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FIG. 7. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.2 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 7. — Specimen MPV 2020.1.2, proximal end of left tibia of?Streptospondylus altdorfensis from Callovian or Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), medial (B), proximal (C), lateral (D), posterior (E) views. Abbreviations: cnc, cnemial crest; fc, fibular crest; ict, incisura tibialis. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 3. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN471 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 3. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN471, right femur of an indeterminate Megalosauridae from H14 level of Marnes de Villers, in anterior (A) and lateral (B) views; proximal end in proximal view (C); distal end in proximal (D), medial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: eg, extensor groove; gt, great trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser trochanter; mc, medial condyle; mdc, mesiodistal crest. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 6 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 6. — Dorsal vertebrae of Streptospondylus altdorfensis from Vaches Noires cliffs. Specimen MNHN.F.RJN82 of the type specimen of Streptospondylus altdorfensis in right lateral (A) and ventral (B) views. Specimen MPV 2020.1.10 (Callovian or Oxfordian marls) in right lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Specimen B5 (Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers), in right lateral (E) and ventral (F) views. Abbreviations:ddpc, double pleurocentral depression; vp, ventral plateau.Scale bars:5 cm.

FIG. 4 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 4. —?Streptospondylus altdorfensis, anterior cervical vertebra (MPV 2020.1.11), Oxfordian marls, in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: ags, Actinostreon gregareum shell; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ns, neural spine; plr, pleurocoele; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; pp, parapophysis; pr, prezygapophysis; spof, spinopostzygodiapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapohyseal fossa. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 1 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 1. — Vaches Noires cliffs synthetic log with studied specimen position. Grey interval indicates unclear provenance; dotted line is for easily recognizable Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers (modified from Dugué et al. 1998).

FIG. 2 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 2. — Megalosauroidea indet., left premaxilla (B1), Oolithes Ferrugineuses de Villers, in lateral (A), medial (B) and posterior (C) views. Distal denticles of a replacement tooth of the first alveoli in lingual view (D). Abbreviations: snf, subnarial foramen. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, 1 mm.

FIG. 5. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN472 in New data on the theropod diversity from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy, France)

FIG. 5. — Specimen MNHN.F.RJN472, anterior dorsal vertebra of Streptospondylus altdorfensis from Oolithes Ferrugineuse de Villers, in left lateral (A), posterior (B), dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: pcd, pleurocentral depression; pp, parapophysis; vp, ventral plateau. Scale bar: 5 cm.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Weather data (forecast and observation) at three locations in France over 2021 for Machine Learning Training

The data provided data are historical weather measurement and forecast at three location in France. Measurements are inside files named OBS_xxx Forecasts are inside files names YYY_xxx, with YYY is the name of the forecast simultion (GFS0.25, WRF12km or WRF3KM). In the two cases, xxx is the name of the site (Site 1, Site2 or Site3). Description of OBS_xxx files: - One line per measurement with hourly resolution - columns are: Date(TU),Temperature2m_degC,WindSpeed10m_m/s,WindDirection10m_m/s     Date = date of measurement in TU and format DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM     Temperature2m_degC = air temperature at 2m height in °Celsius     WindSpeed10m_m/s = wind speed at 10m height in m/s     WindDirection10m_deg = wind direction at 10m height in deg. (0 or 360 = wind from north to south, 45°=wind from east to east, ....) If measurement is not available for a specific hour for one parameter, the value "-999" is used. The observation data go: from 16/04/2021 00H  to 31/01/2022 23H Description of YYY_xxx files: - One line per forecast with hourly resolution - columns are: First date run (TU),forecast hour,Temperature2m_degC,WindSpeed10m_m/s,WindDirection10m_m/s     First date run (TU) = date of start of the forecast in TU and format DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM. HH could be 00 and 12 according to the cycle of forecast start.     forecast hour = forecast hour from the start of the forecast date. 00 = forecast for "first date run". 01 = forecast for "First date run" + 1 hour. .... 95 = forecast for "First date run" + 95 hours.             For GFS0.25, forecast hour go from 00 to 95             For WRF12km, forecast hour go from 00 to 95             For WRF3m, forecast hour go from 00 to 95     Temperature2m_degC = air temperature at 2m height in °Celsius     WindSpeed10m_m/s = wind speed at 10m height in m/s     WindDirection10m_deg = wind direction at 10m height in deg. (0 or 360 = wind from north to south, 45°=wind from east to east, ....) If measurement is not available for a specific hour for one parameter, the value "-999" is used. The forecast data go: from 13/04/2021 00H + 72H = first forecast for the 16/04/2021 00H to 31/01/2022 12H + 11H = last forecast for the 31/01/2022 23H

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Plant–insect interactions from the mid-Cretaceous at Puy-Puy (Aquitaine Basin, western France) indicates preferential herbivory for angiosperms amid a forest of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

The nine in-text figures and table below (Appendices S1–S10), and the additional text and excel files attached, provide the raw data, summaries of the raw data, rarefaction analyses, and nonmetric multidimensional scale analyses (NMDS) that support the discussions of the main text. The raw data and their summaries of provide for each plant species or morphotype values important for assessment of their herbivory: percentage of specimens herbivorized, damage type (DT) richness, DT frequency, DT host-plant specificity, herbivorized surface area as a proportion of total surface area, and feeding event occurrences. The rarefaction analyses furnished evaluations of whether the number of samples was sufficient, given the surface area covered by those samples. For comparison, the number of samples was rarified to the number of DTs in those samples. Lastly, two NMDS analyses produced the relationships between the plant orders present in the plant assemblage and their interactive functional feeding groups (FFGs). A separate NMDS analysis shows the association between the three most herbivorized species and their FFGs.

dryad40/100

Novel code for: Synchrony in adult survival is remarkably strong among common temperate songbirds across France

Synchronous variation in demographic parameters across species destabilizes populations, metapopulations and metacommunities and increases extinction risks. Revealing the processes that synchronize population dynamics across species allows us to identify trans-specific demographic processes that are subject to environmental forcing of overarching importance. Using a Bayesian, hierarchical multi-site, multi-species mark-recapture model, we investigated temporal interspecific synchrony in annual adult local survival across 16 common songbird species across France for the period 2001–2016. Adult annual survival was largely synchronous among species (73% [47–94] of the variation among years was common to all species), despite species differing in ecological niche and life-histories. This result was robust to differences in migratory strategy among species, uneven species sample sizes, and time de-trending. Shared synchrony across migratory strategy suggests that environmental forcing during the 4-month temperate breeding season has large-scale, cross-specific, impacts among songbirds. At a scale ~1000 km, a likely proximate mechanism of synchronization is forcing by weather-driven variation in resources, which, in particular, determines the cost of reproduction. However, the strong interspecific synchrony was not easily explained by a set of a priori defined candidate weather variables, with spring weather variables explaining only 1.4% [0.01–5.5] of synchrony, while the contribution of large-scale winter weather indices may be stronger, but uncertain (12% [0.3–37]). Future research may up-scale these results to community dynamics, to understand compensatory intra- and inter-specific demographic processes that preserve meta-communities from synchronization.

FIG. 1. — Micropora mikesmithi n in Cretaceous microporid cheilostome bryozoans from the Campanian historical stratotype of southwest France

FIG. 1. — Micropora mikesmithi n. sp.: A-C, paratype, NHMUK PI BZ 8363, Aubeterre Fm, rock face behind car-park, Aubeterre-sur-Dronne, Charente: A, part of the colony; B, group of autozooids with avicularia distal of the orifices; C, autozooid at the growing edge; D-E, holotype, NHMUK PI BZ 8809, Aubeterre Fm, Archiac, Charente-Maritime: D, part of the colony; E, three ovicellate autozooids lacking an associated avicularium, and one infertile autozooid (left) with an avicularium; F, paratype, NHMUK PI BZ 8655, Aubeterre Fm, roadcutting at junction of D5 and C18, east of Saint-Privat-des-Prés, Dordogne, orifice and avicularium. Scale bars: A, D, 500 μm; B, E, 200 μm; C, F, 100 μm.

FIG. 3 in Cretaceous microporid cheilostome bryozoans from the Campanian historical stratotype of southwest France

FIG. 3. — Dimorphomicropora voigti Ducasse & Vigneaux, 1960: A, lectotype, UB C.B.993 (Ducasse & Vigneaux 1960: fig. 1), probably Aubeterre Fm, Meschers, Charente-Maritime, branch with large polymorphic zooid near base; B, E, F, NHMUK PI BZ 8767, Aubeterre Fm, Pointe de Suzac, Meschers; B, branch; E, autozooids near base of branch; F, detail of an orifice; C, G, NHMUK PI BZ 8768, Aubeterre Fm, Pointe de Suzac, Meschers; C, branch with a large polymorphic zooid near the centre; G, detail of polymorph; D, paralectotype, UB C.B.994 (Ducasse & Vigneaux 1960: fig. 2), probably Aubeterre Fm, Meschers, Charente-Maritime; H, NHMUK PI BZ 8769, Aubeterre Fm, Pointe de Suzac, Meschers, Charente-Maritime, dilated branch with a cluster of ovicellate zooids. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, H, 500 μm; E, 200 μm; F, G, 100 μm.

FIG. 4 in Cretaceous microporid cheilostome bryozoans from the Campanian historical stratotype of southwest France

FIG. 4. — Dimorphomicropora crestulata (Ducasse, 1958): A, holotype (Ducasse 1958: pl. 7, fig. 3), UB C.B.917 Ducasse Collection, probably Barbezieux Fm (foram biozone CVI), RN 730, close to police station, Mirambeau, Charente-Maritime, dilated branch with ovicellate zooids; B, C, NHMUK PI BZ 8271, Aubeterre Fm, cliff north of town, Meschers, Charente-Maritime; B, well-preserved branch; C, detail of autozooids; D, NHMUK PI BZ 8272, Aubeterre Fm, cliff north of town, Meschers, branch. Scale bars: A, 500 μm; B, C, D, 200 μm.

FIG. 2. — Platelinella solea n. gen. et n in Cretaceous microporid cheilostome bryozoans from the Campanian historical stratotype of southwest France

FIG. 2. — Platelinella solea n. gen. et n. sp.: A-E, holotype, NHMUK PI BZ 8564, Biron Fm, Caillaud (north side), Talmont, Charente-Maritime: A, part of the colony; B, group of zooids; C, zooid with narrow distal opercular shelf; D, group of zooids, one with a slightly enlarged orifice (upper centre); E, broken zooid revealing two distal and two distolateral septular pores; F, paratype, NHMUK PI BZ 8848, Biron Fm, Caillaud (south side), Talmont, Charente-Maritime, group of zooids. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, D, F, 500 μm; C, E 100 μm.

Normales climatiques 1981-2010 France

Normales climatiques des 1848 stations Météo France sur la période 1981-2010 à partir des données sous licence Etalab de Météo France. Contient : <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Onglet</td> <td>Description</td> <td>Unité</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Coordonnées</td> <td>Coordonnées converties en Lambert93</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Période</td> <td>Période sur laquelle est calculée la normale</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RR</td> <td>Précipitations moyennes mensuelles</td> <td>mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Txm</td> <td>Température maximale moyenne mensuelle</td> <td>°C</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tm</td> <td>Température moyenne mensuelle</td> <td>°C</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tnm</td> <td>Température minimale moyenne mensuelle</td> <td>°C</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JFChaleur</td> <td>Nombre de jours avec T > 30°C (jours de forte chaleur)</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JChaleur</td> <td>Nombre de jours avec T > 25°C (jours de chaleur)</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JNoDegel</td> <td>Nombre de jours sans dégel</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JGel</td> <td>Nombre de jours de gelée</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JFGel</td> <td>Nombre de jours avec T<-5°C (forte gelée)</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JTFGel</td> <td>Nombre de jours avec T<-10°C (très forte gelée)</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JPluie</td> <td>Nombre de jours de pluie >1mm</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JPluie5</td> <td>Nombre de jours de pluie >5mm</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>JPluie10</td> <td>Nombre de jours de pluie >10mm</td> <td>jours</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Figure 4 Mandible and p4 comparison for several European amphycionids. The red circle indicates the p4 in A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France

Figure 4 Mandible and p4 comparison for several European amphycionids. The red circle indicates the p4 position on the mandible. Modified from Dehm (1950), Kuss (1965), Bergounioux & Crouzel (1973), Viranta (1996), Peigné & Heizmann (2003), Peigné et al. (2008), Nagel, Stefen & Morlo (2009), Morales et al. (2021a) and Morales et al. (2021b). NMB TD1162 (Heizmannocyon steinheimensis), NMB SO4377 (Megamphicyon giganteus). The scale bar is five cm for the mandibles. The p4 are not to scale. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13457/fig-4

Figure 3 in A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France

Figure 3 Holotype (MHNBx 2020.20.1) of Tartarocyon cazanavei nov. gen. & sp. from Sallespisse (MN7/8, Southwest France), in occlusal, lingual, and labial views. Scale bar is 5 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13457/fig-3

Figure 2 in A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France

Figure 2 Sedimentological succession of the Sallespisse outcrop with the location of the specimen MHNBx 2020.20.1. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13457/fig-2

Figure 5 in A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France

Figure 5 Reconstruction of Tartarocyon cazanavei nov. gen. & sp. feeding on a stranded dolphin along the Serravallian sea. We know only few on the inland environmental conditions where Tartarocyon lived. This illustration thus combines all the data from the site la Crousquillière in Sallespisse including the intertidal dark deposits, the abundance of the molluscs, and the mandible of Tartarocyon in the high-tide line. Drawing by Denny Navarra. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13457/fig-5

Figure 1 in A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France

Figure 1 Geographical position of the fossiliferous locality of Sallespisse (Close-up on the Southwest France, redrawn from Cahuzac, Janin & Steurbaut, 1995). The light grey area represents the maximum of extension of the Serravallian Sea. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13457/fig-1