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1,102 results for “human use”
Data from: Fencing solves human‐wildlife conflict locally but shifts problems elsewhere: a case study using functional connectivity modelling of the African elephant
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Human mediated land use change drives intraspecific plant trait variation
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Data from: Using human vision to detect variation in avian coloration: How bad is it?
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Data from: Humans use multi-objective control to regulate lateral foot placement when walking
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Data from: Leopard in a tea-cup: a study of leopard habitat-use and human-leopard interactions in north-eastern India
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Data from: Vertebrate responses to human land use are influenced by their proximity to climatic tolerance limits
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Impacts on food web properties of island invertebrate communities vary between different human land uses
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Data from: Contrasting trait assembly patterns in plant and bird communities along environmental and human-induced land-use gradients
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Marginal imprint of human land use upon fire history in a mire-dominated boreal landscape of the Veps Highland, North-West Russia
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Data for: Human food use increases plant geographic ranges in the Sonoran Desert
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Maximizing human effort for analyzing scientific images: a case study using digitized herbarium sheets
<p>This directory contains "gold standard" set of phenological annotations of herbarium specimen photographs, in Acer_Prunus_gold_standard_phenological_data.csv. The methods used to generate these data are described in Brenskelle, L., R. P. Guralnick, M. Denslow, and B. J. Stucky. 2020. Maximizing human effort for analyzing scientific images: A case study using digitized herbarium sheets. Applications in Plant Sciences 8(6): e11370.</p>
Data used for manuscript "High-integrity human intervention in ecosystems: Tracking self-organization modes"
<p>Data used for manuscript "High-integrity human intervention in ecosystems: Tracking self-organization modes".</p> <p>This includes large aerial images taken from the northern Negev in Israel, extracted areas within them, and metadata on these areas.</p>
Data used for "Studying human-nature relationships through a network lens: A systematic review"
<p>This is the data set used in the systematic literature review presented in Kluger et al. (<em>accepted for publicatio</em>n) Studying human-nature relationships through a network lens: A systematic review. <em>People and Nature</em>.</p> <p>The sheet "Full_analysis" includes all papers (n=138) identified - and classified relevant - through the literature search in the webofknowledge data base. For being classified as relevant, the study had to apply a network analytical approach and deal with human-nature relationships.</p> <p>For further details on the review process and decision criteria, please see the method section of the main manuscript.</p>
Data from: Factors affecting carcass detection at wind farms using dogs and human searchers
<p>1. The use of detection dogs to effectively monitor bird and bat fatalities at wind farms is becoming increasingly popular. All studies to date agree that dogs outperform human searchers at finding bird and bat carcasses around wind turbines; however, it remains unclear how particular conditions during the search may influence carcass detection.</p> <p>2. We investigate the effect of carcass size, habitat characteristics and weather conditions on carcass detection probability, for both dogs and humans, using data from the monitoring program of a wind farm in Spain.</p> <p>3. A generalized linear model reveals a high performance of dogs (~80% detection probability), with no clear influence of any of the variables analysed. Humans, on the contrary, were markedly affected by the size of the carcass and to some extent, by the vegetation structure. Humans performed poorly at detecting small carcasses (~20% detection probability), more so in dense vegetation.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our results provide evidence that dogs perform at a high level under a wide range of environmental conditions. They are particularly well-suited for the monitoring of fatalities of small, rare or inconspicuous species in cluttered environments. Humans, by contrast, are very poor at detecting all but the largest carcasses.16-Jun-2020</p>
Additional Material: Virtual Humans in AR: Evaluation of Presentation Concepts in an Industrial Assistance Use Case
<p>Additional material to the evaluation on different presentation concepts of a virtual human in HMD-based AR</p>
Raw in vitro screening data and R scripts for: A Bayesian method for population-wide cardiotoxicity hazard and risk characterization using an in vitro human model
<p>Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are an established model for testing potential chemical hazards. Inter-individual variability in toxicodynamic sensitivity has also been demonstrated <i>in vitro</i>; however, quantitative characterization of the population-wide variability has not been fully explored. We sought to develop a method to address this gap by combining a population-based iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte model with Bayesian concentration-response modeling. A total of 136 compounds, including 44 pharmaceuticals and 82 environmental chemicals, were tested in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 43 non-diseased humans. Hierarchical Bayesian population concentration-response modeling was conducted for five phenotypes reflecting cardiomyocyte function or viability. Toxicodynamic variability was quantified through the derivation of chemical- and phenotype-specific variability factors (TDVF). Toxicokinetic modeling was used for probabilistic <i>in vitro</i>-to-<i>in vivo </i>extrapolation in order to derive population-wide margins of safety (MOS) for pharmaceuticals and margins of exposure (MOE) for environmental chemicals. Pharmaceuticals were found to be active across all phenotypes. Over half of tested environmental chemicals showed activity in at least one phenotype, most commonly positive chronotropy. TDVF estimates for the functional phenotypes were greater than those for cell viability, usually exceeding the generally-assumed default of ~3. Population variability-based MOS for pharmaceuticals were correctly predicted to be relatively narrow, between 10-100; however, MOE for environmental chemicals, based on population exposure estimates, generally exceeded 1000, suggesting they pose little risk at general population exposures even to sensitive sub populations. This study represents a first of its kind human <i>in vitro</i> model that can be used to characterize toxicodynamic population variability in cardiotoxic risk.</p>
Data from: Identification of candidate risk factor genes for human idelalisib toxicity using a collaborative cross approach
Idelalisib is a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor highly selective for the delta isoform that has shown good efficacy in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma. In clinical trials, however, idelalisib was associated with rare, but potentially serious liver and lung toxicities. In this study, we used the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population to identify genetic factors associated with the drug response that may inform risk management strategies for idelalisib in humans. Eight (8) male mice (4 matched pairs) from 50 CC lines were treated once daily for 14 days by oral gavage with either vehicle or idelalisib at a dose selected to achieve clinically-relevant peak plasma concentrations (150 mg/kg/day). The drug was well tolerated across all CC lines, and there were no observations of overt liver injury. Differences across CC lines were seen in drug concentration in plasma samples collected at the approximate Tmax on study Days 1, 7, and 14. There were also small but statistically significant treatment-induced alterations in plasma total bile acids and microRNA-122, and these may indicate early hepatocellular stress required for immune-mediated hepatotoxicity in humans. Idelalisib treatment further induced significant elevations in the total cell count of terminal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which may be analogous to pneumonitis observed in the clinic. Genetic mapping identified loci associated with interim plasma idelalisib concentration and the other three treatment-related endpoints. Thirteen (13) priority candidate quantitative trait genes identified in CC mice may now guide interrogation of risk factors for adverse drug responses associated with idelalisib in humans.
Data from: Three-dimensional innate mobility of the human foot bones under axial loading using biplane X-ray fluoroscopy
The anatomical design of the human foot is considered to facilitate generation of bipedal walking. However, how the morphology and structure of the human foot actually contribute to generation of bipedal walking remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the three-dimensional kinematics of the foot bones under a weight-bearing condition using cadaver specimens, to characterize the innate mobility of the human foot inherently prescribed in its morphology and structure. Five cadaver feet were axially loaded up to 588 N (60 kgf), and radiographic images were captured using a biplane X-ray fluoroscopy system. The present study demonstrated that the talus is medioinferiorly translated and internally rotated as the calcaneus is everted owing to axial loading, causing internal rotation of the tibia and flattening of the medial longitudinal arch in the foot. Furthermore, as the talus is internally rotated, the talar head moves medially with respect to the navicular, inducing external rotation of the navicular and metatarsals. Under axial loading, the cuboid is everted simultaneously with the calcaneus owing to the osseous locking mechanism in the calcaneocuboid joint. Such detailed descriptions about the innate mobility of the human foot will contribute to clarifying functional adaptation and pathogenic mechanisms of the human foot.
Data from: Functional and mechanistic neurotoxicity profiling using human iPSC–derived neural 3D cultures
Neurological disorders affect millions of people worldwide and appear to be on the rise. While the reason for this increase remains unknown, environmental factors are a suspected contributor. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop more complex, biologically relevant, and predictive in vitro assays to screen larger sets of compounds with the potential for neurotoxicity. Here, we employed a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based 3D neural platform composed of mature cortical neurons and astrocytes as a model for this purpose. The iPSC-derived human 3D cortical neuron/astrocyte co-cultures (3D neural cultures) present spontaneous synchronized, readily detectable calcium oscillations. This advanced neural platform was optimized for high-throughput screening in 384-well plates and displays highly consistent, functional performance across different wells and plates. Characterization of oscillation profiles in 3D neural cultures was performed through multi-parametric analysis that included the calcium oscillation rate and peak width, amplitude, and waveform irregularities. Cellular and mitochondrial toxicity were assessed by high-content imaging. For assay characterization, we used a set of neuromodulators with known mechanisms of action. We then explored the neurotoxic profile of a library of 87 compounds that included pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, flame retardants, and other chemicals. Our results demonstrated that 57% of the tested compounds exhibited effects in the assay. The compounds were then ranked according to their effective concentrations based on in vitro activity. Our results show that a human iPSC-derived 3D neural culture assay platform is a promising biologically-relevant tool to assess the neurotoxic potential of drugs and environmental toxicants.
Data from: Playing 20 Questions with the mind: collaborative problem solving by humans using a brain-to-brain interface
We present, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that a non-invasive brain-to-brain interface (BBI) can be used to allow one human to guess what is on the mind of another human through an interactive question-and-answering paradigm similar to the "20 Questions" game. As in previous non-invasive BBI studies in humans, our interface uses electroencephalography (EEG) to detect specific patterns of brain activity from one participant (the "respondent"), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to deliver functionally-relevant information to the brain of a second participant (the "inquirer"). Our results extend previous BBI research by (1) using stimulation of the visual cortex to convey visual stimuli that are privately experienced and consciously perceived by the inquirer; (2) exploiting real-time rather than off-line communication of information from one brain to another; and (3) employing an interactive task, in which the inquirer and respondent must exchange information bi-directionally to collaboratively solve the task. The results demonstrate that using the BBI, ten participants (five inquirer-respondent pairs) can successfully identify a "mystery item" using a true/false question-answering protocol similar to the "20 Questions" game, with high levels of accuracy that are significantly greater than a control condition in which participants were connected through a sham BBI.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.