to biologists. Exceptionally preserved muscles are described here in benthic peridermal olivooid medusozoans from the basal Cambrian of China (Kuanchuanpu Formation, ca. 535 Ma) that have direct equivalent in modern medusozoans. They consist of circular fibers distributed over the bell surface (subumbrella) and most probably have a myoepithelial origin. This is the oldest record of a muscle system in cnidarians and more generally in animals. This basic system was probably co-opted by early Cambrian jellyfish to develop capacities for jet-propelled swimming within the water column. Additional lines of fossil evidence obtained from ecdysozoans (worms and panarthropods) show that the muscle systems of early animals underwent a rapid diversification through the early Cambrian and increased their capacity to colonize a wide range of habitats both within the water column and sediment at a critical time of their evolutionary radiation.</p>
Fig. 79 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia
Fig. 79. Archaeocyatha, phosphatized fragments from the lower Cambrian Erkeket (A, D, H, I) and Chuskuna (E) formations, Khorbusuonka River and Tyuser Formation, lower reaches of the Lena River (B, C, F, G), Siberia, Russia; samples 15/23 (E), 20/1B (A, D, H, I), and 21/21 (B, C, F, G). A, H, I. Ajacicyathina family, gen. and sp. indet., fragments of cups with simple rounded pores, SMNH Sp11535–11537, respectively. A1, H1, lateral view; A2, basal view; H2, oblique lateral view showing inner part of the cup. B, E. Cryptoporocyathus junicanensis Zhuravleva, 1960. B. Wall fragments, SMNH Sp11538–11539, respectively. B1, inner surface of the wall. B2, outer surface of the wall. E. Wall fragment, SMNH Sp11540. C. Dictyocyathus sp., fragment of an intervallar dictyonal network, SMNH Sp11541. D. Carinacyathus sp., fragment of a cup wall with geniculate tubular canals, SMNH Sp11542. F. Cambrocyathellus sp., fragment of a cup, SMNH Sp11543. G. Possible archaeocyath pelta (upper covering structure of the cup), SMNH Sp11544. Scale bar: 1.25 mm (C), 500 µm (B, F–I), and 250 µm (A, D, E).
Fig. 37 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia
Fig. 37. Sclerites of chancelloriid Archaeopetasus pachybasalis Kouchinsky sp. nov., from the lower Cambrian Tyuser Formation, lower reaches of the Lena River, Siberia, Russia; sample 21/21. Holotype specimen, SMNH X11113. A1, upper view; A2, A3, lateral view; A4, lower surfaces of sclerite. Scale bar 500 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Chuandianella ovata: An early Cambrian stem euarthropod with feather-like appendages
FIGURE 3. Photographs of Chuandianella ovata, showing overall morphology and segmentation of the body. (A) RCCBYU 10272, right lateral view. Scale bar equals 3.4 mm. (B) YKLP 13967a, left lateral view. Scale bar equals 5.0 mm. Abbreviations additional to Figures 1, 2: s1-s12, head and thoracic segments. s1 is the eye-bearing segment/ anterior sclerite; the position of segments s1 and s2 is difficult to infer. Italics indicate a right-side appendage. Scale bar in (B) applies to both panels.
Data and code for a high-resolution summary of Cambrian to Early Triassic marine invertebrate biodiversity
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Data from: Early Cambrian (stage 4) brachiopods from the Shipai Formation in the Three Gorges area of South China
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Data from: The anatomy, taphonomy, taxonomy and systematic affinity of Markuelia: Early Cambrian to Early Ordovician scalidophorans
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Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal Cambrian
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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