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Fig. 4 in The European Early Cretaceous cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii and the diversity of a poorly known lineage of turtles

Fig. 4. Holotype of cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii Dollo, 1885 from the Barremian–Aptian of Bernissart (Hainaut, Belgium). A, B. IRSNB R11. Plastron and appendicular skeleton in ventral view (A), detail of the left hindlimb (B). C–E. IRSNB R12. Second to fifth cervical vertebrae, in dorsal (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Photographs (A1, B1, C1, D1, E1) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, D2, E2).

Fig. 3 in The European Early Cretaceous cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii and the diversity of a poorly known lineage of turtles

Fig. 3. Holotype of cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii Dollo, 1885, from the Barremian–Aptian of Bernissart (Hainaut, Belgium). A, B. IRSNB R11. Carapace and appendicular skeleton in dorsal view (A), detail of the left forelimb (B). C, D. IRSNB R12. Skull in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Photographs (A1, B1, C1, D1) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, D2).

Fig. 5 in The European Early Cretaceous cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii and the diversity of a poorly known lineage of turtles

Fig. 5. Specimen of cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii Dollo, 1885, MDS−JTS.V.1–40, from the Hauterivian–Barremian of Tenadas del Jabalí (Burgos, Spain). A, B. MDS−JTS.V.1. Carapace in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, E. MDS−JTS.V.34. Skull in dorsal (C), ventral (D), and rigth lateral (E) views. Photographs (A1, B1, C1, D, E) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2).

Fig. 2. Majority rule tree from the 73 in The European Early Cretaceous cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii and the diversity of a poorly known lineage of turtles

Fig. 2. Majority rule tree from the 73 most parsimonious trees produced by the cladistic analysis of Chitracephalus dumonii using the modified data set of Joyce (2007) proposed in Pérez−García et al. (2012). Retention index (RI) = 0.872 and consistency index (CI) = 0.567. Values refer to percentages under 100% obtained in the majority rule analysis; those with values below 50% are collapsed. Letters refer to the nodes mentioned in the text.

Fig. 1 in The European Early Cretaceous cryptodiran turtle Chitracephalus dumonii and the diversity of a poorly known lineage of turtles

Fig. 1. Geographical location of the areas where Chitracephalus dumonii has been identified: The type locality, Bernissart (Hainaut, Belgium), and the Spanish localities of Tenadas del Jabalí (Burgos) and Torremuña (La Rioja).

Fig. 15 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 15. Simplified versions of strict consensus and topological variants seen in the 24 shortest trees generated in our second analysis, showing alternative hypotheses of relationships among Albanerpeton, Wesserpeton, and the Uña albanerpetontid. A. Strict consensus: unresolved trichotomy among Albanerpeton, Wesserpeton, and Uña albanerpetontid. B. Topological variant 1: Uña albanerpetontid is sister of Wesserpeton + Albanerpeton. C. Topological variant 2: Wesserpeton is sister of Uña albanerpetontid + Albanerpeton. D. Topological variant 3: Albanerpeton is sister of Wesserpeton + Uña albanerpetontid. Each topological variant was found in one−third of the shortest trees. Tree statistics (uninformative characters excluded) are as follows: tree length = 50 steps; CI = 0.683, HI = 0.317, and RI = 0.806.

Fig. 14 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 14. Simplified, strict consensus tree showing hypothesized relationships among the four albanerpetontid genera, constrained against the geological time scale (absolute ages based on Gradstein et al. 2004: fig. 23.1) and reporting apomorphies (see list of characters in the Appendix 1) for each genus and more inclusive clades. Only unequivocal apomorphies (i.e., ones recovered in all eight of the shortest trees, under both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN optimizations) are mapped onto the tree. Autapomorphies are designated by a thick bar and convergences are designated by a thin bar.

Fig. 13 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 13. Strict consensus of eight shortest trees generated in our first analysis, showing hypothesized relationships within Albanerpetontidae, with Wesserpeton placed as the sister of Albanerpeton. Indices of support for clades (see also Table 3) are to the left of each node; upper value is the bootstrap value (%) for 2000 replicates and lower value is the decay index (steps). Tree statistics (uninformative characters excluded) are as follows: tree length = 50 steps; CI = 0.683, HI = 0.317, and RI = 0.797.

Fig. 11 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 11. Scanning electron micrographs of a fused articular + angular and of postcranial bones of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov., all from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland. A. NHMUK PV R36607, trunk vertebra lacking the neural arch in dorsal (A1) and oblique posterodorsal (A2) views. B. NHMUK PV R36608, trunk vertebra preserving part of the neural arch, in posterior view. C. NHMUK PV R36534, "axis" (i.e., first post atlantal vertebra) in anterior (C1) and oblique right anterolateral (C2) views. D. NHMUK PV R36609, "axis" in anterior (D1) and oblique right anterolateral (D2) views. E. NHMUK PV R36535, atlas lacking the neural arch and ventrolateral portion of left anterior cotyle in anterior (E1) and dorsal (E2) views. F. NHMUK PV R36610, left humerus in medial view. G. NHMUK PV R36533, left humerus in ventral view. H. NHMUK PV R36611, acetabular part of a right ilium in lateral view. I. NHMUK PV R36531, fused right articular + angular in lateral (I1) and medial ((I2) views. J. NHMUK PV R36532, left ilium lacking dorsal end of the iliac shaft in lateral (J1), medial (J2), posterior (J3), anterior (J4), and ventral (J5) views.

Fig. 8 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs of substantially complete and fragmentary maxillae of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2). A. NHMUK PV R36528, right maxilla in lingual (A1), labial (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views. B. NHMUK PV R36527, right maxilla in lingual view (B1); enlargement in lingual view (B2), to show a replacement tooth at an advanced stage of development, flanked to the left (anteriorly) by a tooth with large resorption pit and to the right (posteriorly) by a vacant tooth slot; labial view (B3). C. NHMUK PV R36559, left maxilla in lingual (C1) and labial (C2) views. D–H. Fragmentary anterior ends to show differences in morphology and location of the nasal process and other morphological differences discussed in the text. D. NHMUK PV R36560, left maxilla in lingual (D1) and labial (D2) views. E. NHMUK PV R36561, right maxilla in lingual view. F. NHMUK PV R36562, right maxilla in lingual view. G. NHMUK PV R36563, right maxilla in lingual view. H. NHMUK PV R36564, left maxilla in lingual view.

Fig. 7 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of additional premaxillae of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2), to further illustrate intraspecific variations in morphology and size. A. NHMUK PV R36597, left premaxilla in lingual (A1) and labial (A2) views; enlargement of the dorsolingual part of the pars dorsalis in lingual view (A3), to show the V−shaped facet present in this specimen. B. NHMUK PV R36598, left premaxilla in lingual (B1) and labial (B2) views. C. NHMUK PV R36599, large, robust, right premaxilla with mediolaterally wide teeth, lingual view. D. NHMUK PV R36600, left premaxilla in lingual view (D1); oblique dorsolingual view (D2), to show the palatal foramen, other openings on the pars dorsalis and the articular facet on the dorsal surface of the maxillary process for contact with the maxilla; oblique ventrolingual view (D3), to show openings in the pars palatinum and pars dentalis. E. NHMUK PV R36601, right premaxilla in lingual view (E1); enlargement to show the broken pars palatinum in lingual view (E2), revealing the inclined path (indicated by double−headed arrow) of the canal between the dorsal and ventral openings of the palatal foramen in this specimen. F. NHMUK PV R36602, right premaxilla in lingual view to show loci for 10 teeth (7th locus is empty, 9th locus is occupied by a broken tooth base and remaining loci have intact teeth). G. NHMUK PV R36603, left premaxilla in lingual view to show the dorsally expanded lingual rim of the maxillary process in this specimen. H. NHMUK PV R36604, left premaxilla in lingual view (H1), to show foramina in junction of the pars palatinum with the pars dentalis; and labial view (H2), to show deep labial foramina in this specimen. I. NHMUK PV R36605, right premaxilla in lingual (I1) and labial (I2) views. J. NHMUK PV R36606, right premaxilla in lingual (J1) and labial (J2) views.

Fig. 6 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of additional premaxillae of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2), to further illustrate intraspecific variations in morphology and size. A. NHMUK PV R36565, right premaxilla, broken transversely through the pars dorsalis and one of the largest recovered; entire specimen in lingual view (A1); enlargement in lingual view of teeth at positions 4–8 (A), to show deformed teeth at 4th and 5th loci. B. NHMUK PV R36566, right premaxilla in lingual (B) and labial (B) views; en2 1 2 largement (B3) to show the broken pars palatinum in lingual view, revealing the vertical path (indicated by double−headed arrow) of the canal between the dorsal and ventral openings of the palatal foramen in this specimen. C. NHMUK PV R36567, left premaxilla in lingual (C1) and labial (C2) views; oblique ventrolingual view (C3), to show the large ventral opening of the palatal foramen in this specimen. D. NHMUK PV R36568, left premaxilla in lingual (D1) and labial (D2) views. E. NHMUK PV R36569, right premaxilla in lingual (E1) and labial (E2) views. F. NHMUK PV R36595, right premaxilla in lingual view (F1); enlargement in oblique mediodorsal and lingual view (F2), to show subdivision of the suprapalatal pit and the dorsal opening of the palatal foramen. G. NHMUK PV R36596, right premaxilla in lingual (G1) and labial (G2) views, the latter showing the medially expanded flange in this specimen; oblique mediolabial view (G3), to show the deep labial slot in the medial margin of the bone.

Fig. 9 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs of two nearly complete dentaries of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2). A. NHMUK PV R36541, substantially complete left dentary missing most of area for attachment of post−dentary bones in lingual (A1), labial (A2), and dorsal (A3) views. B. NHMUK PV R36542, right dentary preserving similar amount of bone, but with pathological anterior portion in lingual (B1) and dorsal (B2) views; enlargement of the anterior end in ventral view (B3), showing bony callous and distortion in region of possible healed fracture and re−modelled symphyseal surface.

Fig. 3 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 3. Outline drawings in ventral view to illustrate generic differences in morphology of azygous frontals of albanerpetontid amphibians. A. Anoualerpeton, based on type species Anoualerpeton unicus Gardner, Evans, and Sigogneau−Russell, 2003, Berriasian of Anoual, Morocco (from Gardner et al. 2003: 307, fig. 2J). B. Celtedens, based on Celtedens cf. megacephalus (Costa, 1864) from the Beriasian of the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, UK (from McGowan 1998a: 186, fig. 1F). C. Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from the Baremian Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, UK, based on holotype, NHMUK PV R36521 (see Fig. 4A) and showing (dashed lines) reconstructed anterolateral processes. D. Albanerpeton, based on type species Albanerpeton inexpectatum Estes and Hoffstetter, 1976, Miocene of Western Europe (from Gardner 1999a: 60, fig. 1L). Images not to scale.

Fig. 5 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of two premaxillae of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. illustrating intraspecific variations in morphology discussed in the text. Both specimens from bed 38 of the Barremian Wessex Formation at Yaverland (Figs. 1, 2). A. NHMUK PV R36524, right premaxilla in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views; enlargement in lingual view (A3) to show replacement tooth crown at the base of the 2nd tooth locus; enlargement in lingual view (A) to show 4 the first three teeth, resorption pit at the base of the tooth shaft at the 2nd locus and location of the replacement tooth crown. B. NHMUK PV R36526, left premaxilla in labial (B1), lingual (B2) views; oblique dorsolingual (B3) and oblique laterolingual (B4) views, both to show openings and struts on the pars dorsalis; oblique ventrolingual view (B5), to show the ventral opening of the palatal foramen in the pars palatinum and the location of an unnamed foramen in the pars dorsalis.

Fig. 1. A in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 1. A. Outline map of southern Britain showing the location of the Isle of Wight. B. Outline geological map of the Isle of Wight showing localities mentioned in the text.

Fig. 12 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 12. Outline drawings in ventral view to show similarities and differences in azygous frontals of Albanerpeton and three Barremian albanerpetontids. A. Albanerpeton, based on type species Albanerpeton inexpectatum Estes and Hoffstetter, 1976, Miocene of Western Europe (from Gardner 1999a: 60, fig. 1L). B. Cf. Wesserpeton (= Albanerpeton sp. nov. sensu Wiechmann [2003: tafel III, fig. 1]), Barremian of Uña, Spain. C. Cf. Wesserpeton (referred to cf. Albanerpeton sp. by Buscalioni et al. [2008: 698, fig. 8.1]), Barremian of Buenache de la Sierra, Spain. D. Wesserpeton, based on holotype NHMUK PV R36521 (see Fig. 4A), Barremian of the Isle of Wight, England (this paper). Images at same magnification.

Fig. 4 in A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of azygous frontals and fragments thereof of the albanerpetontid amphibian Wesserpeton evansae gen. et sp. nov. from the Barremian Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, UK. All specimens from bed 38, Yaverland, except F, H, which are from bed L2 exposed near Sudmoor Point (Figs. 1, 2). A. Holotype specimen, NHMUK PV R36521, in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. NHMUK PV R36536, in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. C. NHMUK PV R36537, in dorsal (C1) and ventral (C2) views. D. NHMUK PV R36523, in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views. Arrow marks the sub−ventrolateral crest canal on the right side of the bone. E. NHMUK PV R36538, in ventral view. F. NHMUK PV R36539, in ventral view. G. NHMUK PV R36540, in dorsal view. H. NHMUK PV R36522, in dorsal view, enlarged to show morphology of the internasal process.

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Fig. 4 in Unusual theropod eggshells from the Early Cretaceous Blesa Formation of the Iberian Range, Spain

Fig. 4. Variations in outer surface ornamentation of prismatoolithid therapod eggshell Trigonoolithus amoae oogen. et oosp. nov. from La Cantalera 1 site, Early Barremian. Eggshells showing triangular (A–C) and rounded ornamentation (D–F). Pristine eggshells showing well-preserved ornamentation (A, D). Lightly eroded eggshells showing degradation (B, E). Eroded eggshells showing coalescence of triangles (C, F). A. MPZ 2012/740. B. MPZ 2012/742. C. MPZ 2012/743. D. MPZ 2012/731. E. MPZ 2012/729. F. MPZ 2012/728. Scale bar 1000 μm.