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504 results for “ecological diversity”
How long is 3 kilometres for a butterfly? Ecological constraints and functional traits explain high mitochondrial genetic diversity between Sicily and the Italian Peninsula
<p>1. Populations inhabiting Mediterranean islands often show contrasting genetic lineages, even on islands that were connected to the mainland during glacial maxima. This pattern is generated by forces acting in historical and contemporary times. Understanding these phenomena requires comparative studies relating genetic structure, functional traits and dispersal constraints.</p> <p>2. Using as a model the butterfly species living across the Messina strait separating Sicily from the Italian Peninsula (3 km wide), we aimed to unravel the mechanisms limiting the dispersal of matrilines across a narrow sea strait and producing genetic differentiation. </p> <p>3. We analysed the mitochondrial COI gene of 84 butterfly species out of 90 documented in Sicily and compared them with populations from the neighbouring southern Italian Peninsula (1398 sequences) and from the entire Palearctic region (8093 sequences). For each species, we regressed 13 functional traits and two ecological constraints to dispersal (winds experienced at the strait and climatic suitability) against genetic differentiation between Sicily and Italian Peninsula to understand the factors limiting dispersal.</p> <p>4. More than a third of the species showed different haplogroups across the strait and most of them also represented endemic haplogroups for this island. One fifth of Sicilian populations (and 32.3% of endemic lineages) had their closest relatives in distant areas, instead of the neighbouring Italian Peninsula, which suggests high relictuality. Haplotype diversity was significantly explained by length of the flight period, an intrinsic phenology trait, while genetic differentiation was explained by both intrinsic traits (wingspan and degree of generalism) and contemporary local constraints (winds experienced at the strait and climatic suitability).</p> <p>5. A relatively narrow sea strait can produce considerable differentiation among butterfly matrilines and this phenomenon showed a largely deterministic fingerprint. Because of unfavourable winds, populations of the less dispersive Sicilian butterflies tended to differentiate into endemic variants or to maintain relict populations. Understanding these phenomena required the integration of DNA sequences, species traits and physical constraints for a large taxon at continental scale. Future studies may reveal if the patterns here shown for mitochondrial DNA are also reflected in the nuclear genome or, alternatively, are the product of limited female dispersal.</p>
Data from: Environmental and biological controls on the diversity and ecology of Late Cretaceous through early Paleogene marine ecosystems in the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain
The late Mesozoic through early Cenozoic is an interval of significant biologic turnover and ecologic reorganization within marine assemblages, but the timing and causes of these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we quantify the pattern and timing of changes in the diversity (richness and evenness) and ecology of local (i.e., sample level) mollusk-dominated assemblages during this critical interval using field-collected and published datasets from the US Gulf Coastal Plain. We test whether the biologic and ecologic changes observed primarily at the global level during this time are also expressed at the local level, and whether the end Cretaceous (K/Pg) mass extinction and recovery moderated these trends. To explore whether environment had any effect on these patterns, we examine data from shallow subtidal and offshore settings. Assemblages from both settings recovered to pre-extinction diversity levels rapidly, in less than 7 million years. Following initial recovery, diversity remained relatively unchanged in both settings. The trajectory of ecological restructuring was distinct for each setting in the wake of the K/Pg extinction. In offshore assemblages, the abundance and number of predatory carnivorous taxa dramatically increased, and surficial sessile suspension feeders were replaced by more active suspension feeders. In contrast, shallow subtidal assemblages did not experience ecological reorganization following the K/Pg extinction. The distinct ecological patterns displayed in each environment follow onshore-offshore patterns of innovation, whereby evolutionary novelties first appear in onshore settings relative to offshore habitats. Increased predation pressure may explain the significant ecological restructuring of offshore assemblages, whereby the explosive radiation of predators drove changes in their prey. Habitat-specific ecological restructuring, and its occurrence solely during the recovery interval, implies that disturbance and incumbency were also key in mediating these ecological changes.
Figures 8 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figures 8. Distribution of cave-adapted diplurans: A, worldwide; B, Euro-Mediterranean region. In yellow: karst areas (source: Chen et al., 2017). In orange: deserts (source: Olson & Dinerstein, 2002). In blue: ice cover during the Last Glacial Maximum (source: Ehlers et al., 2011). In black: hypogenic karst areas (source: Klimchouk, 2007).
Figure 1 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) trees of Diplura. A, ML tree obtained from 18S rDNA data available in Genbank. B, ML tree obtained from COI data. Only bootstrap support values above 70 are shown.
Figure 7 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 7. Pretarsal adaptations in cave-adapted campodeid species: A, Lepidocampa beltrani from Caverna Batu, La Reúnion Island, France; B, Turkmenocampa mirabilis from Kaptarhana cave, Koytendog District, Lebap, Turkmenistan; C, Anisuracampa sp. from Win Twin Cave, Ywangan, Shan State, Myanmar; D, Patrizicampa sardoa from Grotta di Mesu'e Monte, Baunei, Sardinia, Italy.
Figure 3. Cave-adapted dipluran species described from 1871 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 3. Cave-adapted dipluran species described from 1871 to 2020; photographs of the authors arranged from right to left and from top to bottom: Alpheus Spring Packard, Armand Viré, Filippo Silvestri, Jean Robert Denis, Petr Wygodzinsky, Boris Pimenovitch Chevrizov, Bruno Condé, Jean Pagés and Mark Alan Muegge. Courtesy of Bernd Hauser, Sergei Golovatch and Ernest C. Bernard.
Figures 4 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figures 4. Two cave-adapted Diplura: A, Plusiocampa hoffmanni Sendra & Paragamian, 2020 from Spilaio Sfento Trypa Cave, Crete, Greece (author: Kaloust Paragamian); B, Gollumjapyx smeagol from Avenc d'En Serenge, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain. Courtesy of José María Azkárraga.
Figure 6 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 6. Olfactory chemoreceptor of the last antennomere in soil-adapted species: A, Campodea (Paurocampa) suensoni Tuxen, 1930 from Dos Aguas, Valencia, Spain; and cave-adapted species: B, Cycladiacampa irakleiae Sendra, 2020 from Spilaio Ioanni Cave, Irakleia Island, Greece; C, Pacificampa daidarabotchi Sendra, 2018 from Mejito-do Cave, Kyushu Island, Japan; D, undescribed Plusiocampinae from Huitième Ciel Cave. Banqiao, Hubei, China; E, Turkmenocampa mirabilis Sendra & Stoev, 2017 from Kaptarhana Cave, Koytendog District, Lebap, Turkmenistan; F, Remycampa herbanica from Montaña Blanca Cave, Fuerteventura Island, Spain.
Figure 5 in REVIEW Diplura in caves: diversity, ecology, evolution and biogeography
Figure 5. Bar chart showing the relative number of soil (orange) and cave-adapted (blue) dipluran species per family, subfamily and genus.
Figure 5 in Diversity and temporal variations of the leafhopper fauna (Cicadellidae, Auchenorrhyncha, Hemiptera) in two ecological zones of Egypt
Figure 5. Seasonal fluctuations of the mean monthly temperature and relative humidity in Qena and Alexandria governorates throughout 2018. SE: standard error.
Figure 4 in Diversity and temporal variations of the leafhopper fauna (Cicadellidae, Auchenorrhyncha, Hemiptera) in two ecological zones of Egypt
Figure 4. Monthly variation in the mean density of leafhoppers per week caught by light trap in Alexandria governorate during 2018. Error bars represent the mean abundance for 4 consecutive weeks per month in three sites (12 counts).
Data for: Metagenomics show high spatiotemporal virus diversity and ecological compartmentalisation: virus infections of melon, Cucumis melo, crops and adjacent wild communities
<p>Emergence of viral diseases results from novel transmission dynamics between wild and crop plant communities. The bias of studies towards pathogenic viruses of crops has distracted from knowledge of non-antagonistic symbioses in wild plants. Here we implemented a high throughput approach to compare the viromes of melon (<em>Cucumis melo</em>)<em>, </em>and wild plants of crop (Crop) and adjacent boundaries (Edge). Each of the 41-plant species examined was infected by at least one virus. The interactions of 104 virus operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with these hosts occurred largely within ecological compartments of either Crop or Edge, Edge having traits of a reservoir community. The positive correlation of virus and plant richness at each site, the tendency for increased specialist host use through seasons, and specialist host use by OTUs observed only in Melon, characterised local-scale patterns of infection. In this study of systematically sampled viromes of crop and adjacent wild communities most hosts showed no disease symptoms, suggesting non-antagonistic symbioses are common. The coexistence of viruses within species-rich ecological compartments of agro-systems might promote the evolution of a diversity of virus strategies for survival and transmission. These communities, including those suspected as reservoirs, are subject to sporadic changes in assemblages, and so too are the conditions that favour the emergence of disease.</p>
SI_II_6_Metabolomics, reverse chemical ecology and wood science an integrated approach to explore the chemical diversity and natural durability of the tropical tree Sextonia rubra (Mez.) van der Werff (Lauraceae)
<p>Ce document présente les données supplémentaires générées lors de l'étude de la composition chimique et de la durabilité des tissus d'un Sextonia rubra.</p>
Data from: Genetic signatures of ecological diversity along an urbanization gradient
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Data from: Gender diversity of editorial boards and gender differences in the peer review process at six journals of ecology and evolution.
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Data from: Ecological and evolutionary drivers of the elevational gradient of diversity
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Data from: A facultative endosymbiont in aphids can provide diverse ecological benefits
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Data from: Multiple facets of stream macroinvertebrate alpha diversity are driven by different ecological factors across an extensive altitudinal gradient
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Ecological specialization, clonal diversity and local adaptation explain the co-existence of sexual and asexual grass thrips
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Ecologically diverse clades dominate the oceans via extinction resistance
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.