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Figure 3 in The genus Pheggomisetes Knirsch, 1923 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) in Serbia: taxonomy, morphology and molecular phylogeny

Figure 3. Shape of the shoulders in the Pheggomisetes subspecies analysed. A, P. serbicus serbicus subsp. nov. B, P. globiceps ciniglavcensis subsp. nov. C, P. globiceps ilandjievi. D, P. serbicus belensis subsp. nov. E, P. globiceps ninae comb. & stat. nov. F, P. globiceps globiceps. Scales = 0.5 mm.

Figure 7 in The genus Pheggomisetes Knirsch, 1923 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) in Serbia: taxonomy, morphology and molecular phylogeny

Figure 7. Pheggomisetes globiceps ciniglavcensis subsp. nov. from the Propas Pit, village of Činiglavci (near Pirot), Stara Planina Mts., Southeast Serbia. Bright-field (A–D) and TPEF (E–H) microscopy images. A, E, holotype male, aedeagus (lateral view). B, F, holotype male, aedeagus (dorsal view). C, G, holotype male, abdominal sternite IX (urite). D, H, paratype female, gonocoxites IX and gonosubcoxites IX. Scales = 0.1 mm.

Figure 1 in The genus Pheggomisetes Knirsch, 1923 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) in Serbia: taxonomy, morphology and molecular phylogeny

Figure 1. Pheggomisetes serbicus sp. nov. from the Pež Dupka Cave, village of Dojkinci (near Pirot), Stara Planina Mts., Southeast Serbia. Holotype male, habitus (dorsal view). Scale = 5.0 mm.

Figure 2 in The genus Pheggomisetes Knirsch, 1923 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) in Serbia: taxonomy, morphology and molecular phylogeny

Figure 2. Pheggomisetes serbicus sp. nov. from the Pež Dupka Cave, village of Dojkinci (near Pirot), Stara Planina Mts., Southeast Serbia. Bright-field (A–D) and TPEF (E–H) microscopy images. A, E, holotype male, aedeagus (lateral view). B, F, holotype male, aedeagus (dorsal view). C, G, holotype male, abdominal sternite IX (urite). D, H, paratype female, gonocoxites IX and gonosubcoxites IX. Scales = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Limnodrilus claparedianus Ratzel, 1868. A, B in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China

FIGURE 8. Limnodrilus claparedianus Ratzel, 1868. A, B. Dorsal chaetae in III and IV, respectively. C, D. Penis sheaths. Scale bars: A, B 10μm; C, D 70μm.

FIGURE 5. Limnodrilus paraclaparedianus n in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China

FIGURE 5. Limnodrilus paraclaparedianus n. sp., chitinous structures. A–D. Ventral chaetae in II, III, IV and V. E. Penis sheath.

FIGURE 3 in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China

FIGURE 3. Bayesian Inference tree of Limnodrilus spp. based on the ITS2 gene fragments. BI posterior probabilities> 0.60 are indicated.

FIGURE 4 in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China

FIGURE 4. SEM micrographs of Limnodrilus paraclaparedianus n. sp. A. Anterior end of worm, ventral view; B. Spermathecal pores; C, D. Ventral chaetae in II and VIII; E, F. Dorsal chaetae in III and IV. Scale bars: A-B: 100 µm; C-F: 10 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China

FIGURE 2. Bayesian Inference tree of Limnodrilus spp. based on the 16S gene fragments. BI posterior probabilities> 0.60 are indicated.

FIGURE 1 in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China

FIGURE 1. Bayesian Inference tree of Limnodrilus spp. based on the COI gene fragments. BI posterior probabilities> 0.60 are indicated.

Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy: molecular phylogenetics of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) and revisited morphology of Yaethauma and Collartomyia (Diptera: Chironomidae) reveals synonymy and supports new classification

Figure 4. Polypedilum (Collartomyia) longiligulatum. Pupa. A, frontal apotome; B, thorax; C, thorax horn; D, abdomen; E, caudolateral comb of segment VIII. (Scale bars. A, E, 100 µm; B, 400 µm; C, 20 µm; D, 200 µm.)

Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy: molecular phylogenetics of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) and revisited morphology of Yaethauma and Collartomyia (Diptera: Chironomidae) reveals synonymy and supports new classification

Figure 3. Polypedilum (Collartomyia) longiligulatum. Colour images. Male. A, habitus, dorsal; B, hypopygium, dorsal view (Gc bulb, gonocoxite bulb; Gs, gonostylus); C, habitus, lateral. Pupa: D, habitus, dorsal; E, cephalothorax, lateral; F, thoracic horn, lateral. (Scale bars: A, C, D, E 400 µm; B, F,100 µm.)

Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy: molecular phylogenetics of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) and revisited morphology of Yaethauma and Collartomyia (Diptera: Chironomidae) reveals synonymy and supports new classification

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree from Bayesian inference for selected Polypedilum and relatives (see Table 1) based on six concatenated gene markers. Posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support (BS from ML analysis) are indicated above branches, only nodes with PP> 0.95 or BS> 75 are labelled.

Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy: molecular phylogenetics of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) and revisited morphology of Yaethauma and Collartomyia (Diptera: Chironomidae) reveals synonymy and supports new classification

Figure 2. Parsimony analysis for selected subgenera and species groups of Polypedilum Kieffer, related genera and Phaenopsectra Kieffer as outgroup under implied weighting. Numbers above branch Bremer values, with unlabeled branches unstable (0/1) between analyses, below line Bootstrap values of> 51. For analysis settings, see text.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

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Molecular data of Sphagnum majus ssp. majus and ssp. norvegicum (Bryophyta: Sphagnaceae) relative to taxonomy and geography

Species delimitation is problematic in many plant groups and among the mosses, Sphagnum is one of the more contentious genera because of high levels of morphological variation. The allopolyploid species, Sphagnum majus, comprises one such problematic complex. Two morphologically differentiated but overlapping subspecies have been described. We conducted morphometric and molecular analyses with samples from around the Northern Hemisphere to test for phenotypic and phylogenetic differentiation between the subspecies. Although field collections of the two species can be statistically differentiated morphologically, there is substantial overlap. Genome-scale molecular data do not suggest any differentiation between S. majus ssp. majus and ssp. norvegicum, including samples assigned to the two taxa from sympatric sites. Sequence data from the plastid genome were employed to infer parentage of allopolyploid S. majus. Our results support the hypothesis that S. annulatum is the paternal parent and S. cuspidatum is the maternal parent. We conclude that the morphological differences between them are either plastic responses to habitat heterogeneity or segregating genetic variation within a single taxon. Formal taxonomic recognition of two taxa is not supported by our molecular data.

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Revised taxonomy of the Arctotis Annual Clade (Arctotideae, Asteraceae) from Southern Africa: integration of molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence

Previous phylogenetic analysis of ITS nrDNA sequence data for Arctotidinae species resolved a highly supported clade containing all but one of the showy annual Arctotis species (informally designated the 'Arctotis Annual Clade'). In the present study, phylogenetic relationships in the Arctotis Annual Clade were investigated by Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses of cpDNA (trnT-trnL-trnF and trnH-psbA) and nrDNA (ITS) sequence data. The cpDNA and nrDNA phylogenies were notably incongruent. Arctotis venusta and a putative unnamed species ('sp. B') were highly supported as monophyletic by both datasets. The monophyly of A. leiocarpa was strongly supported by the ITS dataset, whereas the remaining accessions formed a poorly resolved complex (the 'A. fastuosa complex'). Within the A. fastuosa complex, A. hirsuta was monophyletic with high support in the ITS phylogeny. A statistical parsimony-derived cpDNA haplotype network resolved five broad groups of haplotypes and showed no consistent geographical structure, but species-specific haplotype lineages for A. venusta and sp. B were resolved. Arctotis fastuosa accessions were distributed among four haplotype groups. Incongruence between the datasets and poor resolution within the A. fastuosa complex may reflect reticulate evolution, ancestral polymorphism, and incomplete lineage sorting, in tandem with the low information content of the datasets. The greatest phenotypic diversification in the clade is in cypsela morphology. Comparison of cypsela morphology with the phylogenies suggests a general trend for reduction in the sizes of the cypsela, abaxial wings, and pappus scales, and loss of pubescence during diversification. A revised taxonomy, integrating currently available evidence, accompanied by full descriptive accounts and a key to the taxa are presented. Eight species are recognized, including the nomenclatural novelties Arctotis chrysantha (sp. nov.) and Arctotis namibiensis (sp. nov.). The names Arctotis karasmontana, Venidium fugax, and Venidium macrocephalum are lectotypified.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Figure 1 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree based on the 18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and 28S rRNA gene, showing relationships among ciliates isolated from the digestive tract of panesthiine cockroaches. All tree-building methods resulted in very similar topologies. The single exception is the Anteclevelandella constricta cluster, where the IQTree topology differs from that of both Bayesian trees (shown in the box). Bootstrap values for the maximum likelihood conducted in IQTrees and posterior probabilities for Bayesian inferences conducted in MrBayes and Phycas are listed at corresponding nodes of the best scoring IQTree. Specimen codes and further details are listed in Table 1. The scale bar denotes two substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.

Figure 4 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 4. Consensus secondary structure of the ITS2 molecule of 54 members of the order Clevelandellida isolated from the digestive tract of cockroaches. Note that the central loop radiates four highly conserved helices. The structure logo of helices is shown on the right side. The height of a base is proportional to its frequency in the multiple sequence alignment.

Figure 3 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 3. MDS diagrams (A, C, E) and TCS networks (B, D, F) based on 18S rRNA gene (A, B), ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region (C, D) and 28S rRNA gene (E, F) sequences of the family Clevelandellidae. The MDS diagrams show the distribution of specimens in the genotype space. Species belonging to the same genus form a cluster distinctly isolated from other such clusters. The TCS networks reflect the most parsimonious relationships among species given the individual markers. Numbers along edges indicate mutational steps between adjacent nodes. Species belonging to the same genus are marked by the same colour code.

Figure 7 in DNA barcoding and coalescent-based delimitation of endosymbiotic clevelandellid ciliates (Ciliophora: Clevelandellida): a shift to molecular taxonomy in the inventory of ciliate diversity in panesthiine cockroaches

Figure 7. Putative secondary structure models of the highly divergent helix c3-1 in the D2 domain of the 28S rRNA molecule of 17 species of the order Clevelandellida isolated from the digestive tract of cockroaches. Arrowheads denote the molecular diagnostic characters.