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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Occurrence records for Craterostigmus tasmanianus Pocock, 1902

The centipedes Craterostigmus tasmanianus Pocock, 1902 and C. crabilli Edgecombe and Giribet, 2008 are the only known species in the order Craterostigmomorpha. C. tasmanianus occurs only in Tasmania (Australia), while C. crabilli occurs in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. C. tasmanianus is widespread in Tasmania and is found in forest and woodland from sea level to at least 1300 m elevation, and in areas with average annual rainfall from 600 to 2500+ mm. It requires moist microhabitats, and in the drier parts of its range it is restricted to riparian forest and scrub and on south-facing hillslopes. It can be locally abundant in rainforest, in mid-elevation wet eucalypt forest, and in high-elevation eucalypt woodland on Tasmania's Central Plateau. For more information on the habits and life history of C. tasmanianus, see Mesibov (1995) (<a href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57364741">https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57364741</a>). In the table "Craterostigmus_tasmanianus_records.txt" I list C. tasmanianus occurrence records in Darwin Core format. Data for my own collecting events are from an authority file (<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/6618279">https://zenodo.org/record/6618279</a>). I excluded three uncertain records: (1) Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery (Launceston, Tasmania, Australia), QVM:23:25118 (1 specimen). The only locality information on the specimen label is "Site 4, no. 3 pit" (2) Specimens collected on Mt Wellington by Vernon Hickman  (University of Tasmania) and studied by Sidnie Manton (University of Cambridge). Manton thanked "Professor V. V. Hickman for his indefatigable efforts in climbing Mount Wellington, Tasmania, and collecting and packing Craterostigmus tasmanianus for me on a number of occasions, and for the information he has sent me about this animal" (p. 359 in Manton SM (1965) The evolution of arthropodan locomotory mechanisms. Part 8. Functional requirements and body design in Chilopoda, together with a comparative account of their skeleto-muscular systems and an Appendix on a comparison between burrowing forces of annelids and chilopods and its bearing upon the evolution of the arthropodan haemocoel. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 46(306-307):251-483; pls 1-7.) Parts of two Hickman specimens of C. tasmanianus, embedded in paraffin, were sent by Manton to Carol Prunescu for anatomical studies (<a href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58835329">https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58835329</a>). (3) A specimen in the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNHINS 0000 096 000) is said to have been collected by John Kethley "40 km SW of Smithton" on 4 March 1977, field number FMHD#77-190. The date and location are highly unlikely. I assisted Kethley with his collections in northwest Tasmania and on 5 (not 4) March 1977 we sampled  along the Savage River Pipeline Road, ca 40 km southeast of Smithton. The Field Museum specimen is likely to be from rainforest at the 22-mile peg on the pipeline road, and is probably a partner to the record for Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery J2340. Note that there are duplicate occurrence records in the table if a single collection of specimens was split between institutions or researchers. As of 15 June 2022, there were 345 occurrence records in the table with a unique combination of eventDate, decimal Latitude and decimalLongitude. In the associatedReferences field I have tried to link specimen lots with research articles. In the case of research articles based on sequences, tracing the links between sequences and specimens was made difficult by incomplete documentation. For this reason there is no associatedSequences field in the table, and I am not confident that I have included relevant references for all records. For help in preparing the records table I am very grateful to Adam Baldinger (Museum of Comparative Zoology) Andrew Crowden (Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania) Wolfgang Dohle (Berlin, Germany) Greg Edgecombe (Natural History Museum, UK) Henrik Enghoff (Natural History Museum of Denmark) Gero Hilken (Universität Duisberg-Essen) Eszter Lazanyi (Hungarian Natural History Museum) Megan McCuller (North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences) Catriona McPhee (Museums Victoria) Kirrily Moore (Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery) Carsten Müller (Universität Greifswald) Hilke Ruhberg (Universität Hamburg) Arkady Schileyko (Zoological Museum of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University) Helen Smith (Australian Museum) Jörg Spelda (Petershausen, Germany) Eivind Undheim (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Julianne Waldock (Western Australian Museum) Version 2 of the table adds an associated reference to cratas-202.

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Environmental controls on butterfly occurrence and species richness in Israel: The importance of temperature over rainfall

Aim Butterflies are considered important indicators representing the state of biodiversity and key ecosystem functions, but their use as bioindicators requires better understanding of how their observed response link to environmental factors. Moreover, better understanding how butterfly faunas vary with climate and land cover may be useful to estimate the potential impacts of various drivers, including climate change, botanical succession, grazing, and afforestation. It is particularly important to establish which species of butterflies are sensitive to each environmental driver. Location Israel, including the West Bank and Golan Heights. Methods To develop a robust and systematic approach for identifying how butterfly faunas vary with the environment, we analysed the occurrence of 73 species and the abundance of 24 species from Israeli Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (BMS-IL) data. We used Regional Generalised Additive Models to quantify butterfly abundance, and generalised linear latent variable models and generalised linear models to quantify the impact of temperature, rainfall, soil type, and habitat on individual species and on the species community. Results Species richness was higher along cooler transects, and also for hilly and mountainous transects in the Mediterranean region (rendzina and Terra Rossa soils) compared with the coastal plain (Hamra soil) and semi-arid northern Jordan Vale (loessial serozem soil). Species occurrence was better explained by temperature (negative correlation) than precipitation, while for abundance the opposite pattern was found. Soil type and habitat were insignificant drivers of occurrence and abundance. Conclusions Butterfly faunas responded very strongly to temperature, even when accounting for other environmental factors. We expect that some butterfly species will disappear from marginal sites with global warming, and a large proportion will become rarer as the region becomes increasingly arid.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

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Plant‐eating carnivores: Multispecies analysis on factors influencing the frequency of plant occurrence in obligate carnivores

Plant-eating behavior is one of the greatest mysteries in obligate carnivores. Despite unsuitable morphological and physiological traits for plant consumption, the presence of plants in scat or stomach contents has been reported in various carnivorous species. However, researchers' interpretations of this subject are varied, and knowledge about it is scarce, without any multispecies studies. This study assessed the extent of variation in the frequency of plant occurrence in scat and stomach contents, as well as its relationship with various factors in 24 felid species using data from 213 published articles. Since the frequency of plant occurrence has not always been reported, we created two-part models and estimated parameters in a Bayesian framework. We found a significant negative relationship between the frequency of plant occurrence and body mass. This may be because plant-eating behavior reduces the energy loss caused by parasites and increases the efficiency of energy intake, which has a greater importance in smaller animals that have relatively high metabolic rates. This exploratory study highlights the importance of considering plant consumption in dietary studies on carnivorous species to understand the adaptive significance of this behavior and the relationship between obligate carnivores and plants.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Mammal occurrence records (2015-18) in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India

This dataset contains Mammal occurrence records (2015-18) in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. It includes a few occurrence records of other chordates. Occurrence records were gathered in the field by researchers of the Nature Conservation Foundation, India, using a mobile data collection application. Suggested citation is: Nature Conservation Foundation (2022). Mammal occurrence records (2015-18) in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Nature Conservation Foundation, India. Dataset, Zenodo. DOI:   CONTACT #1 1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601 4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953 CONTACT #2 1. Name: Divya Mudappa 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601 4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826 Keywords: tropical rainforest, plantations, Anamalai Hills, animal distribution,   Geographic Coverage: 1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India 2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E) Temporal Coverage: 1. Begins: 2015-01-01 (Year, Month, Day) 2. Ends: 2018-10-31 (Year, Month, Day) Besides this 000_README.txt file, the dataset includes 326 images (photographs) and three comma-delimited text (csv) files as explained below: <ol> <li>001_valparai_mammals.csv -- raw data file from the mobile app (columns are self-explanatory)</li> <li>002_valparai_mammals.csv  -- raw data file of linked images from the mobile app (columns are self-explanatory)</li> <li>003_mammal_occurrence_zenodo_2015-18.csv -- curated and compiled dataset with the following columns:</li> </ol> <ul> <li>observation_id: unique id given to a record (corresponds to fulcrum_id in raw data set) observation</li> <li>latitude: latitude in decimal degrees N (WGS 84 datum)</li> <li>longitude: longitude in decimal degrees E (WGS 84 datum)</li> <li>date_: date of observation</li> <li>time: time of observation</li> <li>place: locality name</li> <li>type_of_observation: type of observation indicating whether it was sighting, sign (based on Vocalisation/call, track/pugmark, scat/dung), death, electrocution, roadkill</li> <li>notes: general notes and remarks including number of individuals where available</li> <li>photo: reference id of corresponding photograph (as in the jpg filename)</li> <li>gps_altitude: altitude in metres estimated by the phone GPS</li> <li>gps_horizontal_accuracy: horizontal accuracy in metres estimated by the phone GPS (set at 500 m in a few cases where GPS location was assigned based on locality name)</li> <li>verbatimIdentification: taxon name as noted originally</li> <li>scientificName: scientific name (or Family in a few cases)</li> <li>vernacularName: common or English name</li> <li>recordedBy: names of observers (separated by | )</li> <li>georeferenceRemarks: remarks on georeference</li> <li>occurrenceID: unique occurrence ID assigned to each taxon (recorded under an observation_id)</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

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U.S. freshwater mussel occurrence data

Natural history collections are uniquely positioned to chronicle biodiversity changes across time and space and are a fundamental data source in taxon-based research and conservation. With over 90 species listed under the Endangered Species Act, freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled animal assemblages in the United States and are the focus of considerable conservation efforts. Unfortunately, natural history collections data are often underleveraged in taxon-based conservation efforts because much of the data are decentralized and nonstandard, and thus, difficult to access and analyze. Our objective herein is to synthesize, standardize, and enrich digitized US freshwater mussel collections data to better suit the needs of conservation stakeholders. We aggregated specimen records from 45 US natural history collections and enriched these records by programmatically standardizing taxonomic information, flagging potentially problematic records, and joining records with freshwater-specific spatial frameworks and their associated hydrological metadata. The assembled dataset includes 408,770 records from 302 species and 1,540 hydrological units (8 digit-level). Using these enriched records, we estimated ecological attributes for over 280 freshwater mussel species including aspects of range size and hydrological preferences. Listed species had significantly fewer occurrences, smaller area of occupancy, and experienced greater declines in area of occupancy in comparison to non-listed species. Listed species also had a higher stream order preference and discharge preference than non-listed species. The synthesized, standardized, and enriched natural history collections data and our novel ecological estimates have revealed and corroborated important insights into freshwater mussel diversity, distribution, and decline. Stakeholders can access this data via download or interactively at the companion web app, MusselMapR (<a href="https://musselmapr.shinyapps.io/hic_sunt_naiades/">https://musselmapr.shinyapps.io/hic_sunt_naiades/</a>).

Figs 2–4 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)

Figs 2–4. Sampled habitat types: 2 = natural habitat in forest Las Pilczycki (locality no 2); 3 = semi-natural habitat with watercourse, the Dolna Oława in Park Wschodni (locality no

Fig. 1 in Occurrence And Abundance Of Invasive And Native Arion Slugs In Three Types Of Habitats In Urban Area Of Wrocław (Sw Poland)

Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites in Wrocław (see Table 1) and map of administrative division of Poland. Symbols indicate the type of habitat. Colours indicate species and hybrids

Text-fig. 3. Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene/Miocene Sciadopityspollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–f: cf. Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Vilui basin (Siberia), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with leptoma, c – detail SEM of leptoma? and echinate verrucae, d – LM image equatorial view, e – SEM of distal polar view, f – SEM detailed view of verrucate, echinate perforate sexine sculpturing; g–i: Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Bayerhof Maar (Germany), g – LM image of proximal polar side, h – SEM overview of distal polar side, i – SEM detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sculpturing. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time

Text-fig. 3. Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene/Miocene Sciadopityspollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–f: cf. Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Vilui basin (Siberia), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with leptoma, c – detail SEM of leptoma? and echinate verrucae, d – LM image equatorial view, e – SEM of distal polar view, f – SEM detailed view of verrucate, echinate perforate sexine sculpturing; g–i: Sciadopityspollenites serratus from Bayerhof Maar (Germany), g – LM image of proximal polar side, h – SEM overview of distal polar side, i – SEM detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sculpturing.

Text-fig. 2. Aptian to Albian Cerebropollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–c: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from St. Pölten (Austria), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with visible, less sculptured leptoma, c – detail of echinate verrucae; d–f: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from Khovil basin (Mongolia), d – LM image polar view with well visible thin-walled leptoma, e – SEM of proximal polar view with faintly sculptures leptoma, f – SEM detailed view of transition from leptoma to normal sexine sculpturing; g–i: Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus from Khovil basin (Mongolia), g – LM image of oblique equatorial view, h – SEM of oblique equatorial view with concave leptoma, i – SEM detail of the rugulate to verrucate sexine and smaller sculpturing in leptoma area. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time

Text-fig. 2. Aptian to Albian Cerebropollenites taxa, all scale bars in LM and SEM overview images 10 µm, scale bars in SEM detailed images 2 µm. a–c: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from St. Pölten (Austria), a – LM image, equatorial view, b – SEM equatorial overview with visible, less sculptured leptoma, c – detail of echinate verrucae; d–f: Cerebropollenites thiergartii from Khovil basin (Mongolia), d – LM image polar view with well visible thin-walled leptoma, e – SEM of proximal polar view with faintly sculptures leptoma, f – SEM detailed view of transition from leptoma to normal sexine sculpturing; g–i: Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus from Khovil basin (Mongolia), g – LM image of oblique equatorial view, h – SEM of oblique equatorial view with concave leptoma, i – SEM detail of the rugulate to verrucate sexine and smaller sculpturing in leptoma area.

Text-fig. 1. Extant Sciadopitys verticillata pollen. a–c: LM images (scale bars 10 µm), a – polar view, b – equatorial view, c – equatorial view with well visible thinning of proximal leptoma; d–e: SEM overview images (scale bar 10 µm), d – distal polar view, e – oblique equatorial view; f – equatorial view with leptoma at top; g–i: SEM detailed images (scale bars 2 µm), g – detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sexine of distal pol, h – wall break displaying thin nexine and verrucate, echinate sexine, i – ripped open leptoma displaying transition from verrucate sculpturing to nearly psilate state. in The Occurrence Of Pollen Of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. Through Time

Text-fig. 1. Extant Sciadopitys verticillata pollen. a–c: LM images (scale bars 10 µm), a – polar view, b – equatorial view, c – equatorial view with well visible thinning of proximal leptoma; d–e: SEM overview images (scale bar 10 µm), d – distal polar view, e – oblique equatorial view; f – equatorial view with leptoma at top; g–i: SEM detailed images (scale bars 2 µm), g – detail of verrucate, echinate, perforate sexine of distal pol, h – wall break displaying thin nexine and verrucate, echinate sexine, i – ripped open leptoma displaying transition from verrucate sculpturing to nearly psilate state.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013). in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013).

opencc-by-4.0May 2021View details →

Figure 1 in A new species of Amblydromalus Chant & McMurtry (Acari: Phytoseiidae), with notes on occurrence of genus in South America

Figure 1 Amblydromalus amazonicusn. sp., female: A – Dorsal idiosoma; B – Ventral idiosoma; C – Spermatheca; D – Chelicera; E – Genu, tíbia and basitarsus of leg IV. Male: F – Ventrianal shield; G – Spermatodactyl.

Text-fig. 7. Geology of the Muaredzi-Muanza sector of the Cheringoma Plateau showing the location of fossil occurrences. White stars – fossiliferous localities mapped by Pickford (2012, 2013), Black stars – fossil sites mapped by Habermann et al. (2019) and d'Oliveira Coelho et al. (2021) (GPL 12 and GPL 12b correspond to the White Patch sites). TTI – Cheringoma Formation, TTs1 – Mazamba Formation, TTs1a – Palaeopan facies, TTs2 – Inhaminga Formation, Qc – Quaternary sediments. The base map is modified from Google Earth. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique

Text-fig. 7. Geology of the Muaredzi-Muanza sector of the Cheringoma Plateau showing the location of fossil occurrences. White stars – fossiliferous localities mapped by Pickford (2012, 2013), Black stars – fossil sites mapped by Habermann et al. (2019) and d'Oliveira Coelho et al. (2021) (GPL 12 and GPL 12b correspond to the White Patch sites). TTI – Cheringoma Formation, TTs1 – Mazamba Formation, TTs1a – Palaeopan facies, TTs2 – Inhaminga Formation, Qc – Quaternary sediments. The base map is modified from Google Earth.

Fig. 3 in Occurrence of a Skin Parasite Argulus coregoni (Branchiura: Argulidae) on Salmonids in Mountain Streams, Central Japan, with Discussion on Its Longitudinal Distribution and Host Utilization in Rivers

Fig. 3. Mountain streams where the salmonids infected with Argulus coregoni were caught in Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. A, Main stream of the upper Maze River (locality 1 in Fig. 2); B, tributary of the Hida River (locality 2); C, tributary of the Tsukechi River (locality 3); D, tributary of the Yoshida River (locality 4); E, main stream of the Itoshiro River (locality 5); F, tributary of the Itoshiro River (locality 5); G, tributary of the Sho River (locality 6); H, main stream of the Gamada River (locality 7).

Fig. 2 in Occurrence of a Skin Parasite Argulus coregoni (Branchiura: Argulidae) on Salmonids in Mountain Streams, Central Japan, with Discussion on Its Longitudinal Distribution and Host Utilization in Rivers

Fig. 2. Map showing the collection localities of salmonids infect- ed with Argulus coregoni (closed circles 1–7) in rivers of Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. The collection localities of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis, infected with A. coregoni, are also shown (open triangles 8–11). 1, Upper reaches of the Maze River; 2, tributary of the Hida River; 3, tributary of the Tsukechi River; 4, tributary of the Yoshida River; 5, the Itoshiro River; 6, tributary of the Sho River; 7, the Gamada River; 8, middle reaches of the Maze River; 9, middle reaches of the Shira River; 10. middle reaches of the Nagara River; 11, lower reaches of the Nagara River.

Fig. 1 in Occurrence of a Skin Parasite Argulus coregoni (Branchiura: Argulidae) on Salmonids in Mountain Streams, Central Japan, with Discussion on Its Longitudinal Distribution and Host Utilization in Rivers

Fig. 1. Argulus coregoni, male, NSMT-Cr 30777, from a white-spotted char, Salvelinus leucomaenis, from the Gamada River, Gifu Prefecture, ethanol-preserved specimen, A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, two females infecting a white-spotted char (180 mm FL) near the left pectoral fin (from the Maze River); D, one female infecting a red-spotted masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae (103 mm FL), near the base of the dorsal fin (from a tributary of the Hida River); E, one female (left) and one male (right) infecting a masu salmon, O. m. masou (257 mm FL), near the left pectoral fin (from the Itoshiro River); F, one female infecting a hybrid between white-spotted char and masu salmon (165 mm FL) near the dorsal fin (from the Itoshiro River). Arrowheads indicate individuals of A. coregoni. See Fig. 2 for the locations of the rivers. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C–F, 20 mm.

Fig. 4 in Occurrence of a Skin Parasite Argulus coregoni (Branchiura: Argulidae) on Salmonids in Mountain Streams, Central Japan, with Discussion on Its Longitudinal Distribution and Host Utilization in Rivers

Fig. 4. Distribution of 31 specimens of Argulus coregoni (closed circles) on the host's body surface. A total of 32 specimens of A. coregoni were collected, but the attachment site for one individual was not recorded.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Fig. 1. The 80 in Importance of Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia, for the endangered green peafowl: implications of co-occurrence near human use areas

Fig. 1. The 80-point count listening post locations within the core and outer core area of Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary.

Text-fig. 1. Locality map with the approximate extent of Clarkia Lake during Miocene times in what is today northern Idaho, USA. Black dots mark three of the localities yielding the Miocene Clarkia flora; the fossil leaf of Nymphaea sp. described here comes from locality P-33. Other symbols: Dashed lines for county boundaries; a thin dotted line for Idaho State Hwy 3; a triangle for the local peak of Bechtel Butte; and a star for the town of Clarkia. Inset: Location of the map in northern Idaho. Abbreviations: WA – Washington state, OR – Oregon, ID – Idaho, MT – Montana. Map redrawn from Ladderud et al. (2015). in First Water Lily, A Leaf Of Nymphaea Sp., From The Miocene Clarkia Flora, Northern Idaho, Usa: Occurrence, Taphonomic Observations, Floristic Implications

Text-fig. 1. Locality map with the approximate extent of Clarkia Lake during Miocene times in what is today northern Idaho, USA. Black dots mark three of the localities yielding the Miocene Clarkia flora; the fossil leaf of Nymphaea sp. described here comes from locality P-33. Other symbols: Dashed lines for county boundaries; a thin dotted line for Idaho State Hwy 3; a triangle for the local peak of Bechtel Butte; and a star for the town of Clarkia. Inset: Location of the map in northern Idaho. Abbreviations: WA – Washington state, OR – Oregon, ID – Idaho, MT – Montana. Map redrawn from Ladderud et al. (2015).

Text-fig. 2. Nymphaea sp. from the Miocene Clarkia Lake flora, Locality P-33. a: Photograph of the fossil leaf. b: Sketch of leaf showing the salient features of shape, basal lobes and margin, eccentric insertion point of the abaxial petiole, and primary actinodromous venation. Dashed lines represent torn edge of lamina; dotted line is outline of right basal lobe. Line drawing by P. Martin Sander. Scale bar applies to both photo and drawing. in First Water Lily, A Leaf Of Nymphaea Sp., From The Miocene Clarkia Flora, Northern Idaho, Usa: Occurrence, Taphonomic Observations, Floristic Implications

Text-fig. 2. Nymphaea sp. from the Miocene Clarkia Lake flora, Locality P-33. a: Photograph of the fossil leaf. b: Sketch of leaf showing the salient features of shape, basal lobes and margin, eccentric insertion point of the abaxial petiole, and primary actinodromous venation. Dashed lines represent torn edge of lamina; dotted line is outline of right basal lobe. Line drawing by P. Martin Sander. Scale bar applies to both photo and drawing.