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Quantitative estimates of glacial refugia for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) since the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP)
<p>Paleoclimate reconstructions have enhanced our understanding of how past climates have shaped present-day biodiversity. We hypothesize that the geographic extent of Pleistocene forest refugia and suitable habitat fluctuated significantly in time during the late Quaternary for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Using bioclimatic variables representing monthly temperature and precipitation estimates, past human population density data and an extensive database of georeferenced presence points, we built a model of changing habitat suitability for chimpanzees at fine spatio-temporal scales dating back to the Last Interglacial (120,000 BP). Our models cover a spatial resolution of 0.0467 degrees (approximately 5.19 km2 grid cells) and a temporal resolution of between1,000–4,000 years . Using our model, we mapped habitat stability over time using three approaches, comparing our modelled stability estimates to existing knowledge of Afrotropical refugia, as well as contemporary patterns of major keystone tropical food resources used by chimpanzees, figs (Moraceae) and palms (Arecacae). Results show habitat stability congruent with known glacial refugia across Africa, suggesting their extents may have been underestimated for chimpanzees, with potentially up to ~60,000 km2 of previously unrecognized glacial refugia. The refugia we highlight coincide with higher species richness for figs and palms. Our results provide spatio-temporally explicit insights into the role of refugia across the chimpanzee range, forming the empirical foundation for developing and testing hypotheses about behavioural, ecological and genetic diversity with additional data. This methodology can be applied to other species and geographic areas when sufficient data are available.</p>
Text-fig. 5. Palynomorphs from Late Miocene deposits. Gaverdovsky section, North Caucasus. a – Abies minor ANANOVA; b – Picea sp.; c – Keteleeria cf. dubia CHLONOWA; d – Taxodiaceae gen.; e – Podocarpidites podocarpoides (THIERGART) KRUTZSCH; f – Pinus labdaca KRUTZSCH; g – Fagus cf. tenella PAN.; h – Juglans gracilis ANANOVA; I – Carya cf. spackmania TRAV.; j – Pterocarya sp.; k – Ulmus sp.; l – Zelkova cf. miocenica ANANOVA; m – Liquidambar sp.; n – Pediastrum simplex MEYEN; o – Spirogyra sp.; p – redeposited Palaeogene dinocyst Wilsonidinium lineidentatum (DEFLANDRE et COOKSON, 1955) LENTIN et WILLIAMS, 1976. Scale bar 40 μm for all photographs. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology
Text-fig. 5. Palynomorphs from Late Miocene deposits. Gaverdovsky section, North Caucasus. a – Abies minor ANANOVA; b – Picea sp.; c – Keteleeria cf. dubia CHLONOWA; d – Taxodiaceae gen.; e – Podocarpidites podocarpoides (THIERGART) KRUTZSCH; f – Pinus labdaca KRUTZSCH; g – Fagus cf. tenella PAN.; h – Juglans gracilis ANANOVA; I – Carya cf. spackmania TRAV.; j – Pterocarya sp.; k – Ulmus sp.; l – Zelkova cf. miocenica ANANOVA; m – Liquidambar sp.; n – Pediastrum simplex MEYEN; o – Spirogyra sp.; p – redeposited Palaeogene dinocyst Wilsonidinium lineidentatum (DEFLANDRE et COOKSON, 1955) LENTIN et WILLIAMS, 1976. Scale bar 40 μm for all photographs.
FIGURE 34. Orchestina pan, male holotype. A. Dorsal. B. Ventral. C. Lateral. D, E in Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae)
FIGURE 34. Orchestina pan, male holotype. A. Dorsal. B. Ventral. C. Lateral. D, E. Cephalothorax lateral. Scale bars: A–C. 0.25 mm. D, E. 0.2 mm. Images A–C by Facundo Labarque. (PBI_OON 42313).
TYPES: Male holotype from Panama: Panama: Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, 1 hectare PANCODING Inventory, 895 m, 8.68333°, -79.92972°, June 14–19, 2007, M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, M. Ramírez, deposited in MIUP, PBI_OON 42313; same data, 1 male paratype deposited in MACN-Ar 29895, PBI_OON 42312. ETYMOLOGY: A noun in apposition; in Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild natural world, of shepherds, flocks, and mountains, and of hunting and rustic music. He has hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, and the name is here employed to note the large mac- rosetae at the eye region of males that resemble the horns in some illustrations of this god. DIAGNOSIS: This is one of the most autapomor- phic species from the Americas; males have the labium fused with the sternum (fig. 34B), small chelicerae, shorter than the endite length, with anterior blunt projections, and directed backward in lateral view (fig. 34D, E); clypeus directed back- ward (fig. 34D); two light areas on the sternum just below the endites (fig. 34B), carapace almost flat in lateral view and two strong macrosetae at the eye region, pointing forward (fig. 34C–E). Other characters of the male palp, such as the presence of two apophyses, also distinguish this species from others (fig. 38D–F). MALE (PBI_OON 42312): Total length 1.00. Habitus as in figure 34A–C. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Carapace orange, with brown stripe along in Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae)
TYPES: Male holotype from Panama: Panama: Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, 1 hectare PANCODING Inventory, 895 m, 8.68333°, -79.92972°, June 14–19, 2007, M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, M. Ramírez, deposited in MIUP, PBI_OON 42313; same data, 1 male paratype deposited in MACN-Ar 29895, PBI_OON 42312. ETYMOLOGY: A noun in apposition; in Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild natural world, of shepherds, flocks, and mountains, and of hunting and rustic music. He has hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, and the name is here employed to note the large mac- rosetae at the eye region of males that resemble the horns in some illustrations of this god. DIAGNOSIS: This is one of the most autapomor- phic species from the Americas; males have the labium fused with the sternum (fig. 34B), small chelicerae, shorter than the endite length, with anterior blunt projections, and directed backward in lateral view (fig. 34D, E); clypeus directed back- ward (fig. 34D); two light areas on the sternum just below the endites (fig. 34B), carapace almost flat in lateral view and two strong macrosetae at the eye region, pointing forward (fig. 34C–E). Other characters of the male palp, such as the presence of two apophyses, also distinguish this species from others (fig. 38D–F). MALE (PBI_OON 42312): Total length 1.00. Habitus as in figure 34A–C. CEPHALOTHO- RAX: Carapace orange, with brown stripe along
Data from: Pan-European phylogeography of the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
<p>To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer (<em>Capreolus</em> <em>capreolus</em>), we analysed mtDNA control region (610 bp) of 1469 samples of roe deer from Central and Eastern Europe and included in the analyses an additional 1,541 mtDNA sequences from GenBank from other regions of the continent. We detected two mtDNA lineages of the species: European and Siberian (an introgression of <em>C</em>. <em>pygargus</em> mtDNA into <em>C</em>. <em>capreolus</em>). The Siberian lineage was most frequent in the eastern part of the continent and declined towards Central Europe. The European lineage contained three clades (Central, Eastern and Western) composed of several subclades, many of which were separated in space. The Western clade appeared to have a discontinuous range from Portugal to Russia. Most of the subclades in the Central and the Eastern clades were under expansion during the Weichselian glacial period before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while the expansion time of the Western clade overlapped with the Eemian interglacial. The high genetic diversity of extant roe deer is the result of their survival during the LGM probably in a large, contiguous range spanning from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus Mts. and in two northern refugia.</p>
Pan-cancer Proteomics Analysis to Identify Tumor-Enriched and Highly Expressed Cell Surface Antigens as Potential Targets for Cancer Therapeutics
<p>CPTAC PAN-cancer Data Repository</p> <p>Welcome to the CPTAC PAN-cancer Data Repository! This repository serves as a data repository for the CPTAC PAN-cancer effort, which focuses on cancer target discovery. It contains various data sets related to protein abundance estimation, derived TMT-TPA, iBAQ, iBAQ-derived copy number, and differential protein expression for CPTAC ten indications.</p> <p>## Contents</p> <p>The repository includes the following data:</p> <p>- FragPipe Output: Protein abundance estimation data generated using the FragPipe software.<br> - Derived TMT-TPA: Data derived from Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) based Total Protein Approach (TPA).<br> - iBAQ: Data representing intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) of proteins.<br> - iBAQ-derived Copy Number: Data derived from iBAQ analysis for copy number estimation.<br> - Differential Protein Expression: Data indicating differential expression of proteins between tumor and NAT.</p> <p>## Data Organization</p> <p>The data in this repository is organized in a structured manner to facilitate easy access and navigation. The repository structure is as follows:</p> <p>FragPipe/<br> [fragpipe_data_files]<br> Derived_TMT_TPA/<br> [derived_tmt_tpa_data_files]<br> iBAQ/<br> [ibaq_data_files]<br> iBAQ-derived_copy_number/<br> [ibaq_copy_number_data_files]<br> Differential_protein_expression/<br> [differential_expression_data_files]</p>
Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Snakebites is a serious public health issue but remains a neglected tropical disease. Data on antivenom effectiveness are urgently needed in Africa. We assessed effectiveness of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA (IPA), the recommended antivenom available in Cameroon.</p> <p><strong>Methodology/Principal Findings</strong>: We enrolled 447 patients presenting with snakebite in 14 health facilities across Cameroon. At presentation, cytotoxicity, coagulation troubles and neurotoxicity were graded. We administered two to four vials of antivenom to patients based on hemotoxic or neurotoxic signs. We renewed antivenom administration to patients with persistence of bleedings or neurotoxicity 2 hours after each injection. We defined early improvement as a reduction of the grade of envenomation symptoms 2 hours after first injection. Medium-term effectiveness was investigated looking at disappearance of symptoms during hospitalization. After hospital discharge, a home visit was planned to assess long-term outcomes.</p> <p>Between October 2019 and May 2021, we enrolled 447 (93.7%), including 72% from the savannah regions. The median [IQR] age was 25 [14-40]. Envenomation was diagnosed in 369 (82.6%) participants. The antivenom was administered to 356 patients (96.5%) of whom 256 (71.9%) received one administration. Among these patients, cytotoxic symptoms were observed in 336 (94.4%) participants, coagulation disorders in 234 (65.7%) participants and neurotoxicity in 23 (6.5%) participants. Two hours after the first administration of antivenom, we observed a decrease in coagulation disorders or neurotoxicity in 75.2% and 39.1% of patients, respectively. Complete cessation of bleedings and neurotoxicity occurred in 96% and 93% of patients within 24 hours, respectively. Sequelae have been observed in 9 (3%) patients at the home visit 15 days after hospital admission and 11 (3%) died including one before antivenom injection.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions/Significance</strong>: We confirmed good effectiveness of the IPA and highlighted the rapid improvement in bleeding or neurotoxicity after the first administration. Sequential administrations of low doses of antivenom, rigorously assessed at short intervals for an eventual renewal, can preserve patient safety and save antivenom.</p>
Fig. 11 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 11. Biogeographic distribution of dortokid turtles during the Early Cretaceous modified from Cadena and Joyce (2015), Perez-García et al. (2017) and Augustin et al. (2021).
Fig. 10 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 10. Appendicular elements of IWCMS 2018.44. A-F, Right humerus; G-L, proximal end of the left humerus; M-R, right femur; S-X, proximal end of the right fibula; Y-AD, distal end of the right tibia; in ventral (A,G,M,S,Y), posterior (B,H,N,T,Z), dorsal (C,I,O,U,AA), anterior (D,J,P,V,AB), medial (E,K,Q,W,AC), and distal (F,L,R,X,AD) views.
Fig. 8 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 8. Elements of the girdles of IWCMS 2018.44. A-F, right scapula; G-L, left scapula; M-R, proximal end of the right coracoid; S-X, left coracoid. These elements are shown in posterior (A,G,M,S), ventral (B,H,O,V), dorsal (C,I,P,T), anterior (D,J,N,U), proximal (E,K,Q,W), and distal (F,L,R,X) views.
Fig. 9 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 9. Visceral view of the left hypoplastron and xiphiplastron with the left pelvis (A), and virtually removing the pelvis (B) to show the pubic scar of IWCMS 2018.44. C-N, Left (C- H) and right (I-N) pelvis in posterior (C,I), anterior (D,J), dorsal (E,K), ventral (F,L), medial (G,M), and lateral (H,N) views. Abbreviations: hyp, hypoplastron; il, illium; is, ischium; ob, obturator foramen; ps, pubic scar; pu, pubis; xi, xiphiplastron.
Fig. 6 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 6. Dorsal vertebrae of IWCMS 2018.44. A-F, complete dorsal vertebra with fused neural; G-L, dorsal vertebra centrum; M-R, dorsal vertebra centrum; S-X, complete dorsal vertebra; Y-AD, neural arch of a posterior dorsal vertebra. All of them are shown in left lateral (A,G,M,S,Y), right lateral (B,H,N,T,Z), anterior (C,I,O,U,AA), posterior (D,J,P,V,AB), dorsal (E,K,Q,W,AC), and ventral (F,L,R,X,AD) views.
Fig. 5 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 5. Cervical vertebrae of IWCMS 2018.44. A-F, neural arch of the axis (cervical vertebra 2); G-L, cervical vertebra 3; M-R, cervical vertebra 4; S-X, cervical vertebra 5; Y-AD, cervical vertebra 6; AE-AJ, cervical vertebra 7; AK-AP, cervical vertebra 8. All of them are shown in left lateral (A,G,M,S,Y,AE,AK), right lateral (B,H,N,T,Z,AF,AL), anterior (C,I,O,U,AA,AG,AM), posterior (D,J,P,V,AB,AH,AN), dorsal (E,K,Q,W,AC,AI,AO), and ventral (F,L,R,X,AD,AJ,AP) views.
Fig. 4. IWCMS 2018.44 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 4. IWCMS 2018.44, partial skeleton of Eodortoka cf. morellana. A,C,E, virtual three-dimensional reconstruction of the left shell plates and of the bones preserved inside the specimen; B,D,F, virtual three-dimensional reconstruction of the bones virtually removing the shell, in dorsal (A,B), ventral (C,D), and left lateral (E,F) views. The anterior and posterior ends of the shell cannot be reconstructed because they were not accurately scanned (black in A, E). The plates of the shell and the bones were reconstructed independently (shell plates in yellow, vertebrae in green, appendicular bones in blue, and girdles in pink). Abbreviations: c, costal; cav, caudal vertebra; cev7, seventh cervical vertebra; cev8, eighth cervical vertebra; dv, dorsal vertebra; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; lcor, left coracoid; lhu, left humerus; lil, left illium; lis; left ischium; lsc, left scapula; me, mesoplastron; ne, neural; p, peripheral; rfe, right femur; rfi, right fibula; rhu; right humerus; rpu, right pubis; rsc, right scapula; rti, right tibia; sv, sacral vertebra; xi, xiphiplastron.
Fig. 1 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 1. Geology of the Isle of Wight showing the discovery site of Eodortoka cf. morellana IWCMS.2018.44 from the Wessex Formation. A, Map of the Isle of Wight with the locality indicated by a red star, modified from Gale (2019). B, Simplified stratigraphic column of the Wessex Formation of Compton and Brook Bays, with range of original horizon shown. C, Photo of Brook Bay showing the exposed Wessex Formation, with an arrow indicating where the specimen was found.
Fig. 2 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 2. Tera Wasserburg plot of turtle calcite 206Pb/238U intercept age. Quoted ages include propagated 2% long-term reproducibility of secondary reference material.
Fig. 3. IWCMS 2018.44 in A well preserved pan-pleurodiran (Dortokidae) turtle from the English Lower Cretaceous and the first radiometric date for the Wessex Formation (Hauterivian-Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
Fig. 3. IWCMS 2018.44, partial skeleton of Eodortoka cf. morellana. A, dorsal view, B, ventral view, C, anterior view, D, posterior view, E, left lateral view, F, right lateral view. G-H, details of the ornamental pattern on the outer surface of the shell, at the level of the left first costal (G) and of the left hypoplastron (H).
Fig. 5 in Aquatic invertebrate communities of perennial pans in Mpumalanga, South Africa: a diversity and functional approach
Fig. 5. RDA tri-plot illustrating the similarities between the various sites (and surveys) and the physicochemical variables. The tri-plot describes 45.3 % of the variation, with 22.3 % being described on the first axis and 23 % on the second axis. Only the taxa of which more than 10 % is explained by the model and the 15 most significant environmental variables are visualised.
Fig. 2 in Aquatic invertebrate communities of perennial pans in Mpumalanga, South Africa: a diversity and functional approach
Fig. 2. MDS ordination of the invertebrate communities (diversity) of the selected pans with similarities based on agglomerative cluster analysis overlain. Numbers 1–9 represent the different pans, while repeated numbers represent the various sampling occasions.
Fig. 4 in Aquatic invertebrate communities of perennial pans in Mpumalanga, South Africa: a diversity and functional approach
Fig. 4. Mean and standard deviation of the Shannon diversity index, Simpson's index, Margalef's species richness index, and Pielou's evenness index for each of the pans. The mean was obtained from the results of the various sampling surveys and as a result, the standard deviation indicates seasonal variation.
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