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4,479 results for “Hybrid”
Dataset: Hybrid Polarizing Solids with Extended Pore Diameters for Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
<p>This dataset contains raw NMR, EPR, and relaxometry data, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for best HYPSOs, and all of the codes, used for data processing and figures in the article.</p>
Spectral evolution of hot hybrid white dwarfs I. Spectral analysis
<p>Hydrogen-rich white dwarfs (WDs) comprise the majority of the WD population, but are only rarely found at the very hot end of the WD cooling sequence. A small subgroup that exhibits both hydrogen and helium lines in their spectra, the so-called hybrid (or DAO) WDs, represents the majority of hydrogen-rich WDs at effective temperatures <em>T</em>eff<em> ≈ </em>100 kK. We aim to understand the spectral evolution of hot hybrid WDs. Although small in number, they represent an evolutionary phase for most (≈ 75 %) WDs. We conducted a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) analysis with fully metal line blanketed model atmospheres for the ultraviolet (UV) and optical spectra of a sample of 19 DA and 13 DAO WDs with <em>Teff </em>> 60 kK. The UV spectra allow us to precisely measure the temperature through model fits to metal lines in different ionization stages, which enables us to place the WDs accurately on the cooling sequence. Here we present model fits to the UV and optical spectra in our sample. Aditionally, the <em>T</em>eff, log <em>g</em>, and abundance values of our sample objectss are compared to previous studies. </p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Hybridization in Umbridae in the Hudson River, New York, with Designation of Neotypes for Umbra limi and Umbra pygmaea..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Hybridization in Umbridae in the Hudson River, New York, with Designation of Neotypes for Umbra limi and Umbra pygmaea.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/44d60691-9429-4d19-af5d-af82b72abded">https://bionomia.net/dataset/44d60691-9429-4d19-af5d-af82b72abded</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/44d60691-9429-4d19-af5d-af82b72abded">https://gbif.org/dataset/44d60691-9429-4d19-af5d-af82b72abded</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Occurrences from a study of a changing Lutz spruce (Picea x Lutzii) hybrid zone on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Occurrences from a study of a changing Lutz spruce (Picea x Lutzii) hybrid zone on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6b4d1874-734a-4907-b21f-57cf9b99c148">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6b4d1874-734a-4907-b21f-57cf9b99c148</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6b4d1874-734a-4907-b21f-57cf9b99c148">https://gbif.org/dataset/6b4d1874-734a-4907-b21f-57cf9b99c148</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 3 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico
Fig. 3. Dorsolateral views of three whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis). Upper, diploid unisexual A. dixoni C from Antelope Pass (AMNH R-148360, body length 96 mm). Middle, triploid female hybrid of A. dixoni C X A. tigris punctilinealis from Antelope Pass (AMNH R-148141, body length 93 mm). Lower, diploid bisexual A. t. punctilinealis male from Antelope Pass (AMNH R-148113, body length 90 mm).
Fig. 1. A in Altai Mountains - cradle of hybrids and introgressants: A case study in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae)
Fig. 1. A, Genetic composition based on K = 5 of first-level STRUCTURE results and number of individuals included from that particular locality. Genetic composition of the localities with more than one individual has been averaged. Key to the colors is given in a separate inset. B–D, Probability of ancestry of each individual (horizontal axis; total 233 individuals) to each of K = 4, 5, 6 populations (vertical axis). The five populations correspond mostly to the morphotypes hypothesized for species and putative hybrids. V. ×alt, V. ×altaica; V. ×gri, V. ×grisea; V. ×kol, V. ×kolyvanensis; V. ×sap, V. ×sapozhnikovii; V. ×sch, V. ×schmakovii; V. ×ses, V. ×sessiliflora; V. ×smi, V. ×smirnovii; V. are, V. arenosa; V. inca, V. incana; V. lon, V. longifolia; V. pinn, V. pinnata; V. porp, V. porphyriana; V. reve, V. reverdattoi; V. saj, V. sajanensis; V. spic, V. spicata; V. spur, V. spuria; V. ×taig, V. ×taigischensis; uniden, unidentified.
Fig. 5 in Altai Mountains - cradle of hybrids and introgressants: A case study in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae)
Fig. 5. Results of the G-PhoCS analysis for effective population sizes, and gene flow using only pure individuals (no admixture). The inferred current effective population size (Ne) of each species are given for all the five species. The direction of the arrows represents the probability of migration among the species both in forward and reverse directions. The width of the bars represents the effective population size of each species. For population size estimation, we used the equations Ne (effective population size) = θ / 4μg; and T (divergence time) = τ · g / μ; where substitution rate/site/year (μ) = 2.44E-9, generation time for population (g) = 10 years. Migration rates are based on per generation parameter (Msx = msx · θx / 4), which is the proportion of individuals in population x arrived by migration from another population per generation. Gene flow has been calculated using the total migration rate, cases where the total rate is low, it approximates the probability of gene flow between the two species. However, for higher rates, we adjusted probabilities into rates with the equation P = 1 − e−m (where P = the probability of gene flow, e = exponent, and m = total migration rate; following vonHoldt & al., 2016). The phylogenetic tree on which the G-PhoCS analysis has been based is given in suppl. Fig. S2. For complete details, see in Materials and Methods as well as suppl. Tables S4 and S5 for migration rates (msx), τ and θ values, and divergence times.
Fig. 3 in Altai Mountains - cradle of hybrids and introgressants: A case study in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae)
Fig. 3. Chromosome localization of rDNA and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in Veronica. Mitotic chromosome complements of: A, V. porphyriana; B, V. ×schmakovii; C, V. spicata; D, V. pinnata; E, V. longifolia; and F, V. incana hybridized with 35S (red fluorescence) and 5S (purple) rDNA probes. G, Mitotic chromosomes of V. ×schmakovii hybridized with gDNA of V. longifolia (red) and V. porphyriana (green). — Chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bars, 10 μm.
Data from: Ancestral hybridization yields evolutionary distinct hybrids lineages and species boundaries in crocodiles, posing unique conservation conundrums
<p>Interspecific hybridization can lead to adaptation and speciation, especially in the context of recent radiations. The emblematic <em>Crocodylus</em> (true crocodiles) is the most broadly distributed, ecologically diverse, and species-rich crocodylian genus. Nonetheless, their within-species evolutionary processes are poorly resolved mainly due to their potential for hybridization. Notably, the evolutionary outcomes when hybridization is ancient and involves long-lived species, like crocodiles, remain largely unexplored. Here, we evaluate the genomic admixture between the American (<em>Crocodylus</em> <em>acutus</em>) and the Morelet's (<em>Crocodylus</em> <em>moreletii</em>) species, and demonstrate that this hybridization system challenges the definition of species boundaries and poses a triple conservation conundrum: what has been recognized as <em>C. acutus</em> is actually two distinct species, therefore its taxonomic reassessment is needed; we identified two evolutionary distinct hybrids lineages, which are genetically discernible from the parental species; the remaining <em>C. moreletii </em>populations evidence its likely extinction as a species and/or evolution via hybridization. Hence, the crocodiles' distinct species and hybrids lineages warrant recognition and need urgent conservation efforts.</p>
Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows
<p><span>Most species and therefore most hybrid zones have historically been defined using phenotypic characters. However, both speciation and hybridization can occur with negligible morphological differentiation. Recently developed genomic tools provide the means to better understand cryptic speciation and hybridization. The Northwestern Crow (</span><i><span>Corvus caurinus</span></i><span>) and American Crow (</span><i><span>Corvus brachyrhynchos</span></i><span>) are continuously distributed sister taxa that lack reliable traditional characters for identification. In this first population genomic study of Northwestern and American crows, we use genomic SNPs (nuDNA) and mtDNA to investigate the degree of genetic differentiation between these crows and the extent to which they may hybridize. Our results indicate that American and Northwestern crows have distinct evolutionary histories, supported by two nuDNA ancestry clusters and two 1.1%-divergent mtDNA clades dating to the late Pleistocene, when glacial advances may have isolated crow populations in separate refugia. We document extensive hybridization, with geographic overlap of mtDNA clades and admixture of nuDNA across </span><span><span>>900 km</span></span><span> of western Washington and western British Columbia. This broad hybrid zone consists of late-generation hybrids and backcrosses, but not recent (e.g., F1) hybrids. </span><span><span>Nuclear DNA and mtDNA clines had concordant widths and were both centered in southwestern British Columbia, farther north than previously postulated.</span></span><span> Overall, our results suggest a history of reticulate evolution in American and Northwestern crows, perhaps due to recurring neutral expansion(s) from Pleistocene glacial refugia followed by lineage fusion(s). However, we do not rule out a contributing role for more recent potential drivers of hybridization, such as expansion into human-modified habitats.</span></p>
Supporting data for: "Hybrid Computational-Experimental Data-Driven Design of Self-Assembling π-Conjugated Peptides"
<p>This repository contains supporting data and code for the paper titled "Hybrid Computational-Experimental Data-Driven Design of Self-Assembling π-Conjugated Peptides" by Kirill Shmilovich, Sayak Subhra Panda, Anna Stouffer, John D. Tovar, and Andrew L. Ferguson.</p>
Figures 7–12 in A Hybrid Male in the Genus Ophiogomphus (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Figures 7–12. Details of hamules of Ophiogomphus species. Figs. 7―9. Anterior and posterior hamules, lateral view ("ant" = anterior hamule, "post" = posterior hamule, "s" = shoulder of posterior hamule): 7) O. carolus, 8) O. carolus x rupinsulensis hybrid, 9) O. rupinsulensis. Figs. 10―12. Hamule tips, ventro-lateral view inclined from rear: 10) O. carolus, 11) O. carolus x rupinsulensis, 12) O. rupinsulensis (scale line = 0.1 mm).
Figures 2–6 in A Hybrid Male in the Genus Ophiogomphus (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Figures 2–6. Color pattern of thoracic structures of Ophiogomphus species. 2) Thorax of O. carolus x rupinsulensis hybrid, dorso-lateral view. Figs. 3―5. Hind femur, lateral view: 3) O. carolus, 4) O. carolus x rupinsulensis, 5) O. rupinsulensis. 6) Abdomen of O. carolus x rupinsulensis hybrid, dorso-lateral view.
Figures 13–18 in A Hybrid Male in the Genus Ophiogomphus (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Figures 13–18. Anal appendages of Ophiogomphus species. Figs. 13―15. Left cercus, dorsal view: 13) O. carolus, 14) O. carolus x rupinsulensis hybrid, 15) O. rupinsulensis. Figs. 16―18. Epiproct, ventral view: 16) O. carolus, 17) O. carolus x rupinsulensis, 18) O. rupinsulensis.
Figure 1 in A Hybrid Male in the Genus Ophiogomphus (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Figure 1. Hamules of Ophiogomphus carolus in lateral view, showing measure of "gap" length (g) of anterior hamule.
FIG. 2 in Trois nouvelles espèces et un nouvel hybride naturel de Rhododendron (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée
FIG. 2. — Rhododendron evelyneae Danet, sp. nov.: A, rameaux avec une inflorescence; B, détail de l'indument à la face inférieure du limbe foliaire; C, bractées internes à bractées externes, de gauche à droite; D, bractéole; E, fleur, coupe longitudinale; F, étamine; G, anthères, vues ventrale et dorsale; H, gynécée. Danet 4193.
FIG. 1 in Trois nouvelles espèces et un nouvel hybride naturel de Rhododendron (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée
FIG. 1. — Rhododendron tintinnabellum Danet, sp. nov.: A, rameaux florifère et fructifère; B, détail de l'indument à la face inférieure du limbe foliaire; C, bractées internes à bractées externes, de gauche à droite; D, bractéole; E, fleur, coupe longitudinale; F, étamine; G, anthères, vues ventrale et dorsale; H, gynécée. Danet 4319.
FIG. 4 in Trois nouvelles espèces et un nouvel hybride naturel de Rhododendron (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée
FIG. 4. — Rhododendron × nebulicolum Danet, nothosp. nov.: A, rameaux florifères; B, détail de l'indument à la face inférieure du limbe foliaire; C, bractées internes à bractées externes, de gauche à droite; D, bractéole; E, fleur, coupe longitudinale; F, étamine; G, anthères, vues ventrale et dorsale; H, gynécée. Danet 4226.
FIG. 3 in Trois nouvelles espèces et un nouvel hybride naturel de Rhododendron (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée
FIG. 3. — Rhododendron kawir Danet, sp. nov.: A, rameaux florifères; B, détail de l'indument à la face inférieure du limbe foliaire; C, bractées internes à bractées externes, de gauche à droite; D, bractéole; E, fleur, coupe longitudinale; F, étamine; G, anthères, vues ventrale et dorsale; H, gynécée. Danet 4247.
Fig. 5. — A in Trois nouvelles espèces et un nouvel hybride naturel de Rhododendron (Ericaceae) de Nouvelle-Guinée
Fig. 5. — A, Rhododendron tintinnabellum Danet, sp. nov. (Danet 4319); B, R. evelyneae Danet, sp. nov. (Danet 4193); C, R. kawir Danet, sp. nov. (Danet 4247); D, branches coupées de R. kawir Danet, sp. nov. (Danet 4247) et deux habitantes de Dimba; E, R. × nebulicolum Danet, nothosp. nov. (Danet 4422); F, R. × nebulicolum Danet, nothosp. nov. (en haut à gauche, Danet 4226), R. versteegii J.J.Sm. (en bas à gauche, Danet 4228, BO, LYJB, MAN) et R. brassii Sleumer (à droite, Danet 4227, BO, LYJB, MAN), branches coupées et fichées dans le s ol. Photos F. DANET.
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