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Fig. 4 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 4. Prionopetalum asperginis sp. nov., paratype from Kihansi, "forest site", right gonopod telopodite. A. Anterior and slightly mesal view. B. Posterior view. C. Basal view. D. Apical view. E. Apical-mesal view. F. Mesal and slightly posterior view. Abbreviations: ba = basomere; pts = post-torsal spine (broken); pxl = proximal lobe of telomere; ra = rough area of telomere; slm = solenomere; tdp = distal process of telomere; tpp = proximal process of telomere. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 2. Body size (body diameter / number of podous rings) of ♂♂ of Prionopetalum spp. Based on original measurements and data from the literature (see Table 1). For "other spp." the entries are median values of the intervals in Table 1.The report of "93 (1) Rumpfringen" (corresponding to 92 podous rings) for P. tanganjikum by Verhoeff (1941) has been omitted, as has Chamberlin's (1927) "nearly fourtythree" segments for P. clarum; both are regarded as quite unlikely and are probably erroneous.

Fig. 9 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 9. Prionopetalum spp., outlines of distal part of gonopod coxa. The species appear in the sequence in which they key out in the identification key. A. P. megalacanthum (after a specimen in NHMW). B. P. frundsbergi (based on Kraus 1960). C. P. bifidum (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). D. P. tricuspis (based on Brolemann 1920). E. P. aculeatum (based on Kraus 1960). F. P. ndelei (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). G. P. serratum (based on Kraus 1960). H. P. dentigerum (based on Kraus 1960). I. P. tanganjikum (based on Kraus 1960). J. P. xerophilum (based on Kraus 1960). K. P. clarum (based on Kraus 1960). L. P. pulchellum (based on Kraus 1960). M. P. etiennei (based on Demange 1982). N. P. lindi (based on VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009). O. P. coronatum (based on Kraus 1958). P. P. exaratum (based on Kraus 1960). Q. P. cornutum (based on Kraus 1960). R. P. kraepelini (orig.). S. P. glomeratum (based on Attems 1935). T. P. urbicolum (based on Kraus 1960). U. P. suave (based on Kraus 1960). V. P. fryeri (based on Kraus 1960). W. P. asperginis sp. nov. (orig). Not to scale.

Fig. 1 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 1. Map of the Udzungwa Mountains, showing the collecting localities for Prionopetalum asperginis sp. nov. (yellow dot) at the southern extremity of the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve and for P. kraepelini (Attems, 1896) (red diamond) at the eastern edge of the Mwanihana Forest Reserve. Based on fig. 1 in Marshall et al. (2010).

Fig. 7 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 7. Aquattuor fasciatus (Attems, 1896) comb. nov., specimen from Zanzibar, Kirimkazi. A. Limbus. B–C. Left gonopod. B. Anterior view. C. Posterior view. D–F. Left telomere. D. Tip, basal-anterior view. E. Subdistal part, posterior view (bold arrow points to a microserrate lobe on the margin). F. Tip, apical-posterior view. Abbreviations: mbl = mesobasal lobe of coxal palette; pa = apical palette of coxa. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D–F = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 3 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 3. Prionopetalum asperginis sp. nov., paratype from Kihansi, "forest site". A–B. Hind end. A. Lateral view. B. Posterior view. C. Limbus. D–F. Right gonopod coxa. D. Anterior view (light blue: mounting tape). E. Mesal view. F. Posterior view. G. Transverse section of right gonopod basomere (circle: bundle of tracheae). H. Cluster of tracheae next to internal canal. Abbreviations: amp = anterior metaplical process; eg = efferent groove; ic = internal canal; mlf = metaplical longitudinal flange; mml = metaplical mesad lobe; mmp = distomesal metaplical process; mof = metaplical oblique/horizontal flange; prl = proplical lobe. Scale bars: A, B, D–F = 0.1 mm; C, H = 0.001 mm; G = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 8 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 8. Aquattuor fasciatus (Attems, 1896) comb. nov., syntype of Odontopyge fasciata (NHMW 2672). A. Gonopods, anterior view. B. Left gonopod, posterior view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photographs: N. Akkari.

Fig. 6 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 6. Prionopetalum kraepelini (Attems, 1896), specimen from Mang'ula, 339 m asl. Gonopod telopodite. A, C–D, F. Right gonopod telopodite. A. Posterior view. C. Apical (ventral) view. D. Anterior view. F. Telomere distal process. B. Tip of left solenomere. E. Left gonopod, (posterior-) mesal view. Abbreviations: pts = post-torsal spine; pxl = proximal lobe of telomere; slm = solenomere; tdp = telomeral distal process; tpp = telomeral proximal process. Scale bars: A, C–D, E = 0.1 mm; B, F = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 5 in A mountain of millipedes IV: Species of Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. With notes on "P." fasciatum (Attems, 1896) and a revised species key (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 5. Prionopetalum kraepelini (Attems, 1896), specimen from Mang'ula, 339 m asl. A–C. Right gonopod coxa. A. Anterior view. B. Anterior-mesal view. C. Mesal view. D–E. Left gonopod. D. Posterior view. E. Anterior-mesal view. F. Midbody-dorsal limbus. G. Row of intercalary microscutes with knobs, from midbody metazona. Abbreviations: amp = anterior metaplical process; lt = lateral coxal tubercle; mlf = metaplical longitudinal flange; mmp = distomesal metaplical process; mof = metaplical oblique/horizontal flange; prl = proplical lobe. Scale bars: A–E = 0.1 mm; F–G = 0.001 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2017View details →

Mountain landscape connectivity and subspecies appurtenance shape genetic differentiation in natural plant populations of the snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.)

This dataset provides the raw data for the population genetic analyses for the article: "Mountain landscape connectivity and subspecies appurtenance shape genetic differentiation in natural plant populations of the snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.)" by Benoit Pujol; Juliette Archambeau; Aurore Bontemps; Mylène Lascoste; Sara Marin; and Alexandre Meunier found in the journal "Botany Letters", Vol 164 pp. 111-119 (DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2017.1310056). Link to journal open access article: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23818107.2017.1310056 Link to Zenodo article reporsitory: https://zenodo.org/record/801169 The datafile includes three data sheets: Data, which contains for each plant : the name of the population, the name of the sampled individual, the subspecies, the latitude of the population, the longitude of the population, the altitudinal elevation of the population in meters, and the microsatellite genotype of each plant. Genotype data is recorded by locus (two columns for the two alleles at one locus). Locus name is found as the title of the column. The record for each allele is its allele size. valleys 1 and valleys 2, which contains the association between populations and valleys following the two scenarios that we analyzed in the paper. Microsatelite loci were developed during previous work: see the following paper for more details: Debout, G., E. Lhuillier, P.-J. Malé, B. Pujol, and C. Thébaud. 2012. Development and characterization of 24 polymorphic microsatellite loci in two Antirrhinum majus subspecies (Plantaginaceae) using pyrosequencing technology. Conservation Genetics Resources 4:75-79.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Global MVL loss map-induced by human expansions and natural disasters; Global mountain-PAs; Global AHRTMS

(1) Global MVL loss map-induced by human expansions and natural disasters Global MVL loss map: a global mountain vegetated landscapes (MVL) loss map (during 2000-2020) at 30-m resolution was developed using global datasets on mountain boundaries, human land use, natural disasters together with Landsat imageries-derived NDVI. This map includes seven drivers that cause MVL loss (i.e. human expansions and natural disasters). The losses of MVL caused by human expansions include (i) human settlement growth, (ii) agriculture expansion, and (iii) mining. The losses of MVL caused by natural disasters (i.e. a net loss after deducting restored areas in disaster areas) include (vi) wildfires, (v) floods, (vi) landslides, and (xii) droughts. The data was stored in Global MVL loss map.gdb and can be opened through mxd file in ArcGIS software. (2) Global mountain-PAs;  Global mountain PAs: the mountain-protected areas (PAs) was mapped using World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA) and GMBA mountain boundaries (<a name="OLE_LINK1"></a>v2.0 standard). The data was stored in Global mountain-PAs.gdb and can be opened through ArcGIS software. (3) Global AHRTMS Global AHRTMS: the areas with high richness of threatened mountain-occurring species (AHRTMS) was produced with IUCN Red List threatened species (including mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds and plants) and GMBA mountain boundaries (v2.0 standard). The data was stored in Global AHRTMS.gdb and can be opened through ArcGIS software. A manuscript related to above data analysis has submitted to a journal.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

StageIV-IRC – A High-resolution Dataset of Extreme Orographic Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) Constrained to Water Budget Closure for Historical Floods in the Appalachian Mountains

<h2>Quantitative Flood Estimation (QFE) in complex terrain remains a grand challenge in operational hydrology due to the lack of accurate high-resolution Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) at spatial and temporal resolutions needed to capture the variability of orographic precipitation, and where radar-based QPE are available there are significant biases due to the geometry and constraints of radar operations.  Here, we present a high-resolution (i.e. 250m, 5minute-hourly) QPE dataset for the most extreme (flood-producing) events from 2008 to 2024 for 26 gauged basins (in total 215 events) in the Appalachian mountains constrained to meet basin-scale water budget closure through inverse rainfall-runoff modeling to correct the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Stage IV analysis (4km resolution, hourly) using a fully-distributed uncalibrated hydrological model that leverages recent advances in hydrologic modeling in mountainous regions (e.g. improved river routing and initial soil moisture estimation) (Liao and Barros, 2024a and 2024b). The corrected Stage IV analysis is referred to as StageIV-IRC (Inverse Rainfall Correction).  Previously, a subset of this dataset informed the construction of a generalized QPE error model (Liao and Barros, 2023), supporting the development of water budget closure constrained QPE and providing physics insights into orographic QPE uncertainties for various radar-based products at high resolution in complex terrain. The unique advantage of the StageIV-IRC QPE is that it achieves water budget closure at the storm-flood event scale within observational uncertainty of streamflow observations, that is the golden standard in hydrological modeling.  The QPE dataset is publicly available at:  <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14028867">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14028867</a></h2>

Fig. 46 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 46. Distribution records of the species: P. longlingensis sp. nov. (▲), P. montanus (Żabka, 1981) (•) and P. rectangulus sp. nov. (▇).

Fig. 44 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 44. Distribution records of the species: P. geminus sp. nov. (▲), P. jietouensis sp. nov. (•) and P. tengchongensis sp. nov. (▇).

Fig. 42 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 42. Distribution records of the species: P. circulus sp. nov. (▲), P. danzhu sp. nov. (•) and P. longapophysis (▇).

Fig. 39 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 39. Ptocasius zonatus sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (HNU-00–GD–3A). A. Body, dorsal view. B. Epigynum, ventral view. C. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–C = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 45 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 45. Distribution records of the species: P. umbellulatus sp. nov. (•) and P. zonatus sp. nov. (▲).

Fig. 35 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 35. Ptocasius umbellulatus sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (HNU-00–QF–9A). A. Epigynum, ventral view. B. Vulva, dorsal view. C. Chelicerae, posterior view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 33 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 33. Ptocasius tengchongensis sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, ♂ (HNU-98–OP–2A). D–E. Paratype, ♀ (HNU-98–OP–2P). A. Palp, ventral view. B. Palp, retrolateral view. C. Chelicerae, posterior view. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 34 in A review of the Ptocasius Simon, 1885 spiders of Gaoligong Mountains, China (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig. 34. Ptocasius umbellulatus sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (HNU-00–QF–9A). A. Body, dorsal view. B. Epigynum, ventral view. C. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–C = 0.1 mm.