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285 results for “anaerobic”
Dataset related to the publication Rovai S, Contini M, Sciomer S, Vignati C, Agostoni P. The double anaerobic threshold in heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2022;353:68-70.
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) has an important role in assessing heart failure (HF) patients. Among CPET parameters, a pivotal role is attributed to the anaerobic threshold (AT), normally determined by V-slope, ventilatory equivalent and end-tidal methods. In about 10% of healthy subjects, a lack of concordance between these methods has been reported. This event was named double AT (DT). We hypothesized that DT was due to a delay in chemoreflex response.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reanalyzed CPET data of two cross-over studies in which we compared CPET in stable HF patients treated for two months with bisoprolol and carvedilol. In chronic HF, carvedilol has a greater sympathetic inhibition than bisoprolol, as shown by a lower chemoreflex response.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>In 87 patients, we identified DT in 46% and 66% of cases during bisoprolol and carvedilol treatment, respectively (p < 0.01). Compared with bisoprolol, carvedilol treatment was associated to a lower peak oxygen uptake (from 17.4 ± 4.3 to 16.4 ± 4.1 mL/min/kg) and oxygen pulse (from 11.8 ± 2.9 to 11.1 ± 2.9 mL/min/kg) suggestive of lower peak cardiac output.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DT is frequent in HF and more often with carvedilol than bisoprolol treatment, may be due to a greater inhibition of sympathetic tone and prolonged circulatory time. These findings open an unexplored research field.</p>
Dtaset related to the article The double anaerobic threshold in heart failure: MECKI score database overview. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9:2119-2124.
<p> </p> <p><strong>Aims: </strong>In heart failure (HF), anaerobic threshold (AT) may be indeterminable but its value held a relevant prognostic role. AT is evaluated joining three methods: V-slope, ventilatory equivalent, and end-tidal methods. The possible non-concordance between the V-slope (met AT) and the other two methods (vent AT) has been highlighted in healthy individuals and named double threshold (DT).</p> <p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We reanalysed 1075 cardiopulmonary exercise tests of HF patients recruited in the Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) score database. We identified DT in 43% of cases. Met AT precedes vent AT being met-ventΔVO<sub>2</sub> 221 (interquartile range: 129-319) mL/min. Peak VO<sub>2</sub> , 1307 ± 485 vs. 1343 ± 446 mL/min (63 ± 17 vs. 63 ± 17 percentage of predicted), was similar between DT+ and DT- patients. Differently, DT+ showed a lower ventilatory vs. carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> ) slope (29.6 ± 6.1 vs. 31.0 ± 6.3), a lower peak exercise end-tidal oxygen tension (PetO<sub>2</sub> ) 115.3 (111.5-118.9) vs. 116.4 (112.4-120.2) mmHg, and a higher carbon dioxide tension (PetCO<sub>2</sub> ) 34.2 (30.9-37.1) vs. 32.4 (28.7-35.5) mmHg. Vent AT showed a significant higher VO<sub>2</sub> , 957 ± 318 vs. 719 ± 252 mL/min, VCO<sub>2</sub> , 939 ± 319 vs. 627 ± 226 mL/min, ventilation, 31.0 ± 8.3 vs. 22.5 ± 6.3 L/min, respiratory exchange ratio, 0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 0.87 ± 0.07, PetO<sub>2</sub> , 108 (104-112) vs. 105 (101-109) mmHg, PetCO<sub>2</sub> , 37 (34-40) vs. 36 (33-39) mmHg, and VE/VO<sub>2</sub> ratio, 33.5 ± 6.7 vs. 32.6 ± 6.9, but lower VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> ratio, 33 (30-37) vs. 36 (32-41), compared with met AT. At 2 year survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis, even adjusted for confounders, DT resulted not associated with survival.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Double threshold is frequently observed in HF patients. DT+ is associated to a decreased ventilatory response during exercise.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset related to the article: Salvioni E, Mapelli M, Bonomi A, Magri D, Piepoli M, Frigerio M, et al. Pick Your Threshold: A Comparison Among Different Methods of Anaerobic Threshold Evaluation in Heart Failure Prognostic Assessment. Chest. 2022;162:1106-1115.
<p><strong>Background: </strong>In clinical practice, anaerobic threshold (AT) is used to guide training and rehabilitation programs, to define risk of major thoracic or abdominal surgery, and to assess prognosis in heart failure (HF). AT of oxygen uptake (V.O<sub>2</sub>; V.O<sub>2</sub>AT) has been reported as an absolute value (V.O<sub>2</sub>ATabs), as a percentage of predicted peak V.O<sub>2</sub> (V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_pred), or as a percentage of observed peak V.O<sub>2</sub> (V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_obs). A direct comparison of the prognostic power among these different ways to report AT is missing.</p> <p><strong>Research question: </strong>What is the prognostic power of these different ways to report AT?</p> <p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>In this observational cohort study, we screened data of 7,746 patients with HF with a history of reduced ejection fraction (< 40%) recruited between 1998 and 2020 and enrolled in the Metabolic Exercise Combined With Cardiac and Kidney Indexes register. All patients underwent a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test, executed using a ramp protocol on an electronically braked cycle ergometer.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>This study considered 6,157 patients with HF with identified AT. Follow-up was median, 4.2 years (25th-75th percentiles, 1.9-5.0 years). Both V.O<sub>2</sub>ATabs (mean ± SD, 823 ± 305 mL/min) and V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_pred (mean ± SD, 39.6 ± 13.9%), but not V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_obs (mean ± SD, 69.2 ± 17.7%), well stratified the population regarding prognosis (composite end point: cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplant, or left ventricular assist device). Comparing area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values, V.O<sub>2</sub>ATabs (0.680) and V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_pred (0.688) performed similarly, whereas V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_obs (0.538) was significantly weaker (P < .001). Moreover, the V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_pred AUC value was the only one performing as well as the AUC based on peak V.O<sub>2</sub> (0.710), with an even a higher AUC (0.637 vs 0.618, respectively) in the group with severe HF (peak V.O<sub>2</sub> < 12 mL/min/kg). Finally, the combination of V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_pred with peak V.O<sub>2</sub> and V. per CO<sub>2</sub> production shows the highest prognostic power.</p> <p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>In HF, V.O<sub>2</sub>AT%peak_pred is the best way to report V.O<sub>2</sub> at AT in relationship to prognosis, with a prognostic power comparable to that of peak V.O<sub>2</sub> and, remarkably, in patients with severe HF.</p>
raw data of "Evidence of a double anaerobic threshold in healthy subjects" paper
<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The anaerobic threshold (AT) is an important cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameter both in healthy and in patients. It is normally determined with three approaches: V-slope method, ventilatory equivalent method, and end-tidal method. The finding of different AT values with these methods is only anecdotic. We defined the presence of a double threshold (DT) when a ΔVO2 > 15 mL/min was observed between the V-slope method (met AT) and the other two methods (vent AT). The aim was to identify whether there is a DT in healthy subjects.</p> <p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 476 healthy subjects who performed CPET in our laboratory between 2009 and 2018. We identified 51 subjects with a DT (11% of cases). Cardiopulmonary exercise test data at rest and during the exercise were not different in subjects with DT compared to those without. Met AT always preceded vent AT. Compared to subjects without DT, those with DT showed at met AT lower carbon dioxide output (VCO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PetCO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and higher ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2). Compared to met AT, vent AT showed a higher oxygen uptake (VO2), VCO2, ventilation, respiratory rate, RER, work rate, and PetCO2 but a lower VE/VCO2 and end-tidal oxygen tension. Finally, subjects with DT showed a higher VO2 increase during the isocapnic buffering period.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Double threshold was present in healthy subjects. The presence of DT does not influence peak exercise performance, but it is associated with a delayed before acidosis-induced hyperventilation.</p>
H2 partial pressure switches autotrophic pathways in an anaerobic bacterium
<p>proteomics.xlsx: Full proteome expression data for Table S6</p> <p>*.tab files: Initial sequence sets as downloaded from UniProtKB.</p> <p>*_cluster.fa: Sequences clustered to an identity of 95%</p> <p>*_cluster.fa.clstr: Clustering information</p> <p>*_cluster_homo.fa: Sequences not homologous to the <em>A. degensii</em> enzymes removed</p> <p>*_mafft.fa: Alignments</p> <p>*_mafft_fasttree: Tree files in nexus format</p>
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