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862 results for “marine fish”
Data from: Fine-scale population dynamics in a marine fish species inferred from dynamic state-space models
Identifying the spatial scale of population structuring is critical for the conservation of natural populations and for drawing accurate ecological inferences. However, population studies often use spatially aggregated data to draw inferences about population trends and drivers, potentially masking ecologically relevant population sub-structure and dynamics. The goals of this study were to investigate how population dynamics models with and without spatial structure affect inferences on population trends and the identification of intrinsic drivers of population dynamics (e.g. density dependence). Specifically, we developed dynamic, age-structured, state-space models to test different hypotheses regarding the spatial structure of a population complex of coastal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Data were from a 93-year survey of juvenile (age 0 and 1) cod sampled along >200 km of the Norwegian Skagerrak coast. We compared two models: one which assumes all sampled cod belong to one larger population, and a second which assumes that each fjord contains a unique population with locally determined dynamics. Using the best supported model, we then reconstructed the historical spatial and temporal dynamics of Skagerrak coastal cod. Cross-validation showed that the spatially structured model with local dynamics had better predictive ability. Furthermore, posterior predictive checks showed that a model which assumes one homogeneous population failed to capture the spatial correlation pattern present in the survey data. The spatially structured model indicated that population trends differed markedly among fjords, as did estimates of population parameters including density-dependent survival. Recent biomass was estimated to be at a near-record low all along the coast, but the finer scale model indicated that the decline occurred at different times in different regions. Warm temperatures were associated with poor recruitment, but local changes in habitat and fishing pressure may have played a role in driving local dynamics. More generally, we demonstrated how state-space models can be used to test evidence for population spatial structure based on survey time-series data. Our study shows the importance of considering spatially structured dynamics, as the inferences from such an approach can lead to a different ecological understanding of the drivers of population declines, and fundamentally different management actions to restore populations.
Data from: Satellite telemetry reveals higher fishing mortality rates than previously estimated, suggesting overfishing of an apex marine predator
Overfishing is a primary cause of population declines for many shark species of conservation concern. However, means of obtaining information on fishery interactions and mortality, necessary for the development of successful conservation strategies, are often fisheries-dependent and of questionable quality for many species of commercially exploited pelagic sharks. We used satellite telemetry as a fisheries-independent tool to document fisheries interactions, and quantify fishing mortality of the highly migratory shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Forty satellite-tagged shortfin mako sharks tracked over 3 years entered the Exclusive Economic Zones of 19 countries and were harvested in fisheries of five countries, with 30% of tagged sharks harvested. Our tagging-derived estimates of instantaneous fishing mortality rates (F = 0.19–0.56) were 10-fold higher than previous estimates from fisheries-dependent data (approx. 0.015–0.024), suggesting data used in stock assessments may considerably underestimate fishing mortality. Additionally, our estimates of F were greater than those associated with maximum sustainable yield, suggesting a state of overfishing. This information has direct application to evaluations of stock status and for effective management of populations, and thus satellite tagging studies have potential to provide more accurate estimates of fishing mortality and survival than traditional fisheries-dependent methodology.
Data from: Can larvae of a marine fish adapt to ocean acidification? Evaluating the evolutionary potential of California Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis)
Ocean acidification can reduce the growth and survival of marine species during their larval stages. However, if populations have the genetic capacity to adapt and increase their tolerance of low pH and high pCO2 levels, this may offset the harmful effects of ocean acidification. By combining controlled breeding experiments with laboratory manipulations of seawater chemistry, we evaluated genetic variation in tolerance of ocean acidification conditions for a nearshore marine fish, the California Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis). Our results indicated that acidification conditions increased overall mortality rates of grunion larvae, but did not have a significant effect on growth. Groups of larvae varied widely with respect to mortality and growth rates in both ambient and acidified conditions. We demonstrate that the potential to evolve in response to ocean acidification is best described by considering additive genetic variation in fitness-related traits under both ambient and acidified conditions, and by evaluating the genetic correlation between traits expressed in these environments. We used a multivariate animal model to estimate additive genetic (co)variance in larval growth and mortality rates under both ambient and acidified conditions (low pH/high pCO2). Our results suggest appreciable genetic variation in larval mortality rates (h2Ambient = 0.120; h2Acidified = 0.183; rG = 0.460), but less genetic variation in growth (h2Ambient = 0.092; h2Acidified = 0.101; rG = 0.135). Maternal effects on larval mortality rates accounted for 26-36% of the variation in phenotypes, but maternal effects accounted for only 8% of the variation in growth. Collectively, our estimates of genetic variation and covariation suggest that populations of California Grunion have the capacity to adapt relatively quickly to long-term changes in ocean chemistry.
Data from: An Eocene paraclupeid fish (Teleostei, Ellimmichthyiformes) from Bolca, Italy: the youngest marine record of double-armoured herrings
A new double‐armoured herring of the clupeomorph order Ellimmichthyiformes, Eoellimmichthys superstes gen. et sp. nov., is described herein based on a single partially complete specimen from the early Eocene Pesciara site of the Bolca Konservat‐Lagerstätte, north‐eastern Italy. The fossil documented herein exhibits a unique combination of features (e.g. ornamentation of the skull bones; medial fusion of the contralateral halves of the neural arches of abdominal vertebrae; teeth on endopterygoid, parhypural fused to the first preural centrum; presence of a short series of 6 (or 7) predorsal scutes increasing in size posteriorly; postpelvic scutes bearing very prominent spines), which clearly supports its recognition as a new genus and species of the family Paraclupeidae. Evidence is provided to show that Eoellimmichthys gen. nov. is most closely related phylogenetically to the Early Cretaceous genus Ellimmichthys. The new taxon described herein represents the youngest marine occurrence of the family Paraclupeidae and, more generally, of the order Ellimmichthyiformes, suggesting that the shallow marine settings of the Tethys might have favoured the persistence of certain fish lineages that were severely affected by the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction.
Data from: Strong, nonlinear selection against fluctuating asymmetry in wild populations of a marine fish
Theoretical links between fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and fitness have led many to use FA as a proxy for average fitness. However, studies examining whether asymmetry actually correlates with individual fitness in wild populations are relatively rare and often use simple measures of association (e.g., correlation coefficients). Consequently, the pattern of selection on asymmetry in the wild is seldom clear. We examined selection on FA of pectoral fin morphology in two wild populations of a marine fish (the kelp perch; Brachyistius frenatus). As expected, variance in signed FA in each initial sample was significantly greater than that found in the surviving population, indicating selection against FA. Our estimate of the fitness surface confirmed perfect symmetry as the phenotypic optimum and indicated strong, nonlinear selection against asymmetry. No difference in the form of selection was detected between populations. However, the level of FA in the initial samples varied among populations, leading to an overall difference in the level of selective mortality. Our results suggest that selection on asymmetry in wild populations may be strongly nonlinear, and indicate that the demographic costs of asymmetry may play a substantial role in the dynamics of populations.
Data from: A quantitative genetic approach to assess the evolutionary potential of a coastal marine fish to ocean acidification
Assessing the potential of marine organisms to adapt genetically to increasing oceanic CO2 levels requires proxies such as heritability of fitness-related traits under ocean acidification (OA). We applied a quantitative genetic method to derive the first heritability estimate of survival under elevated CO2 conditions in a metazoan. Specifically, we reared offspring, selected from a wild coastal fish population (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia), at high CO2 conditions (~2,300 μatm) from fertilization to 15 days post hatch, which significantly reduced survival compared to controls. Perished and surviving offspring were quantitatively sampled and genotyped along with their parents, using 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci, to reconstruct a parent-offspring pedigree and estimate variance components. Genetically related individuals were phenotypically more similar (i.e., survived similarly long at elevated CO2 conditions) than unrelated individuals, which translated into a significantly non-zero heritability (0.20 ± 0.07). The contribution of maternal effects was surprisingly small (0.05 ± 0.04) and non-significant. Survival among replicates was positively correlated with genetic diversity, particularly with observed heterozygosity. We conclude that early life survival of M. menidia under high CO2 levels has a significant additive genetic component that could elicit an evolutionary response to OA, depending on the strength and direction of future selection.
Data from: Effects of Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve on demersal fish populations
PLEASE NOTE, THESE DATA ARE ALSO REFERRED TO IN SUBSEQUENT PUBLICATIONS. PLEASE SEE Anderson et al. (2019) at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4948 FOR MORE INFORMATION. We describe a new pathway for multivariate analysis of data consisting of counts of species abundances that includes two key components: copulas, to provide a flexible joint model of individual species, and dissimilarity-based methods, to integrate information across species and provide a holistic view of the community. Individual species are characterized using suitable (marginal) statistical distributions, with the mean, the degree of over-dispersion and/or zero-inflation being allowed to vary among a priori groups of sampling units. Associations among species are then modelled using copulas, which allow any pair of disparate types of variables to be coupled through their cumulative distribution function, while maintaining entirely the separate individual marginal distributions appropriate for each species. A Gaussian copula smoothly captures changes in an index of association that excludes joint-absences in the space of the original species variables. A permutation-based filter with exact family-wise error can optionally be used a priori to reduce the dimensionality of the copula estimation problem. We describe in detail an MCEM algorithm for efficient estimation of the copula correlation matrix with discrete marginal distributions (counts). The resulting fully parameterized copula models can be used to simulate realistic ecological community data under fully specified null or alternative hypotheses. Distributions of community centroids derived from simulated data can then be visualized in ordinations of ecologically meaningful dissimilarity spaces. Multinomial mixtures of data drawn from copula models also yield smooth power curves in dissimilarity-based settings. Our proposed analysis pathway provides new opportunities to combine model-based approaches with dissimilarity-based methods to enhance understanding of ecological systems. We demonstrate implementation of the pathway through an ecological example, where associations among fish species were found to increase after the establishment of a marine reserve.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from Yellow Sea, China, with a key to the species of the genus Hysterothylacium
FIGURE 1. Hysterothylacium sinense sp. nov. A, cephalic end of male, dorsal view; B, cephalic end of male, ventral view; C, vulval region; D, egg; E, anterior part of body of male, ventral view; F, posterior region of male, lateral view; G, caudal region of male, lateral view; H, tip of male tail; I, tail region of female, lateral view; J, tip of female tail; Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from Yellow Sea, China, with a key to the species of the genus Hysterothylacium
FIGURE 2. Hysterothylacium sinense sp. nov. A, cephalic extremity, lateral view; B, cephalic extremity, apical view; C, dorsal lip; D, sub-ventral lip; E, anterior end of male, lateral view; F, posterior region of male; G, tip of male tail; H, posterior region of female, lateral view; I, tip of female tail; J, paranal region of male; K, preanal papillae; i, interlabium; d, double papillae; s, single papillae; am, amphid; pp, paracloacal papillae; sp, spicules.
FIGURE 6 in Redescription of three species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from the Yellow Sea, China, with the synonymy of Hysterothylacium muraenesoxin (Luo, 1999)
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Hysterothylacium tasmaniense (Johnston & Mawson, 1945). A, cephalic extremity of female, apical view; B, cephalic extremity of female, ventral view C, dorsal lip; D, subventral lip; E, posterior end of male, lateral view; F, tip of male tail; G. cuticular stransverse striations of anterior part of body; H. I, posterior region of male tail, showing the caudal papillae; i, interlabium; d, double papillae.
FIGURE 5 in Redescription of three species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from the Yellow Sea, China, with the synonymy of Hysterothylacium muraenesoxin (Luo, 1999)
FIGURE 5. Hysterothylacium tasmaniense (Johnston & Mawson, 1945). A, anterior part of body of male, lateral view; B, cephalic end of male, dorsal view; C, cephalic end of female, ventral view; D, posterior end of male, lateral view; E, caudal region of male, lateral view; F, posterior end of female, lateral view; Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 4 in Redescription of three species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from the Yellow Sea, China, with the synonymy of Hysterothylacium muraenesoxin (Luo, 1999)
FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Hysterothylacium fabri (Rudolphi, 1819). A, cephalic end of female, lateral view; B, cephalic extremity, lateral view; C, cephalic extremity, apical view; D, subventral lip; E, dorsal lip; F, posterior end of female, lateral view; G, tip of female tail; a, lateral alae; i, interlabium; d, double papillae; s, single papillae; am, amphid.
FIGURE 3 in Redescription of three species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from the Yellow Sea, China, with the synonymy of Hysterothylacium muraenesoxin (Luo, 1999)
FIGURE 3. Hysterothylacium fabri (Rudolphi, 1819). A, anterior part of female, lateral view; B, cephalic end of female, dorsal view; C, cephalic end of female, lateral view; D, cephalic end of female, ventral view; E, tip of female tail; Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 1 in Redescription of three species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from the Yellow Sea, China, with the synonymy of Hysterothylacium muraenesoxin (Luo, 1999)
FIGURE 1. Hysterothylacium amoyense (Hsü, 1933). A, cephalic end of female, lateral view; B, cephalic end of female, dorsal view; C, posterior end of male, lateral view; D, anterior part of male, ventral view; E, posterior end of male, lateral view; F, posterior end of female, lateral view; Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 2 in Redescription of three species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes from the Yellow Sea, China, with the synonymy of Hysterothylacium muraenesoxin (Luo, 1999)
FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Hysterothylacium amoyense (Hsü, 1933). A, B, cephalic extremity of male, apical view; C, cephalic extremity of male, lateral view; D, dorsal lip; E, subventral lip; F, posterior end of male; G, postcloacal papillae; H, tip of female tail; I, tip of male tail; J, paracloacal papillae (arrows); K, posterior end of female, lateral view; L, anterior end of male, lateral view; i, interlabium; d, double papillae; s, single papillae; pd, postcloacal double papillae.
FIGURE 1. Rhipidocotyle danai n in Bucephalids (Digenea: Bucephalidae) from marine fishes off the south-western coast of Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species of Rhipidocotyle and comments on the marine fish digenean fauna of Indonesia
FIGURE 1. Rhipidocotyle danai n. sp. Ventral view of holotype, uterus in outline. Scale-bar = 500μm.
FIGURE 4. Rhipidocotyle jayai n in Bucephalids (Digenea: Bucephalidae) from marine fishes off the south-western coast of Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species of Rhipidocotyle and comments on the marine fish digenean fauna of Indonesia
FIGURE 4. Rhipidocotyle jayai n. sp. Ventral view of specimen with withdrawn anterior portion. Scale-bar = 500μm.
FIGURE 3. Rhipidocotyle jayai n in Bucephalids (Digenea: Bucephalidae) from marine fishes off the south-western coast of Java, Indonesia, including the description of two new species of Rhipidocotyle and comments on the marine fish digenean fauna of Indonesia
FIGURE 3. Rhipidocotyle jayai n. sp. Ventral view of holotype, uterus in outline. Scale-bar = 500μm.
FIGURE 3 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)
FIGURE 3. Lower part of left side first branchial arch and hyoid arch in dorsal view showing degree of development of gill membrane (white) in: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis, same specimen as in Fig. 1; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, same specimen as in Fig. 1. Abbreviations: ACH, anterior ceratohyal; CB1, ceratobranchial 1; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; GM, gill membrane; HB1, hypobranchial 1; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Gill rakers not illustrated. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)
FIGURE 1. Ventral view of right ceratobranchial 5 of: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis (Günther), AMS I.27275, 42 mm SL; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, AMS I.41350-001, 51.8 mm SL; C) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela, AMS I.18241-035, 27.1 mm SL; D) the gobiine gobiid Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas), AMS uncat., 41 mm SL. Arrow in D points to ventral process; scale bars = 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.