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668 results for “Mussels”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Enigmatic freshwater mussel declines could be explained by the biodiversity-disease relationship

The biodiversity-disease relationship states that increased species richness leads to lower pathogen pressure (i.e., the dilution effect), an effect that erodes with biodiversity loss. However, whether losses of the dilution effect can trigger extinction cascades remains largely unexplored. To explore this idea, we consider declines in freshwater mussels, on average the most threatened non-marine group of organisms in the world. We argue that anthropogenically-stimulated declines in mussel richness amplify pathogens in remaining species. Pathogen amplification triggers further local losses in both mussel abundance and richness, explaining the observed so-called "enigmatic" declines in freshwater mussels. Vulnerable communities could become trapped in cycles of pathogen amplification and host decline. We highlight knowledge gaps and provide key steps to assess the likelihood of this occurring; these key steps are applicable to any host group. Policy implications. Our argument constitutes a testable hypothesis that may explain richness or abundance declines in previously intact communities. We provide further impetus for the consideration and preservation of diversity at a local scale, and show that effective conservation requires integration of both host and parasite ecology.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Toll-like receptor polymorphism in fan mussels

The fan mussel Pinna nobilis is currently on the brink of extinction due to a multifactorial disease mainly caused to the highly pathogenic parasite Haplosporidium pinnae, meaning that the selection pressure outweighs the adaptive potential of the species. Hopefully, rare specimens have been observed somehow resistant to the parasite, stretching the need to identify the traits underlying this better fitness. Among the candidate to explore at first intention are fast-evolving immune genes, of which toll-like receptor (TLR). In this study, we examined the genetic diversity at 14 TLR loci across Pinna nobilis, Pinna rudis and Pinna nobilis x Pinna rudis hybrid genomes, collected at four physically distant regions, that were found to be either resistant or sensitive to the parasite H. pinnae. We report a high genetic diversity, mainly observed at cell surface TLRs compared to that of endosomal TLRs. However, the endosomal TLR-7 exhibited unexpected level of diversity and haplotype phylogeny. The lack of population structure, associated with a high genetic diversity and elevated dN/dS ratio, was interpreted as balancing selection, though both directional and purifying selection were detected. Interestingly, roughly 40% of the P. nobilis identified as resistant to H. pinnae were introgressed with P. rudis TLR. Specifically, all these P. nobilis carried a TLR-7 of P. rudis origin. On the contrary, sensitive P. nobilis were not introgressed, at least at TLR loci, highlighting that TLR-7 might be a potent effector of resistance. Small contributions of TLR-6 and TLR-4 single nucleotide polymorphism to the cluster of resistant and sensitive groups could be detected, but their specific role in the resistance remains highly speculative. This study brings additional knowledge on the molecular processes of resistance to H. pinnae and will likely contribute to the conservation efforts carried out to prevent from extinction this Mediterranean endemic species.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Effects of hypoxia and spawning on mitochondrial metabolism and bioenergetics of the blue mussel Mytilus spp. from the Baltic Sea

We studied the effect of short-term hypoxia (7 days) and spawning (pre-spawning, and 3 h and 72 h post-spawning) on mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and energy budget of the mussels Mytilus edulis. The data set reports oxygen consumption, efflux of reactive oxygen species (H2O2), fractional electrol leak (ratio of H2O2 efflux to O2 consumption) in isolated mitochondria, as well as the biochemical composition and energy content of the gills and the digestive gland tissues, tissue energy demand (measured as the activity to the electron transport system) and cellular energy allogation (CEA) in the tissues of the mussels.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Aug 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Riverine flow rate drives widespread convergence in the shell morphology of imperiled freshwater mussels

Frequent and strong morphological convergence suggests that determinism tends to supercede historical contingencies in evolutionary radiations. For many lineages living within the water-column of rivers and streams, hydrodynamic forces drive widespread morphological convergence. Living below the sediment-water interface may release organisms from these hydrodynamic pressures, permitting a broad array of morphologies and thus less convergence. However, here, we show that the semi-infaunal freshwater mussels have environmentally determined convergence in shell morphology. Using 3D morphometric data from 715 individuals among 164 Nearctic species, we find that species occurring in rivers with high flow rates have evolved traits that resist dislodgement from their burrowed position in the streambed: thicker shells for their body size, with the thickest sector of the shell being the most deeply buried. Species occurring in low-flow environments have evolved thinner and more uniformly thickened shells, corresponding to an alternative adaptation to dislodgement: increased burrowing efficiency. Within species, individuals also show increased shell thickness for their body size at higher flow rates, suggesting that ecophenotypy may, in part, be an important mechanism for establishing populations in new environments and thus evolutionary divergence in this highly imperiled invertebrate group.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad36/100