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FIGURES 22–26 in Morphology of the eggs and larvae of Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini) and a note on the relationship with its symbiotic fungus

FIGURES 22–26. Fifth larval morph of Cyphomyrmex transversus. 22: detail of the maxillary palp, lateral view. 23: idem, full-face view. 24: detail of the left sub-antennal setae. 25: right mandible, antero-dorsal view. 26: right antennae, antero dorsal view. Abbreviations as follows: asmp, accessories sensillae of maxillar palp (fig. 23); dda, discoidal depression of the antenna (fig. 26); gl, genal lobe (fig. 24); mp, maxillar palp (figs. 22–23); ms, maxillary setae (figs. 22–23); sas, sub-antennal setae (fig. 24); se1-se3, sensilla (fig. 26); spi, spine (fig. 25).

FIGURES 17–21 in Morphology of the eggs and larvae of Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini) and a note on the relationship with its symbiotic fungus

FIGURES 17–21. Fifth larval morph of Cyphomyrmex transversus. 17: head in ventral view. 18: head in full-face view, detail of the clypeo-mandibular region. 19: detail of the left mandible, external view. 20: detail of the labrum in dorsal view. 21: head and anterior region of the body, ventral view, detail of the pilosity. Abbreviations as follows: apm, apical margin (fig. 18); apt, apical tooth (fig. 18); arm, articulatory margin (figs. 18–19); bm, basal margin (fig. 18); co, condyle (figs. 18–19); em, external margin (fig. 18); ga, galea (fig. 17); gl, genal lobe (fig. 17); la, labium (figs. 17–18); lab, labrum (figs. 17–18); lp, labial palp (fig. 17); M, mandible (figs. 17–18); ma, maxillar articulation (fig. 17); max, maxilla (fig. 17); mp, maxillar palp (fig. 17); ms, maxillary setae (fig. 17); s, seta (fig. 17); se, sensilla (fig. 17); sp, spiracle (fig. 17); tr, trachea (fig. 17).

FIGURES 9–14 in Morphology of the eggs and larvae of Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini) and a note on the relationship with its symbiotic fungus

FIGURES 9–14. Larval morphology of Cyphomyrmex transversus. 9: first morph (1st larval instar), habitus in lateral view. 10–11: second larval morph, habitus in lateral view. 12: third larval morph, head in full-face view. 13: fifth larval morph, head in full-face view. 14: third larval morph, head in ventral view. Abbreviations as follows: at, antenna (figs. 12–13); CC, cephalic capsule (figs. 12–13); cl, clypeus (figs. 12–13); fr, front (figs. 12–13); lab, labrum (figs. 12–13); gl, genal lobe (fig. 12); M, mandible (figs. 12–13); msp, mesothoracic spiracle (fig. 10); mtp, metathoracic spiracle (fig. 10); om, occipital margin (fig. 12); sas, sub-antennal setae (figs. 12–13); tf, tegumentary fold (fig. 9).

FIGURES 15–16 in Morphology of the eggs and larvae of Cyphomyrmex transversus Emery (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini) and a note on the relationship with its symbiotic fungus

FIGURES 15–16. Fifth larval morph of Cyphomyrmex transversus. 15: habitus in lateral view. 16: habitus in ventral view.

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FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery of the Canary Islands endemic Aphaenogaster hesperia Santschi, 1911 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)

FIGURE 1. Map showing the geographic position of the Canary Islands (A) and the sampling site and type locality within Tenerife (B). Type locality (Bajamar) is marked with a red polygon and new locality (Las Raíces) is marked with a red dot (C).

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FIGURE 3 in Rediscovery of the Canary Islands endemic Aphaenogaster hesperia Santschi, 1911 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)

FIGURE 3. Sampling sites. (A) Nitrophilous community in Bajamar (type locality). (B) Pine forest of Las Raíces (new locality). (C) Detail of the brood chamber, Aphaenogaster hesperia workers can be seen carrying larvae.

FIGURE 6 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 6. Pupae of Monomorium triviale. A. habitus of worker pupa in lateral view; B. habitus of queen pupa in lateral view; C. thorax of queen pupa in dorsal view. All scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURE 8 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 8. Histological section through the protuberances of last instar queen larvae, showing epidermis (ep) and cuticle (cu). A. cross section of dorsal doorknob-like tubercles; B. cross section of lateral doorknob-like tubercles; C. longitudinal section of mid-ventral bosses; D. cross section of mid-ventral bosses. All scale bars = 50 μm.

FIGURE 7 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 7. Habitus of last instar Monomorium larvae in ventral view. A. M. hiten worker; B. M. intrudens worker; C. M. chinense worker; D. M. hiten reproductive; E. M. intrudens reproductive; F. M. chinense reproductive. All scale bars = 200 μm.

FIGURE 3 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 3. Second instar larva of Monomorium triviale. A. habitus in lateral view; B. habitus in ventral view; C. lateral body surface, showing the spiracles (white arrowheads) and unbranched hairs (black arrowheads) on the thoracic (T2–T3) and abdominal (A1) segments; D. mouthparts: labrum (lr), maxilla (mx), labium (lb), maxillary palp (pm) and labial palp (pl). Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B); 14.2 μm (C, D).

FIGURE 2 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 2. Egg and first instar larva of Monomorium triviale. A. side view of egg; B. habitus of first instar larva in lateral view; C. habitus of first instar larva in ventral view; D. lateral body surface of first instar larva, showing the spiracles (white arrowheads) and unbranched hairs (black arrowheads) on the thoracic (T2–T3) and abdominal (A1) segments; E. mouthparts of first instar larvae: labrum (lr), maxilla (mx), mandible (M), labium (lb) and labial palp (pl). Scale bars: 33.3 μm (A, B, C); 14.2 μm (D, E).

FIGURE 5 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 5. Last instar larva of Monomorium triviale queen. A. habitus in lateral view; B. habitus in ventral view; C. habitus in dorsal view; D. head and mouthparts: antenna (an), clypeus (cl), labrum (lr), maxilla (mx), labium (lb), maxillary palp (pm) and labial palp (pl); E. body hairs; F. doorknob-like tubercle; G. mid-ventral boss. Scale bars: 142 μm (A, B, C); 20 μm (D, E, F, G).

FIGURE 1 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 1. Relationship between the maximum head capsule width (mm) and the maximum body length (mm) of Monomorium triviale larvae. The 1st instar (orange circle, n = 84), 2nd instar (blue triangle, n = 226), 3rd instar worker (green square, n =164) and last instar queen (brown cross, n = 116) larvae were determined by morphology and chaetotaxy. Histogram bin width of head capsule width and body length is 0.005 mm and 0.1 mm respectively.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae

FIGURE 4. Third instar larva of Monomorium triviale. A. habitus in lateral view; B. habitus in ventral view; C. head and mouthparts: antenna (an), clypeus (cl), labrum (lr), maxilla (mx), labium (lb), maxillary palp (pm) and labial palp (pl); D. anchor-shaped body hairs on dorsal thoracic somite; E. lateral body surface, showing the spiracles (black arrowheads) on the thoracic (T2–T3) and abdominal (A1) segments. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B); 25 μm (C, D, E).

FIGURE 14 in The Pheidole Westwood, 1839 ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Colombia: new records including two species with remarkable morphology

FIGURE 14. Pheidole species richness in the 32 departments of Colombia. Note that the highest species richness values are in the north (Magdalena) and south of the country (Amazonas).

FIGURE 13 in The Pheidole Westwood, 1839 ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Colombia: new records including two species with remarkable morphology

FIGURE 13. Pheidole species richness in the Neotropical region. Note that Brazil and Colombia in South America and Costa Rica and Mexico in Central America present richness values above 150 species. Data downloaded from Guénard et al. (2017).

FIGURES 7–8 in The Pheidole Westwood, 1839 ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Colombia: new records including two species with remarkable morphology

FIGURES 7–8. Bivariate plots of measurements of Pheidole praeusta Roger. 7. Relationship between WL and HL. 8. Relationship between HL and HW. The red solid line green solid line, and blue solid line correspond to the minor worker, soldier, and super soldier subcastes measurements, respectively.

FIGURES 9–12. Pheidole rogeripolita Longino. 9 in The Pheidole Westwood, 1839 ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Colombia: new records including two species with remarkable morphology

FIGURES 9–12. Pheidole rogeripolita Longino. 9) Head in full-face view of the soldier. 10) Body in dorsal view of the soldier. 11) Head in full-face view of the worker. 12) Body in lateral view of the worker. Scale bar= 1 mm, except in Fig. 3 (Scale bar= 0.5 mm). Soldier (CBUMA:ENT20911) and minor worker (CBUMAG:ENT20912) photos by R.J. Guerrero.

FIGURES 1–6. Pheidole praeusta Roger. 1 in The Pheidole Westwood, 1839 ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Colombia: new records including two species with remarkable morphology

FIGURES 1–6. Pheidole praeusta Roger. 1) Head in full-face view of the super soldier subcaste. 2) Head in full-face view of the soldier subcaste. 3) Head in full-face view of the worker subcaste. 4) Body in lateral view of the super soldier subcaste. 5) Body in lateral view of the soldier subcaste. 6) Body in lateral view of the worker subcaste. Scale bar= 0.5 mm. Super soldier (CBUMAG:ENT13467), soldier (CBUMAG:ENT13071), and minor worker (CBUMAG:ENT13463) photos by R.J. Guerrero.