Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 10 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 10. Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767); ZPAL H.23/7 (originally NMNH 90860 lot). Recent, North Pacific Ocean, Central Philippines (southern parts of islands), coll. J.B. Steere. A. Transverse polished section of septum in TLM; note dRAF in lower right corner (brown "calcification center") and regular growth increments of TD fibers (red arrows). B. SEM of transverse (slightly oblique) polished and etched section of septum; fibers adjacent to dRAF (bottom) show regular tapering periods at ca. 2–3 µm: red arrows). Oblique sectioned dRAD, with dissolved/etched inner components have crescent appearance. C. Transverse polished (slightly oblique) section of septum, TLM view; dRAF show brownish coloration; borders between bundles of fibers only gently outlined (white arrows). D. The same septal fragment as C, stained with acridine orange in MFM view; dRAF exhibit light, green−yellow fluorescence, whereas borders between bundles of fibers (arrows) emphasize greenish fluorescence.

Fig. 9 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 9. Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767); ZPAL H.23/7 (originally NMNH 90860 lot). Recent, North Pacific Ocean, Central Philippines (southern parts of islands), collection J.B. Steere. A, B. Morphology of distal septal edge (A) and septal flank spine (B). Note "Persian lamb" texture of skeletal surface (as shown by these fasciculi). C, D. Transverse section of polished and etched septum. Arrow in enlarged (D) fragment (general view in C) shows "blurry", probably organic material in dCRA and adjacent, radiating TD fibers (ca. 3–5 µm growth increments). E, F. Septum longitudinally sectioned in RAF plane; note dissolved/etched dRAF components in longitudinal "strand" (F enlargement). All are SEM.

Fig. 4. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns 1977. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 4. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns 1977. ZPALH.23/1. Locality data as in Fig. 1. A–C. AFM (contact mode): height—2D projection (A), phase (B), and height—3D projection (C) images of 5 m2 polished (not etched) septum sectioned in RAF plane; AFM tip was placed in dRAF "strand" region as seen in etched sections (Fig. 3C). D, E. AFM (tapping mode) height—2D projection (D) and phase (E) images of spherical bodies seen on the bottom of dRAF "strand".

Fig. 8 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 8. "Ceratotrochus" magnaghii Cecchini, 1914. A. ZPALH.23/4 in oblique view (A 1); distal septal edge enlarged in A2. A3. "Patches of microcrystals" at growing septal edge (RAF). B. ZPALH.23/5. Polished and etched septum sectioned transversely with dRAF that appear to be com − posed of homogenous "microcrystalline" material, SEM micrograph. C. TL M (C1, C2) and MFM (C3) micrographs of longitudinally sectioned septum ZPALH.23/6 in RAF plane. Organic and mineral phases regularly alternate (grayscale enlargement in C 2); brownish organic dRAF components (C1) stained with acridine orange, fluoresce (C2) with bright−green light. Seemingly homogenous dRAF in transverse section (B), sectioned longitudinally is composed of elongated units spaced ca. 5–7 µm (red arrows in C1). Growth direction of septum indicates black arrow. A. Recent, deep−water specimen, SEAMOUNT 2 cruise, Stat. DW 279, 33°55.60'N, 28°23.70'W, 805 m. B, C. Recent, shallow−water specimen from Mediterranean (Marseille, Riou−Grand Conglu submarine cave), 50 m.

Fig. 1. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns, 1977. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 1. Stephanocyathuspaliferus Cairns, 1977. ZPALH.23/1 (originally NMNH 46443 lot). Recent, south of Bonaire, 11°18.8'N, 68°22'W, 384–607 m. Pills sta. P−753. July 26, 1968. A–C. Distal (A), lateral (B), and proximal (C) views of corallum. D, E. SEM of septa and paliform lobes. D. Arrow indicates portion of septum enlarged on E. E. "Patches of microcrystals" (fasciculi of Wise 1972) at the growing septal edge here called the Rapid Acretion Front (RAF).

Fig. 11 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 11. Platygyra daedalea (Ellis and Solander, 1786); ZPALH.23/8 (originally NMNH A.G. Humes collection. Acc. number 274378). Recent, 25 m, north of Ankazo−beravina, near Nosy Be, Madagaskar, August 24, 1967. A. Transverse polished section of septum in TLM; note brownish "calcification centers" (dRAF), regular growth increments of fibers (e.g., in encircled area), and dark brown regions (red arrows) of filaments of endolithic organisms (most likely algae, fungi). B. The same septal fragment as A, stained with acridine orange in MFM view; dRAF exhibit very light, green−yellow fluorescence; higher magnifications (C) show delicate greenish bands matching organic components trapped between successive growth increments of fibers (white arrows). D. Transverse polished section of septum in TLM; dRAF in lower right corner; regular growth increments of fibers (TD) are emphasized by levels of brownish bands. E. SEM micrograph of transverse polished and etched section of septum; fibers adjacent to row of dRAF ("calcification centers") taper regularly at ca. 3 µm matching brownish bands in D.

Fig. 7 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 7. Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper, 1794). ZPALH.23/3. Recent, southern Indian Ocean (NE St. Paul Island), MD50 cruise, Stat. 32/CP 145, 38°40.66'S, 77°35.47'E, 825–1020 m. A, B. Polished and etched septum sectioned transversely (A) and longitudinally in RAF plane (B). dRAF form chain of dCRA ("centers of calcification") (A), which sectioned longitudinally exhibit alternating etching relief (B). dCRA (A) are composed of apparently non−crystalline, "blurry" material. C–E. Transverse polished section of septum in TLM (C, D) and MFM (E) micrographs. In TLM (C, D) organic components differentiate into dark−brown zone of wall and septal dRAF and light−brown, banded zone enclosing dRAF; in MFM (E) they exhibit lighter, green−yellow, and darker, greenish fluorescence, respectively. Contact zone between bundles of fibers (also with apparent fractures) contain organic matter that forms a fluorescent network (E); examples highlighted with red arrows. F, G. Septum longitudinally sectioned in RAF plane in TLM (F) and MFM (G). Minute growth increments (less than 5 µm) appear as "denticulations" on fluorescent bars (G). Growth direction within septum indicated by black arrow.

Fig. 6. Flabellumchunii Marenzeller, 1904. ZPALH.23 in Three-dimensional micro- and nanostructural characteristics of the scleractinian coral skeleton: A biocalcification proxy

Fig. 6. Flabellumchunii Marenzeller, 1904. ZPALH.23/2/4. Locality data as in Fig. 5. A–C. Complementary regions of longitudinally sectioned and polished septum (RAF plane): TLM (A), Back−Scattered Electron mode (BSE) (B), and pseudocolor carbon mapping images acquired on the electron microprobe by wavelength−dispersive techniques (C); black/dark blue equals lower concentration (<150 counts per second) whereas yellow−white equals higher concentrations (>150 c/s). Brownish structures exposed at section surface (A), appear darker in BSE mode (B) as it enhances atomic number contrast; elements with lower atomic numbers appear darker, those with higher atomic numbers appear lighter. BSE darker regions (arrows) match exactly to carbon−enriched regions in WDS x−ray mapping image (C, arrows). D–F. TL M (D, E) and MFM (F) micrographs of longitudinally sectioned septum. Organic and mineral phase of dRAF regularly alternate (grayscale enlargement in E); brownish organic components (D) exposed and stained with acridine orangedye, fluoresce (F) with bright−green light. Growth direction within septum indicated by black arrow.

Fig. 3 in A partial skeleton of an enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China

Fig. 3. Hypothesized phylogenetic position of CAGS−IG−04−CM−007, based on a parsimony analysis of three nonavian theropod outgroups and 20 avian ingroup taxa in PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). Numbered nodes are as follows: 1, Aves; 2, Pygostylia; 3, Confuciusornithidae; 4, Ornithothoraces; 5, Ornithuromorpha; 6, Ornithurae; 7, Carinatae; 8, Enantiornithes; 9, Euenantiornithes. Note the position of CAGS−IG−04−CM−007 within Euenantiornithes, as opposed to that of another Changma specimen (CAGS−IG− 02−0901; You et al. 2005), as a putative basal enantiornithine.

Fig. 1. A in A partial skeleton of an enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China

Fig. 1. A. Geographic location of the Changma Basin (indicated by avian silhouette) and the Mazongshan fossil locality in northwestern Gansu Province, China. B. Schematic stratigraphic section of the Xinminpu Group as exposed at Changma, modified from Niu (1987: fig. 7). Numerals correspond to stratigraphic levels recognized by Niu (1987). Abbreviation: Olig., Oligocene Huoshaogou Formation.

Fig. 2 in A partial skeleton of an enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China

Fig. 2. Euenantiornithes gen. et sp. indet. (CAGS−IG−04−CM−007) from the Xiagou Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Changma Basin, Gansu Province, China: almost complete pelvic girdle and hind limbs. Stereopair (A), interpretive drawing (B), and reconstruction of articulated pelvic girdle and hind limb (C).

Fig. 8 in Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower-Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain

Fig. 8. Sketch of Cantabria labyrinthica gen. et sp. nov." (enigmatic fossil, possible external sclerite of lobopodian affinity) illustrating the cross sections of the previous figure.

Fig. 1. A in Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower-Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain

Fig. 1. A. Pre−Hercynian outcrops of the Iberian Peninsula (stippled) and setting of the Esla Nappe in the Cantabrian Zone (grey area). B. Geologic map of the Esla nappe and stratigraphic sections sampled in this work (Cr1–4 and V1; after Truyols et al. 1990; Aramburu et al. 1992; Álvaro et al. 2000b).

Fig. 4 in Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower-Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of skeletonized microfossils from the Lower–Middle Cambrian transition of the Esla Nappe, Cantabrian Mountains, Spain. A, B. Chancelloria sp. A; chancelloriid sclerites; section Cr4, "Beleño" facies, upper member of the Láncara Formation, early Leonian. A. DGO 21129, longitudinal section. B. DGO 21130, lateral view. C–E. Chancelloria sp. B; chancelloriid sclerites; section Cr4, "Beleño" facies, upper member of the Láncara Formation, early Leonian. C. (1+6) sclerite, DGO 21131, lateral views. D. (1+5) sclerite, DGO 21132, upper view. E. Incomplete (1+7) sclerite, DGO 21133, upper view. F. Parazhijnites cf. guizhouensis Qian and Yin, 1984; cambroclavid sclerite; section Cr4, "Beleño" facies, upper member of the Láncara Formation, early Leonian; DGO 21134, oblique (F1) and lateral (F2) views. G–J. Torellella sp.; hyolithelminth tubes; section Cr4, ooid/bioclastic limestone, lower member of the Láncara Formation, latest Early Cambrian. G. DGO 21135, lateral view. H. 21136, lateral view. I. DGO 21137, lateral view showing elliptic perforation (I1) and detail of the faint growth lines (squared area on I1; tilt adjust). J. DGO 21138, lateral (J1) and distal (J2) views. K. Phosphatic undefined tube; section Cr4, ooid/bioclastic limestone, lower member of the Láncara Formation, latest Early Cambrian; DGO 21139, lateral view (K1) and detail of broken termination (K2). Scale bars 250 µm, except I2 and K2 for which are 50 µm.

Fig. 7 in Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower-Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain

Fig. 7. Thin sections on backscattered SEM of Cantabria labyrinthica gen. et sp. nov. (apatite is white and secondary silica is grey), enigmatic fossil, possible external sclerite of lobopodian affinity from the "Beleño" facies (section Cr4), upper member of the Láncara Formation, early Leonian. A, B, D. Cross−sections with chaotic meshwork microstructure of the sclerites (DGO 21152, DGO 21153, and DGO 21156 respectively) with tubes centripetally increasing in size; note their whole perforated pattern of outer wall. C, E. Transverse sections close to the basal (C, DGO 21154) and the upper side (E, DGO 21155) with subcircular to irregular sections of individual tubes. Overall view (E1) and enlargements (E2, E3) showing the tube walls built of two distinct apatitic layers; see a synapticule−like tube (arrowed) connecting two transverse tubes (E3). Scale bars 250 µm. +

Fig. 2 in Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower-Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic units of the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary interval in the Esla nappe, and setting of the fossils described in the text.

Fig. 23 in The hind limb skeleton and cursorial adaptations of the Plio-Pleistocene rabbit Hypolagus beremendensis

Fig. 23. Cluster analyses of 98 variables measured on leporid hind limb. Cluster for os coxae (A), femur (B), tibia (C), calcaneus (D), talus (E), metatarsals (F), pes, tarsus excluded (G) and general cluster for all variables used in the analyses (H). Species abbreviations: Hber, Hypolagus beremendensis; Ocun, Oryctolagus cuniculus; Pfur, Pentalagus furnessi; Sflo, Sylvilagus floridanus; Leur, Lepus europaeus.

Fig. 12 in The hind limb skeleton and cursorial adaptations of the Plio-Pleistocene rabbit Hypolagus beremendensis

Fig. 12. Morphology of right calcaneus of Hypolagus beremendensis (Kormos, 1930), ISEZ MF/2220/ca/77, Węże 1, Pliocene, Poland, in medial (A), dorsal (B), and lateral (C) views, and explanatory drawings highlighting articular surfaces (A2, B2, C2).

Fig. 16 in The hind limb skeleton and cursorial adaptations of the Plio-Pleistocene rabbit Hypolagus beremendensis

Fig. 16. Box plots of cuboidal indices. Median, range and 50%−segment of values are given. Values above the 90th and below the 10th percentile are plotted as points. Species abbreviations: Hber, Hypolagus beremendensis; Ocun, Oryctolagus cuniculus; Pfur, Pentalagus furnessi; Sflo, Sylvilagus floridanus; Leur, Lepus europaeus.

Fig. 13 in The hind limb skeleton and cursorial adaptations of the Plio-Pleistocene rabbit Hypolagus beremendensis

Fig. 13. Morphology of left naviculare of Hypolagus beremendensis (Kormos, 1930), ISEZ MF/2224/na/2, Rębielice Królewskie 1, late Pliocene, Poland, in dorsal (A), plantar (B), lateral (C), medial (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views, and explanatory drawings with articular surfaces marked (A2–F2).