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FIGURE 2 in Lonchocarpus verticillatus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): A new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Colombia
FIGURE 2. Lankester Composite Digital Plate (LCDP) Lonchocarpus verticillatus. A. Terminal branch with the arrangement of leaves and infructescence. B. Shapes and sizes of leaflets. C. Pre-anthesis flowers. D. Flower at anthesis (lateral view). E. Standard petal in frontal view; wing petal and keel petal in lateral view. F. Calyx, staminal tube, and gynoecium. G. Fruits. A, G based on C. Rivera et al 1370; B–F based on W. Ariza-C. et al. 9523. Photographs by Cristiam Rivera.
FIGURE 1 in Lonchocarpus verticillatus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): A new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Colombia
FIGURE 1. Illustration of Lonchocarpus verticillatus A. Terminal branch with the arrangement of leaves and inflorescence. B. Branch showing the whorled arrangement of the leaves. C. Lenticels on branches. D. Detail of the venation in the intercostal space in abaxial view. E. Detail of pseudoracemose inflorescence with a pair of pedicellate flowers at the end of a short peduncle or brachyblast which form a "Y". F. Ventral view of flower at anthesis. G. Dorsal view of flower. H. Lateral view of flower with standard petal reflexed. I. Detail of bracteoles in the subapical segment of the pedicel. J. Calyx open adaxial surface. K. Standard. L. keel petals partially attached. M. wings. N. Staminal tube with callosities at the base (left) and tube open view inner surface (right). O. Anthers dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. P. Gynoecium with stigma detail, Q. Infructescence. R. Fruits. A–P based on C. Rivera et al 1370; Q–R based on W. Ariza-C. et al. 9523. Illustration by Omar Bernal.
FIGURE 3 in Lonchocarpus verticillatus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): A new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Colombia
FIGURE 3. Habitat and vegetative morphology of Lonchocarpus verticillatus A. Habitat in the Cauca River Canyon. B. Isolated tree in a pasture. C. Branch with whorled leaves and discolorous leaflets. D. Node of the branch and stipules (red arrows). E. Lenticellate trunk and yellowish inner bark. Photographs A–E: William Ariza.
Radial growth responses of Larix gmelinii to drought events in dry and wet areas of northern temperate forest
<p>This is the dataset used in the paper "Radial growth responses of <em>Larix gmelinii</em> to drought events in dry and wet areas of northern temperate forest". The dataset contains treering chronology of larch (<em>Larix gmelinii</em>) and climatic data in the Altai Mountains (dry area) and Changbai Mountains (wet area).</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Armijos-Ojeda D, Székely D, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Ordóñez-Delgado L, Escudero A, Espinosa CI (2021) Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru. ZooKeys 1063: 23-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1063.69580
Appendix 1. Reference list for life-history characteristics of amphibians of the Equatorial Seasonally Dry Forest (Table 1)
Castela senticosa (Simaroubaceae: Sapindales), a new species from the Caribbean clade endemic to seasonally dry tropical forest on Hispaniola
<p>Recent fieldwork in the Sierra Martín García in southwestern Dominican Republic has yielded a new species of the American clade <i>Castela</i> (Simaroubaceae), <b><i>Castela senticosa</i></b> sp. nov., from seasonally dry tropical forest. This species has been collected from two separate localities, including Môle St. Nicolas in northwestern Haiti in 1929, but until now fertile material with both flowers and fruit was unknown. We provide a photographic plate and illustration, place it phylogenetically using plastome data, and compare it morphologically with close relatives. This increases the number of known species of <i>Castela</i> on Hispaniola from one to two, both of which are endemic but from different clades, and yields another species for the Greater Antilles, a known biodiversity hotspot and clear center of diversification for this group of arid-adapted, thorny shrubs. This work emphasizes that seasonally dry tropical forest, although often understudied, house as yet undiscovered biodiversity and deserve far more comprehensive studies.</p>
Distribution. Wet Zone of Sri Lanka, from Sinharaja Forest Reserve through the lowlands around Colombo north to Katagamuwa on the border of the Dry Zone at 6° 24' N, 81° 25' E, and into the highlands at least to the Kandy District. in Tragulidae
Distribution. Wet Zone of Sri Lanka, from Sinharaja Forest Reserve through the lowlands around Colombo north to Katagamuwa on the border of the Dry Zone at 6° 24' N, 81° 25' E, and into the highlands at least to the Kandy District.
Figure 3 in The Dry-forest Sabrewing Campylopterus calcirupicola (Aves: Trochilidae) nests in limestone caves
Figure 3. (a) Microhabitat around the Boqueirão cave, which entrance can be seen on the upper right, after the wood walkway. Picture taken at the end of the wet season. (b) Ponte de Pedra limestone arch during the middle dry season. (c) Entrance of the Lapa Grande cave during the end of the wet season. The arrow points the approximate location of Nest 4, which was built beneath the suspended wood walkway. Photographs by: Cryslaine Ribeiro (a), Lucas Alves (b) and Wagner Nogueira (c).
Figure 2 in The Dry-forest Sabrewing Campylopterus calcirupicola (Aves: Trochilidae) nests in limestone caves
Figure 2. Three nests of the Dry-forest Sabrewing Campylopterus calcirupicola photographed at the Lapa Grande State Park, municipality of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. (a) Nest 1 photographed on 6 January 2018. (b) Nest 4 photographed on 18 March 2018. (c–e) Nest 2 photographed on 22 February 2018. This same nest was photographed again on 12 March (f) and 18 March (g) Photographs by Eduardo Gomes de Assis (a), Wagner Nogueira (c–e), and Warley Miranda (b, f and g).
Figure 1 in The Dry-forest Sabrewing Campylopterus calcirupicola (Aves: Trochilidae) nests in limestone caves
Figure 1. Climate data from the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, for the years 2009 to 2018, showing average monthly precipitation and average monthly mean temperature. Whiskers indicate maximum and minimum average monthly temperature. Data from the Meteorological Station 8343, which is held by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Bars above the climate graph indicate periods for which we detected nests with eggs (grey bar) and nestlings (black bar). Bars were built from our nest records, which were back dated using an incubation period of 15 days and a nestling period of 22 days, as reported for the Gray-breasted Sabrewing C. largipennis (Ruschi 1982). Gonadal data are from specimens collected in our study area (Lopes et al. 2017).
FIGURE 1 in Russelia tehuana (Plantaginaceae), a new species from the tropical dry deciduous forest in Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Russelia tehuana Pérez-Calix & Guzmán-Díaz, sp. nov. A) Branch with leaves and inflorescence; B) stem segments showing sides and ridges at the angles; C) detail of the abaxial side of the lamina, resinous lepidotes are present across both surfaces of the lamina; D) lateral view of the flower, the centrally constricted corolla is a unique trait of this species; E) flower dissection; F) lateral view of the ovary; G) capsule; H) dehiscent capsule locule; I) seed. Drawing by Alfonso Barbosa García based on E. Pérez-Calix 6745 (IEB).
FIGURE 2 in Russelia tehuana (Plantaginaceae), a new species from the tropical dry deciduous forest in Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Known distribution of Russelia tehuana in Oaxaca, Mexico. The type locality is indicated with a black dot.
Dry season intensity has equivocal effects on the nutritional condition of understory birds in a Neotropical forest
<p>Rainfall regime, the amount and timing of annual precipitation, can influence the breeding phenology, individual fitness, and population dynamics of tropical birds. In Neotropical regions with rainfall seasonality (i.e., wet and dry seasons), the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can exacerbate seasonal drought and negatively impact avian survival and reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying associations between seasonal drought conditions and avian demography are largely unexplored. One hypothesis is that nutritional condition mediates demographic responses to seasonal drought– individuals in poor condition may be less capable of balancing their energy budgets and consequently suffer reduced survival, lower reproductive output, or both. We estimated nutritional condition (i.e., scaled mass index, percent hematocrit, plasma lipid metabolites) as a proxy of energy balance in understory forest birds with contrasting population-level responses to dry season length. This study took place across two dry seasons of differing intensity in central Panama– an El Niño dry season (2016, severe drought) and a more typical dry season (2017). Scaled mass index remained relatively constant throughout both dry seasons and across years for five common focal species and among four foraging guilds (22 additional species, 27 species total). Three of five focal species did exhibit reduced nutritional condition (i.e., lower hematocrit and/or higher β-hydroxybutyrate) during the El Niño dry season but not during the more typical dry season. However, foraging guilds did not show consistent nutritional responses to seasonal drought and we found little evidence of reduced nutritional condition at the guild level, suggesting that many Neotropical forest bird species are capable of tolerating seasonal drought.</p>
Taxonomic and functional compositions and environmental data of 19 seedling assemblages in a Caatinga dry forest
<p>We used these information to assess the structure, composition, and diversity of woody seedling assemblages across 19 forest stands in a human-modified landscape of Caatinga dry forest, assessing the role played by rainfall, aboveground biomass, and chronic anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., livestock grazing pressure and wood extraction) as assembly forces. We quantified a large set of community-level attributes including functional traits related to water availability, physical protection, and survival success. We recorded a total of 544 seedlings from 59 species.</p>
Restoration priorities for Caatinga dry forests: landscape resilience, connectivity and biodiversity value
<p>1. Restoration actions can halt biodiversity loss and rescue its services. However, in order to be effective, priority areas for restoration should be chosen based on objective large-scale restoration planning. Here, a multi-criteria graph theory (GT) framework is proposed to indicate priority areas for active restoration, based on landscape resilience, landscape connectivity, and biodiversity conservation value, focusing on threatened endemic plant species.</p> <p>2. We applied this GT framework to 10,406 catchment basins of the Brazilian Caatinga, the largest seasonally dry tropical forest of the New World. Vegetation cover and within-catchment connectivity were used to identify catchments of intermediate landscape resilience, which in principle offer more effective opportunities for restoration. Then, such catchments were independently classified into (i) three classes according their value for between-catchment connectivity and (ii) three classes of biodiversity conservation value, based on richness of threatened, endemic plant species. By the integration of landscape resilience, landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation values, three priority classes for restoration were generated.</p> <p>3. The multi-criteria framework generated several restoration priority cut-offs. Prioritization based on landscape resilience selected 36% of the Caatinga catchments as high priority for restoration. By independently adding landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation value, only 12% and 3% of the catchments, respectively, were considered high priority. By combining all three criteria, 9% of the catchments were selected as high priority and less than 1% as top priority for restoration.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: The multicriteria GT framework for restoration prioritization, which maximizes the effectiveness of restoration actions, landscape connectivity for climate change adaptation and conservation of threatened species, can be applied worldwide under different budged limitations and spatial scales, being useful for private, state, and federal initiatives.</p>
FIGURES 2–4 in A new species of Copa (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from dry forests in the north west of Madagascar
FIGURES 2–4. Copa sakalava sp. nov. Male holotype habitus. 2 dorsal, 3 line drawing of dorsal habitus detail, 4 ventral.
FIGURES 5–7 in A new species of Copa (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from dry forests in the north west of Madagascar
FIGURES 5–7. Copa sakalava sp. nov. Female paratype habitus. 5 dorsal, 6 detail of dorsal habitus, 7 ventral.
Restoration and fuel hazard reduction result in equivalent reductions in Crown fire behavior in dry conifer forests
<p>Over the past several decades, the management of historically frequent-fire forests in the western U.S. has received significant attention due to the linked ecological and social risks posed by the increased occurrence of large, contiguous patches of high-severity fire. As a result, efforts are underway to simultaneously reduce potential fire and fuel hazards and restore characteristics indicative of historical forest structures and ecological processes that enhance the diversity and quality of wildlife habitat across landscapes. Despite widespread agreement on the need for action, there is a perceived tension among scientists concerning silvicultural treatments that modify stands to optimally reduce potential fire behavior (fuel hazard reduction) versus those that aim to emulate historical forest structures and create structurally complex stands (restoration). In this work, we evaluated thinning treatments in the Black Hills National Forest that exemplify the extremes of a treatment continuum that ranges from fuel hazard reduction to restoration. The goal of this work was to understand how the differing 3-dimensional stand structures created by these treatment approaches altered potential fire behavior. Our results indicate that restoration treatments created higher levels of vertical and horizontal structural complexity than the fuel hazard reduction treatments but resulted in similar reductions to potential crown fire behavior. There were some tradeoffs identified as the restoration treatments created larger openings which generated faster mean rates of fire spread; however, these increased spread rates did not translate to higher levels of canopy consumption. Overall, our results suggest that treatments can create vertical and horizontal complexity desired for restoration and wildlife habitat management while reducing fire hazard and that they can be used in concert with traditional fuel hazard reduction treatments to reduce landscape scale fire risk. We also provide some suggestions to land managers seeking to design and implement prescriptions that emulate historical structures and enhance forest complexity.</p>
Distribution. It ranges through temperate zone forests and paramos from the Cordillera Central in C Colombia through the Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador to the eastern Andean cloud forests in Peru, southward to Junin department. The exact range is unknown and there are obvious distributional gaps. One major natural gap is the dry forest south of the Huancabamba depression, which separates the northern population from the main Peruvian population. in Cervidae
Distribution. It ranges through temperate zone forests and paramos from the Cordillera Central in C Colombia through the Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador to the eastern Andean cloud forests in Peru, southward to Junin department. The exact range is unknown and there are obvious distributional gaps. One major natural gap is the dry forest south of the Huancabamba depression, which separates the northern population from the main Peruvian population.
Data from: Plant functional types broadly describe water use strategies in the Caatinga, a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeast Brazil
<ol> <li><span>In seasonally dry tropical forests, plant functional type can be classified as deciduous low wood density, deciduous high wood density, or evergreen high wood density species. While deciduousness is often associated with drought-avoidance and low wood density is often associated with tissue water storage, the degree to which these functional types may correspond to diverging and unique water use strategies has not been extensively tested. </span></li> <li><span>We examined (1) tolerance to water stress, measured by pre-dawn and mid-day leaf water potential; (2) water use efficiency, measured via foliar δ<sup>13</sup>C; and (3) access to soil water,<i> </i>measured via stem water δ<sup>18</sup>O.</span></li> <li><span>We found that deciduous low wood density species maintain high leaf water potential and low water use efficiency. Deciduous high wood density species have lower leaf water potential and variable water use efficiency. Both groups rely on shallow soil water. Evergreen high wood density species have low<i> </i>leaf water potential, higher water use efficiency, and access alternative water sources. These findings indicate that deciduous low wood density species are drought avoiders, with a specialized strategy for storing root and stem water. Deciduous high wood density species are moderately drought tolerant, and evergreen high wood density species are the most drought tolerant group. </span></li> <li><span><i>Synthesis. </i>Our results broadly support the plant functional type framework as a way to understand water use strategies, but also highlight species-level differences. </span></li> </ol>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.