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601 results for “Global changes”
Local anthropogenic stress does not exacerbate coral bleaching under global climate change
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Data from: Fire history and plant community composition outweigh decadal multi‐factor global change as drivers of microbial composition in an annual grassland
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Data from: Interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on soil and ecosystem respiration in grassland ecosystems: a global synthesis
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Historical and projected impact of global climate change on the extrinsic incubation of <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em>
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Data from: Are species’ responses to global change predicted by past niche evolution?
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Data associated with "Floral pigmentation has responded rapidly to global change in ozone and temperature"
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Data from: Plant community dynamics and carbon sequestration in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in the era of global change
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Can microbial functional traits predict the response and resilience of decomposition to global change?
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Australian warming: observed change and global temperature targets
<p>Data supporting paper submitted to Geophysical Research Letters</p>
The promise and the perils of resurveying to understand global change impacts
<p>Historical datasets can be useful tools to aid in understanding the impacts of global change on natural ecosystems. Resampling of historically sampled sites ("snapshot resampling") has often been used to detect long-term shifts in ecological populations and communities, because it allows researchers to avoid long-term monitoring costs and investigate a large number of potential trends. But recent simulation-based research has called the reliability of resampling into question, and its utility has not been comprehensively evaluated. Here we combine long-term empirical datasets with novel community-level simulations to explore the accuracy of snapshot resampling of both population- and community-level metrics under a variety of conditions.</p> <p>We show that snapshot resampling often yields spurious conclusions, but the accuracy of results increases when inter-annual variability in the response variable is low or the magnitude of change through time is high. Snapshot resampling also generally performs better for community-level metrics (e.g. species richness) as opposed to population-level metrics pertaining to a single species (e.g. abundance). Finally, we evaluated strategies to improve the accuracy of snapshot resampling, including sampling multiple years at the end of the study, but these produced mixed results. Ultimately, we found that snapshot resampling should be used with caution, but under certain circumstances, can be a useful for understanding long-term global change impacts.</p>
Combined effects of global climate change and nutrient enrichment on the physiology of three temperate maerl species
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Made up of calcareous coralline algae, maerl beds play a major role as ecosystem engineers in coastal areas throughout the world. They undergo strong anthropogenic pressures, which may threaten their survival. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the future of maerl beds in the context of global and local changes. We examined the effects of rising temperatures (+3ºC) and ocean acidification (-0.3 pH units) according to temperature and pH projections (i.e. the RCP8.5 scenario), and nutrient (N and P) availability on three temperate maerl species (<i>Lithothamnion corallioides</i>, <i>Phymatolithon calcareum</i>, <i>Lithophyllum incrustans</i>) in the laboratory in winter and summer conditions. Physiological rates of primary production, respiration and calcification were measured on all three species in each treatment and season. The physiological response of maerl to global climate change was species-specific and influenced by seawater nutrient concentrations. Future temperature-pH scenario enhanced maximal gross primary production rates in <i>P. calcareum </i>in winter and in <i>L. corallioides </i>in both seasons. Nevertheless, both species suffered an impairment of light harvesting and photo-protective mechanisms in winter. Calcification rates at ambient light intensity were negatively affected by the future temperature-pH scenario in winter, with net dissolution observed in the dark in <i>L. corallioides</i>and <i>P. calcareum</i>under low nutrient concentrations. Nutrient enrichment avoided dissolution under future scenarios in winter and had a positive effect on <i>L. incrustans</i>calcification rate in the dark in summer. In winter conditions maximal calcification rates were enhanced by the future temperature-pH scenario on the three species, but <i>P. calcareum </i>suffered inhibition at high irradiances. In summer conditions, the maximal calcification rate dropped in <i>L. corallioides </i>under the future global climate change scenario<i>, </i>with a potential negative impact on CaCO<sub>3</sub>budget for maerl beds in the Bay of Brest where this species is dominant. Our results highlight how local changes in nutrient availability or irradiance levels impact the response of maerl species to global climate change and thus point out how it is important to consider other abiotic parameters in order to develop management policies capable to increase the resilience of maerl beds under the future global climate change scenario.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Appendix 2
Supplementary material 4 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Appendix 3
Supplementary material 1 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Appendix 1
Supplementary material 2 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Table S1
Data from: The changing uses of herbarium data in an era of global change: an overview using automated content analysis
Widespread specimen digitization has greatly enhanced the use of herbarium data in scientific research. Publications using herbarium data have increased exponentially over the last century. Here, we review changing uses of herbaria through time with a computational text analysis of 13,702 articles from 1923 to 2017 that quantitatively complements traditional review approaches. Although maintaining its core contribution to taxonomic knowledge, herbarium use has diversified from a few dominant research topics a century ago (e.g., taxonomic notes, botanical history, local observations), with many topics only recently emerging (e.g., biodiversity informatics, global change biology, DNA analyses). Specimens are now appreciated as temporally and spatially extensive sources of genotypic, phenotypic, and biogeographic data. Specimens are increasingly used in ways that influence our ability to steward future biodiversity. As we enter the Anthropocene, herbaria have likewise entered a new era with enhanced scientific, educational, and societal relevance.
Data from: The 'golden kelp' Laminaria ochroleuca under global change: integrating multiple eco-physiological responses with species distribution models
1. The loss of marine foundation species, in particular kelps at temperate latitudes, has been linked to climatic drivers and co-occurring human perturbations. Ocean temperature and nutrients typically co-vary over local and regional scales and play a crucial role on kelp dynamics. Examining their independent and interactive effects on kelp physiological performance is essential to understand and predict patterns of kelp distribution, particularly under scenarios of global change. 2. Crossed combinations of ocean temperatures and availability of nutrients were experimentally tested on juveniles of the 'golden kelp', Laminaria ochroleuca, from the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. Eco-physiological responses included: survival, growth and total N content. Results were embedded into a Species Distribution Model (SDM), which relates presence records and climatic and non-climatic data to forecast distribution patterns of L. ochroleuca under different climate change scenarios. 3. Temperatures above 24.6 ºC were lethal irrespective of nutrients. Optimal growth of juvenile sporophytes occurred between 12 °C and 18 ºC and no nutrient limitation. The SDM, where ocean temperature was the main predictor of kelp distribution in line with temperature thresholds given by eco-physiological responses, suggests a future expansion towards northern latitudes and a retreat from the southern limit/boundary of the current distribution. 4. Synthesis. Range-shifting of the golden kelp can have severe ecological impacts at regional and local scales. The expansion or retraction of the species along the European coast seems to be modulated mainly by temperature, but nutrient availability would be key to maintain optimal physiological performance. Our work highlights that the combination of empirical and modelling approaches is accessible to researchers and crucial to build more robust predictions of ecological and biogeographic responses of habitat-forming species to forecasted environmental change.
Data from: Coupling of palaeontological and neontological reef coral data improves forecasts of biodiversity responses under global climatic change
Reef corals are currently undergoing climatically-driven poleward range expansions, with some evidence for equatorial range retractions. Predicting their response to future climate scenarios is critical to their conservation, but ecological models are based only on short-term observations. The fossil record provides the only empirical evidence for the long-term response of organisms under perturbed climate states. The palaeontological record from the Last Interglacial (LIG; 125,000 years ago), a time of global warming, suggests that reef corals experienced poleward range shifts and an equatorial decline relative to their modern distribution. However, this record is spatiotemporally biased, and existing methods cannot account for data absence. Here, we use ecological niche modelling to estimate reef corals' realised niche and LIG distribution, based on modern and fossil occurrences. We then make inferences about modelled habitability under two future climate change scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5). Reef coral ranges during the LIG were comparable to the present, with no prominent equatorial decrease in habitability. Reef corals are likely to experience poleward range expansion and large equatorial declines under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. However, this range expansion is likely optimistic in the face of anthropogenic climate change. Incorporation of fossil data in niche models improves forecasts of biodiversity responses under global climatic change.
Data from: A global change in RNA polymerase II pausing during the Drosophila midblastula transition
Massive zygotic transcription begins in many organisms during the midblastula transition when the cell cycle of the dividing egg slows down. A few genes are transcribed before this stage but how this differential activation is accomplished is still an open question. We have performed ChIP-seq experiments on tightly staged Drosophila embryos and show that massive recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with widespread pausing occurs de novo during the midblastula transition. However, ∼100 genes are strongly occupied by Pol II before this timepoint and most of them do not show Pol II pausing, consistent with a requirement for rapid transcription during the fast nuclear cycles. This global change in Pol II pausing correlates with distinct core promoter elements and associates a TATA-enriched promoter with the rapid early transcription. This suggests that promoters are differentially used during the zygotic genome activation, presumably because they have distinct dynamic properties.
Data from: How does parental environment influence the potential for adaptation to global change?
Parental environments are regularly shown to alter the mean fitness of offspring, but their impacts on the genetic variation for fitness, which predicts adaptive capacity and is also measured on offspring, are unclear. Consequently, how parental environments mediate adaptation to environmental stressors, like those accompanying global change, is largely unknown. Here, using an ecologically-important marine tubeworm in a quantitative-genetic breeding design, we tested how parental exposure to projected ocean warming alters the mean survival, and genetic variation for survival, of offspring during their most vulnerable life stage under current and projected temperatures. Offspring survival was higher when parent and offspring temperatures matched. Across offspring temperatures, parental exposure to warming altered the distribution of additive genetic variance for survival, making it covary across current and projected temperatures in a way that may aid adaptation to future warming. Parental exposure to warming also amplified nonadditive genetic variance for survival, suggesting that compatibilities between parental genomes may grow increasingly important under future warming. Our study shows that parental environments potentially have broader-ranging effects on adaptive capacity than currently appreciated, not only mitigating the negative impacts of global change, but also reshaping the raw fuel for evolutionary responses to it.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.