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opennotspecifiedDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 5 in A new extinct species of Snipe (Aves: Scolopacidae: Gallinago) from the West Indies

FIGURE 5. The coracoid in posterior aspect of snipes. A. Gallinago kakuki, UF 219340. B. G. paraguaiae, UF 24865. C. G. delicata, UF 46104. D. G. s t e n u r a, UF 33765. E. G. media, UF 33814. F. G. hardwickii, UF 24687. G. Limnocryptes minimus, UF 33762. Scale bars = 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A stonefly species extinct in Europe (Taeniopteryx araneoides Klapalek, 1902, Taeniopterygidae, Plecoptera) is thriving in the Irtysh River in West Siberia and North Kazakhstan

FIGURE 3. Detail of a female of Taeniopteryx araneoides from Omsk, 3 v 2003: a—wings; b—end of abdomen in dorsoposterior view; d—the same, ventral view; scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A stonefly species extinct in Europe (Taeniopteryx araneoides Klapalek, 1902, Taeniopterygidae, Plecoptera) is thriving in the Irtysh River in West Siberia and North Kazakhstan

FIGURE 2. Details of Taeniopteryx araneoides males from Omsk, 3 v 2003: a–e—mature male, f—male with a not yet fully expanded epiproct; a—general habitus; b—wings; c—end of abdomen in lateral view; d—the same, dorsal view; e—the same, ventral view; f—laterodorsal view; scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A stonefly species extinct in Europe (Taeniopteryx araneoides Klapalek, 1902, Taeniopterygidae, Plecoptera) is thriving in the Irtysh River in West Siberia and North Kazakhstan

FIGURE 1. Taeniopteryx araneoides photographed at the Irtysh River in the Omsk centre: a—males on driftwood (two not fully mature with grey legs and a mature one with black legs), 29 iv 2006; b—female, 4 v 1979; c—attempt at mating of teneral male and a female with crumpled wings, 4 v 1979.

FIGURE 3 in A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)

FIGURE 3. PremaXilla and mandible of Pyrrhula crassa n.sp. (A; MCMa 2003.016 holotype, A`; MCMa 2002.016, reVersed), P. murina (B, B`; SPEA-140) and P. pyrrhula (C; LARC- 2328, C`; CIPA-1570). From top to bottom: dorsal, Ventral and lateral VieWs. Quadrate of P. crassa n.sp. (D; MCMa 1998.016), P. pyrrhula (E; CIPA-1570), and Fringilla coelebs (F; IMEDEA 12518). Lateral VieW.

FIGURE 2. Measurements. 1 in A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)

FIGURE 2. Measurements. 1: cranium length, from the apeX of the premaXilla to the end of the cranium; 2: dorsal length of the premaXilla, from the nasofrontal hinge to the premaXillary apeX; 3: Ventral length of the premaXilla, from the palatine notch to the premaXillary apeX; 4: nostril length, 5: nostril Width; 6: processus dorsonarialis Width; 7: premaXilla Width; 8: premaXilla height; 9: mandible length; 10: length of the mandibular symphysis; 11: maXimum Width of the symphysis; 12: minimum height of mandibular ramus; 13: maXimum mandibular height; 14: minimal mandibular height at the lateral cotyla; 15: length of the lateral cotyla; 16: maXimum Width of the mandible; 17: humerus length, from the caput humeris to the end of processus flexorius; 18: proXimal humerus Width; 19: humerus Width of shaft at midpoint; 20: humerus distal Width; 21: carpometacarpus length; 22: carpometacarpus proXimal Width; 23: carpometacarpus distal Width; 24: coracoid length, from the processus acrocoracoideus to the angulus medialis coracoidei. 25: tibiotarsus length from the apeX of the facies articularis medialis to the distal part of the distal condyles; 26: tibiotarsus Width of shaft at midpoint; and 27: tibiotarsus maXimum Width of the distal end.

FIGURE 6 in A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)

FIGURE 6. (A): PCA plot for the tWo principal components obtained from premaXilla Ventral length, nostril length, and premaXilla Width and height (traits 3, 4, 7 and 8). (B): PCA plot for the tWo principal components obtained from mandible length, symphysis length and Width (traits 9, 10 and 11). Pyrrhula pyrrhula (triangles), P. erythaca (circles), P. murina (squares), and P. crassa n.sp. (stars).

FIGURE 1 in A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)

FIGURE 1. Geographic position of Macaronesia in eastern Atlantic Ocean, shoWing the Azores Archipelago and the location of Furna do Calcinhas (spot) inside Caldeira Volcano in Graciosa Island.

FIGURE 4 in A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)

FIGURE 4. Coracoid, humerus and carpometacarpus of Pyrrhula crassa n.sp. (A), P. murina (B) and P. pyrrhula (C). From top to bottom: left coracoid dorsal VieW, left humerus caudal VieW and right carpometacarpus Ventral VieW. Right tibiotarsus of P. crassa n.sp. (A`), P. murina (B`) and P. pyrrhula (C`), cranial VieW. From top to bottom (A): MCMa 2010.016, MCMa 1998.016, MCMa 2009.016; (B): SPEA-120; (C): CIPA 2057, CIPA 1570, CIPA 2328. (A`): MCMa 1998.016; (B`): SPEA- 120; (C`): LARC 2328.

FIGURE 5. A in A new extinct species of large bullfinch (Aves: Fringillidae: Pyrrhula) from Graciosa Island (Azores, North Atlantic Ocean)

FIGURE 5. A: Skull and mandible, lateral VieW. From top to bottom: Pyrrhula pyrrhula, LARC 2328; P. murina, SPEA 120; P. crassa n.sp., based on premaXilla MCMa 2006.016 and mandible MCMa 2002.016. The missing parts haVe been added using the equiValent parts of P. murina. Scale = 1 cm. B: From top to bottom: aspect of eXtant P. pyrrhula; P. murina; and possible aspect in life of P. crassa n.sp. (colours are speculatiVe). Art by Pau OliVer.

PLATE 2 in A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre

PLATE 2. The blond capuchin showing (a) the face and the faded white cap, and (b) a lateral view of whole body.

PLATE 5 in A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre

PLATE 5. The first picture ever taken of the blond capuchin, Cebus queirozi sp. nov. in their natural environment, a Montrichardia linina swamp in the Pernambuco Endemism Center, the paratype.

PLATE 4 in A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre

PLATE 4. The blond capuchin showing the much lighter fur that covers (a) hand, and (b) feet, and their black and furless palms.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre

FIGURE 1. Location of the new species, Cebus queirozi sp. nov. in the Pernambuco Endemism Center, according to this study, and distribution of the other Cebus species referred to the adjacent area, according to Groves (2001) and Rylands et al. (2005).

PLATE 3 in A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre

PLATE 3. The blond capuchin showing (a) head and shoulders, and (b) lateral view of the face and neck, with a furless, accentuated pendulous throat flap.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Competition increases risk of species extinction during extreme warming

<p>Temperature and interspecific competition are fundamental drivers of community structure in natural systems and can interact to affect many measures of species performance. However, we know surprisingly little about the extent to which competition affects extinction temperatures during extreme warming. This information is important for evaluating future threats to species from extreme high-temperature events and heat waves, which are rising in frequency and severity around the world. Using experimental freshwater communities of rotifers and ciliates, this study shows that interspecific competition can lower the threshold temperature at which local extinction occurs, reducing time to extinction during periods of sustained warming by as much as two weeks. Competitors may lower extinction temperatures by altering biochemical characteristics of the natural environment that affect temperature tolerance (e.g., levels of dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes) or by accelerating population decline through traditional effects of resource depletion on life history parameters that affect population growth rates. The results suggest changes in community structure in space and time could drive variability in the upper thermal limits.</p>

FIGURE 3. Pachyphytum odam Art. Castro & P. Carrillo. A–B in Spatial richness analysis and an evaluation of extinction risk for the genus Pachyphytum (Crassulaceae), with the description of a new species from Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 3. Pachyphytum odam Art. Castro & P. Carrillo. A–B. Lateral and front view of the flower. C. Lateral view of the rosette. D. Calyx lobes. E. Corolla lobes. F. Transverse view of the ovary. G. Lateral view of the androecium and gynoecium. H. Petal abaxial view. I. Lateral view of the corolla without the calyx. J–K. Lateral and adaxial view of the cincinnus. Photographs: Arturo Castro Castro.

FIGURE 2 in Spatial richness analysis and an evaluation of extinction risk for the genus Pachyphytum (Crassulaceae), with the description of a new species from Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

FIGURE 2. Species richness by grid cell of Pachyphytum. Biogeographic provinces according to Morrone et al. (2017).

FIGURE 3 in Ceropegia strophanthiflora (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)-a magnificent and rare new species from South Africa at the brink of extinction

FIGURE 3. Flowers of Ceropegia rehmannii (A,B) and details of reproductive structures of C. strophanthiflora (C,E,G) in comparison to its closest relative C. rehmannii (D,F,H). A, Inflorescence of C. rehmannii. B, Close-up image of C. rehmannii flower. C,D, Sideview of gynostegium. E,F, Top-view of gynostegium. G,H, Pollinarium. Scale bars: 1 cm (A), 2 mm (B), 0.5 mm (C–F), 200 µm (G,H). Photographs: David Styles (A,B) and Annemarie Heiduk (C–H).

FIGURE 1 in Ceropegia strophanthiflora (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)-a magnificent and rare new species from South Africa at the brink of extinction

FIGURE 1. Ceropegia strophanthiflora from the south-western edge of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A,B, Habit of a plant in habitat. C, Excavated tuber. D, Follicle with two developed mericarps. E, Habitat at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (A), 1 cm (B–D). Photographs: David Styles (A–C, E) and Annemarie Heiduk (D).