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Fig. 4 A-B. Dead L5 in Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Fig. 4 A-B. Dead L5 larvae following the inability to molt observed in S. gregaria L5 treated with C. arabica seed oil.

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Fig. 2 in Spatial distribution of tuna larvae in the Gulf of Gabes (Eastern Mediterranean) in relation with environmental parameters

Fig. 2: Spatial distribution of environmental parameters: Temperature (a), Salinity (b), Oxygen content (c), Zooplankton biomass (d) and Chlorophyll a (e).

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Fig. 5 in Spatial distribution of tuna larvae in the Gulf of Gabes (Eastern Mediterranean) in relation with environmental parameters

Fig. 5: Vertical profiles of different environmental parameters [Temperature (a), Salinity (b), Oxygen content (c) and Chlorophyll a (d)] for coastal () and oceanic () stations.

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Fig. 3 in Spatial distribution of tuna larvae in the Gulf of Gabes (Eastern Mediterranean) in relation with environmental parameters

Fig. 3: Dendrogram of the Euclidean distance between the sampling stations based on the environmental factor (temperature, salinity, oxygen content, chlorophyll a and depth).

Fig. 6 in Addition of cinnamon oil improves toxicity of rotenone to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 6. The concentration of rotenone in brain tissue afer treatment.* indicates significant difference between the 2 treatments at the same point in time (P <0.05, Tukey honest significant difference tests).

Fig. 4 in Addition of cinnamon oil improves toxicity of rotenone to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 4. The concentration of rotenone in hemolymph afer treatment.* indicates significant difference between the 2 treatments at the same point in time (P <0.05, Tukey honest significant difference tests).

Fig. 3 in Addition of cinnamon oil improves toxicity of rotenone to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 3. The concentration of rotenone in midgut tissue afer treatment.* indicates significant difference between the 2 treatments at the same point in time (P <0.05, Tukey honest significant difference tests).

Fig. 1 in Addition of cinnamon oil improves toxicity of rotenone to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 1. Liquid chromatogram (A: rotenone standard, B: excreta, C: hemolymph, D: brain, E: ventral nerve cord, F: midgut).

Fig. 2 in Addition of cinnamon oil improves toxicity of rotenone to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 2. The concentration of rotenone in excreta afer treatment.* indicates significant difference between the 2 treatments at the same point in time (P <0.05, Tukey honest significant difference tests).

Fig. 7 in Addition of cinnamon oil improves toxicity of rotenone to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 7. Cells of Spodoptera litura midgut peritrophic membrane (A: control, B: rotenone, C: rotenone + cinnamon oil). The arrows show the change in cell structure in response to treatment. Note that in A the cells are single, packed, and clearly visible, whereas in B the cell spacing is wider, and in C there is slightly wider cell spacing, and abnormality of the membrane.

Fig. 5 in Addition of cinnamon oil improves toxicity of rotenone to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae

Fig. 5. The concentration of rotenone in ventral nerve cord tissue afer treatment.* indicates significant difference between the 2 treatments at the same point in time (P <0.05, Tukey honest significant difference tests).

Fig. 5 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 5. Parallel coordinates plot for larvae of Ascalaphidae (owl flies), Chrysopidae (green lacewings), and Crocinae (thread-winged lacewings). White line represents MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 7 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 7. Parallel coordinates plot for larvae of Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings), Osmylidae (lance lacewings), and Psychopsidae (silky lacewings). White line represents MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 8 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 8. Examples of extant and fossil myrmeleontiformian larvae. A. Extant Myrmeleontidae (ZMH 62891), note set off anterior trunk. B. Extant Ascalaphidae (ZMH 62880), note very round trunk. C. Drawing of MfN MB.I 2157 from Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil. D. Extant Myrmeleontidae (ZSM unnumbered), note very round trunk. E. Close-up on extant myrmeleontiformian larva (ZSM unnumbered) with two prominent teeth and one very tiny tooth. F. Drawing of unnumbered specimen from Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil, simplified from Rumbucher 1995. G. Larva with two prominent teeth, Burmese amber, Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous, Myanmar (formerly collection Jörg Wunderlich under F3199_ BU_CJW, deposited in the Palaeo-Evo-Devo Research Group Collection of Arthropods, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany). Overview image (G1), close-up on stylet region (G2).

Fig. 6 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 6. Parallel coordinates plot for larvae of Hemerobiidae (brown lacewings), Myrmeleontidae (antlions), and Nemopterinae (spoon-winged lacewings). White line represents MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 4 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of measured dimensions. NMDS 1 and 2 are dimensions arbitrarily generated by the model in a way to best represent pairwise dissimilarity between objects (data points). On the right is a simplified restoration of MfN MB.I 2157.

Fig. 2 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 2. Myrmeleontiformian lacewing larva (MfN MB.I 2157) from the Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil. Photograph in normal light (A1), colour-marked version (A2, matrix digitally amended), stereo-image (A3), please use red-cyan glasses to view. Abbreviations: a1–a8, abdomen segment 1–8; t1–t3, thorax segment 1–3.

Fig. 3 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 3. Myrmeleontiformian lacewing larva (MfN MB.I 2157) from the Crato Formation, Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, Brazil. A. Head, close-up photograph in normal light (A1), colour-marked details of mouth parts (A2), arrows point to presumed remains of broken-off teeth, mouth parts stereo-image (A3), please use red-cyan glasses to view. B–D. Different areas of head capsules with tuberculate surface, positions indicated in A1. Photographs in normal light B1–D1), colour-marked versions (B2–D2), tubercles marked in blue.

Fig. 1 in Identifying the oldest larva of a myrmeleontiformian lacewing-a morphometric approach

Fig. 1. Dimensions measured on the specimens. A. Example of an actual specimen (simplified from Monserrat 2008) to illustrate which dimensions were measured, resulting in a "net". B. The naked "net". Abbreviations: m1, mandible length including the curved shape; m2, mandible length in straight line; m3, head length; m4, head width; m5, "neck" width (located behind the end of the head); m6, widest point of the abdomen; m7, "neck" length (distance between the end of head and the fore legs); m8, distance between the fore pair of legs and the hind pair of legs; m9, total body length (head without mandible + thorax + abdomen); m10, distance between widest point of the abdomen and hind part of the abdomen.