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430 results for “Queens”
Data from: Queen pheromones modulate DNA methyltransferase activity in bee and ant workers
DNA methylation is emerging as an important regulator of polyphenism in the social insects. Research has concentrated on differences in methylation between queens and workers, though we hypothesized that methylation is involved in mediating other flexible phenotypes, including pheromone-dependent changes in worker behaviour and physiology. Here, we find that exposure to queen pheromone affects the expression of two DNA methyltransferase genes in Apis mellifera honeybees and in two species of Lasius ants, but not in Bombus terrestris bumblebees. These results suggest that queen pheromones influence the worker methylome, pointing to a novel proximate mechanism for these key social signals.
Data from: Pleiotropic effects of juvenile hormone in ant queens and the escape from the reproduction-immunocompetence trade-off
The ubiquitous trade-off between survival and costly reproduction is one of the most fundamental constraints governing life-history evolution. In numerous animals, gonadotropic hormones antagonistically suppressing immunocompetence cause this trade-off. The queens of many social insects defy the reproduction-survival trade-off, achieving both an extraordinarily long life and high reproductive output, but how they achieve this is unknown. Here we show experimentally, by integrating quantification of gene expression, physiology and behaviour, that the long-lived queens of the ant Lasius niger have escaped the reproduction-immunocompetence trade-off by decoupling the effects of a key endocrine regulator of fertility and immunocompetence in solitary insects, juvenile hormone (JH). This modification of the regulatory architecture enables queens to sustain a high reproductive output without elevated JH titres and suppressed immunocompetence, providing an escape from the reproduction-immunocompetence trade-off that may contribute to the extraordinary lifespan of many social insect queens.
Data from: Genetic components to caste allocation in a multiple-queen ant species
Reproductive division of labor and the coexistence of distinct castes are hallmarks of insect societies. In social insect species with multiple queens per colony, the fitness of nestmate queens directly depends on the process of caste allocation (i.e., the relative investment in queen, sterile worker and male production). The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic components to the process of caste allocation in a multiple-queen ant species. We conducted controlled crosses in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile and established single-queen colonies to identify maternal and paternal family effects on the relative production of new queens, workers and males. There were significant effects of parental genetic backgrounds on various aspects of caste allocation: the paternal lineage affected the proportion of queens and workers produced while the proportions of queens and males, and females and males were influenced by the interaction between parental lineages. In addition to revealing non-additive genetic effects on female caste determination in a multiple-queen ant species, this study reveals strong genetic compatibility effects between parental genomes on caste allocation components.
Data from: Keeping pace with the Red Queen: identifying the genetic basis of susceptibility to infectious disease
Genome-wide association studies are widely used to identify "disease genes" conferring resistance/susceptibility to infectious diseases. Using a combination of mathematical models and simulations we demonstrate that genetic interactions between hosts and parasites (GxG interactions) can drastically affect the results of these association scans and hamper our ability to detect genetic variation in susceptibility. When hosts and parasites coevolve, these GxG interactions often make Genome-wide association studies unrepeatable over time or across host populations. Reanalyzing previously published data on Daphnia magna susceptibility to infection by Pastueria ramosa, we identify genomic regions consistent with GxG interactions. We conclude by outlining possible avenues for designing more powerful and more repeatable association studies.
Winter is coming: harsh environments limit independent reproduction of cooperative-breeding queens in a socially polymorphic ant
<p><span>Animals that live in cooperative breeding groups frequently inhabit harsh environments. It is widely accepted that harsh environments hinder independent reproduction, and this constraint favours individuals staying in family groups. Yet the assumption that harsh ecological conditions reduce the success of members of cooperative breeding groups when breeding independently has not been experimentally tested. We addressed this shortcoming using the socially polymorphic Alpine silver ant, <i>Formica selysi</i>. This species has single-queen (independent breeders), and multiple-queen (cooperative breeders) colonies</span><span> coexisting within populations</span><span>. We placed newly mated queens emerging from each type of colony to breed alone in either a harsh or mild winter condition and recorded their </span>brood production and survival.<span> Queens emerging from single-queen colonies were unaffected by the winter condition and had higher survival and larger broods than queens from multiple-queen colonies. In contrast, queens from multiple-queen colonies had higher mortality after a harsh than after a mild winter. These results support the long-held assumption that harsh environments constrain independent reproduction of members of cooperative breeding groups. </span></p>
FIGURE 11. Paraparatrechina glabra queen CASENT0021681. A in Taxonomic revision of the ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) genus Paraparatrechina in the Afrotropical and Malagasy Regions
FIGURE 11. Paraparatrechina glabra queen CASENT0021681. A, profile; B, dorsum; C, full face.
FIGURE 4. A B. terricola-like young queen offspring from a B in Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation
FIGURE 4. A B. terricola-like young queen offspring from a B. occidentalis colony.
Figure 1 from: Guiraud M, Cariou B, Henrion M, Baird E, Gérard M (2021) Higher developmental temperature increases queen production and decreases worker body size in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.88.73532
Figure 1 The effect of temperature on the total number of individuals of each caste produced in each colony Colonies A1-A3 and B1-B4 were from session 1, colonies C1-C4 and D1-D4 were from session 2. No significant effect of the session for any caste (p > 0.05). No significant impact of the temperature on the total number of individuals (p = 0.96), neither on the number of males (p = 0.24) or workers (p = 0.34) The number of queens produced was significantly higher at 33°C (p = 0.001).
Figure 2 from: Guiraud M, Cariou B, Henrion M, Baird E, Gérard M (2021) Higher developmental temperature increases queen production and decreases worker body size in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.88.73532
Figure 2 The impact of developmental temperature on bumblebee body size. Letters at the top of the boxplots indicate significant differences when the letters are different.
Figure 2 from: Yamane S, Hosoishi S, Ito F (2022) Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
Figure 2 Japanese Tetramorium queens: habitus in profile view aT. bicarinatum (Nagashima, Kagoshima-ken, Kyushu) bT. cf. kraepelini (Itoman, Okinawa-jima, Okinawa-ken) cT. lanuginosum (Komi, Iriomote-jima, Okinawa-ken) dT. nipponense (Umi-jinja, Shikano-shima, Fukuoka-shi) eT. pacificum (Upper Thompson Nature Park, Singapore) fT. simillimum (Yoron-jima, Amami Is., Kagoshima-ken). (Same specimens were used for 'head in full-face view' and 'habitus in dorsal view').
Figure 1 from: Yamane S, Hosoishi S, Ito F (2022) Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
Figure 1 Some important characters used in the key to species a–e petiole in profile view aT. pacificumbT. lanuginosumcT. bicarinatumdT. smithieT. tsushimaef–h anterior half of first gastral tergite fT. bicarinatumgT. simillimumhT. lanuginosumi–k antennal scape showing pilosity on its anterior margin l–n left hindtibia i, lT. cf. kraepelinij, mT. nipponensek, nT. simillimumo, p configuration of ocelli oT. tanakaipT. cf. kraepelini.
Figure 4 from: Yamane S, Hosoishi S, Ito F (2022) Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
Figure 4 Japanese Tetramorium queens: head in full-face view aT. bicarinatumbT. cf. kraepelinicT. lanuginosumdT. nipponenseeT. pacificumfT. simillimumgT. smithihT. tanakaiiT. tsushimae.
Figure 3 from: Yamane S, Hosoishi S, Ito F (2022) Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
Figure 3 Japanese Tetramorium queens: habitus in profile aT. smithi (Hirarahigashi, Miyako-jima, Okinawa-ken) bT. tanakai (Mandabaru, Yonaguni-jima, Okinawa-ken) cT. tsushimae (Nokono-shima, Fukuoka-shi). (Same specimens were used for 'head in full-face view' and 'habitus in dorsal view').
Figure 5 from: Yamane S, Hosoishi S, Ito F (2022) Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
Figure 5 Japanese Tetramorium queens: habitus in dorsal view aT. bicarinatumbT. cf. kraepelinicT. lanuginosumdT. nipponenseeT. pacificumfT. simillimum.
Queen Victoria Lion, Gore Park
Scan created on MAy 25, 2021 https://w3w.co/meaning.being.resists Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The Influence and Role of Queen Gertrude in Shakespeare's "Hamlet": A Detailed Analysis
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 1 in Algae of bromeliad phytotelmata in the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand
FIGURE 1. The bromeliad house at the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Data from: Gene expression patterns associated with caste and reproductive status in ants: worker-specific genes are more derived than queen-specific ones
Variation in gene expression leads to phenotypic diversity and plays a central role in caste differentiation of eusocial insect species. In social Hymenoptera, females with the same genetic background can develop into queens or workers, which are characterized by divergent morphologies, behaviors and lifespan. Moreover, many social insects exhibit behaviorally distinct worker castes, such as brood-tenders and foragers. Researchers have just started to explore which genes are differentially expressed to achieve this remarkable phenotypic plasticity. Although the queen is normally the only reproductive individual in the nest, following her removal, young brood-tending workers often develop ovaries and start to reproduce. Here, we make use of this ability in the ant Temnothorax longispinosus and compare gene expression patterns in the queens and three worker castes along a reproductive gradient. We found the largest expression differences between the queen and the worker castes (~2,500 genes), and the smallest differences between infertile brood-tenders and foragers (~300 genes). The expression profile of fertile workers is more worker-like, but to a certain extent intermediate between the queen and the infertile worker castes. In contrast to the queen, a high number of differentially expressed genes in the worker castes are of unknown function, pointing to the derived status of Hymenopteran workers within insects.
Data from: Reproductive workers show queen-like gene expression in an intermediately eusocial insect, the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris
Bumble bees represent a taxon with an intermediate level of eusociality within Hymenoptera. The clear division of reproduction between a single founding queen and the largely sterile workers is characteristic for highly eusocial species, whereas the morphological similarity between the bumble bee queen and the workers is typical for more primitively eusocial hymenopterans. Also, unlike other highly eusocial hymenopterans, division of labour among worker subcastes is plastic and not predetermined by morphology or age. We conducted a differential expression analysis based on RNA-seq data from 11 combinations of developmental stage and caste to investigate how a single genome can produce the distinct castes of queens, workers and males in the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Based on expression patterns, we found males to be the most distinct of all adult castes (2411 transcripts differentially expressed compared to nonreproductive workers). However, only relatively few transcripts were differentially expressed between males and workers during development (larvae: 71 and pupae: 162). This indicates the need for more distinct expression patterns to control behaviour and physiology in adults compared to those required to create different morphologies. Among female castes, reproductive workers and their nonreproductive sisters displayed differential expression in over ten times more transcripts compared to the differential expression found between reproductive workers and their mother queen. This suggests a strong shift towards a more queenlike behaviour and physiology when a worker becomes fertile. This contrasts with eusocial species where reproductive workers are more similar to nonreproductive workers than the queen.
Figure 3 from: Guo Y, Shih C, Zhuo D, Ren D, Zhao Y, Gao T (2021) The first queen-worker association for Cretaceous Formicidae: the winged caste of Haidomyrmex cerberus. ZooKeys 1048: 69-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1048.66920
Figure 3 Haidomyrmex cerberus, specimens CNU-HYM-MA2015010 (A–C) and CNU-HYM-MA2015011 (D–F) A photo of left lateral habitus B photo of protibial apex and associated tarsus C photo of petiole in lateral view D photo of clypeal lobe in lateral view E photo of petiole in lateral view F photo of left lateral habitus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, F); 0.25 mm (B–E).
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