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Fig. 4. Morphological details P in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 4. Morphological details P. brachychaeta of male: (a) ANT I-V; (b) ANT III with secondary rhinaria (sr) and ANT IV with secondary rhinaria and primary rhinarium on the apex (black arrow); (c) end of ANT IV and ANT V with secondary rhinaria (sr) and primary rhinaria (black arrows). Primary rhinaria on ANT V present as large major rhinarium (black arrow) and small accessory rhinaria (white arrow); (d) dorsum of abdomen with siphunculi (s) and ventrally located genitalia (G) out of focus; (e) ventral view of the genitalia with paramere projections (pp) fused basally and connected to the basal part of phallus (bp) and the broad, sclerotic, genitalic ring; (f) posterior ventral view of the genitalia showing the size and shape of paramere projections (pp) and the basal part of phallus (bp).

Fig. 3 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 3. Morphological details of P. brachychata ovipara: (a) ANT I-V; (b) ANT V with base and processus terminalis (PT); (c) URS; (d) hind tarsus with three of five ventral and single dorsal seta (arrow) visible on the first segment (HT I), the second segment with claws with pointed apices (arrowhead); (e, f, g) TIBIA III with pseudosensoria of different shapes; (h) egg (E) inside abdomen; (i) posterior abdomen with cauda (C), ABD VIII, and genital plate (GP); (j) dorsal abdominal seta.

Fig. 2 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 2. Cluster analysis result among eight reindeer populations. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) in MEGA software were used for this analysis.

Fig. 1 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 1. Pseudessigella brachychaeta in life: (a) ovipara; (b) male; (c) sexuales in copula, (d, e) P. wallichiana and habitat in the mountain area of Yousmarg (2396 m [7861 ft]) in India.

Fig. 1 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 1. The hatching rate (a), survival rate (b), and female ratio (c) of Onychostoma barbatulum at different water temperatures. The number on each bar is mean percentage. The means in each chart with the same superscript letter are not significantly different (P> 0.05) by Duncan's multiple-comparison procedure.

Fig. 1 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 1. Distribution of Rangifer tarandus sampled from eight geographic regions in China. The eight reindeer populations are Yang Shuanghu hunter points (YSH), Budongxia hunter points (BDX), Balajieyi hunter points (BLJY), Damala hunter points (DML), Dawa hunter points (DW), Guwenqiang hunter points (GWQ), Suoyulan hunter points (SYL) and Maliyasuo hunter points (MLYS).

Fig. 9 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 9. SEM of P. brachychaeta eggs: (a) egg located on P. wallichiana needle; (b) close-up of egg; (c, d) rounded ring on one of the poles of the chorion (white arrow); (e) slightly wrinkled external layer of chorion; (f) grainy and porous internal layer of chorion.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 2. Boxplots of model-estimated bivariate standard ellipse area (SEAB). Dark, median and light grey boxes are respectively the 50%, 75% and 95% credibility intervals of the probability of density function distributions of the model solutions, and black dots are the modes of these distributions. Red dots represent the standard ellipse areas computed using a frequentist algorithm adapted for small sample sizes (SEAC).

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 3. Relationship between body size (SL, mm) and isotopic values (A: δ13C; B: δ15N) in studied apogonids. Only significant relationships are illustrated.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 1. (A) Mean values (± SD) of δ13C (‰) and δ15N (‰) of cardinalfishes. (B) Isotopic niches of cardinalfishes. Points are individual measurements, and solid lines represent the bivariate standard ellipses associated to each group Species and sampling years are represented by different symbols and colors, respectively.

Fig. 7 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 7. SEM of sensilla of P. brachychaeta male: (a) ventral side of pedicel with short, rigid and pointed type-1 trichoid sensilla and single rhinariolum near the distal end of the segment (white arrow); (b) structure of the rhinariolum showing small aperture and coeloconic-like sensillum with poorly-developed projections; (c) antenna segments I-V; (d) secondary rhinaria (small placoid sensilla) on ANT III; (e) different shapes and sizes of the secondary rhinaria (small placoid sensilla) on ANT III; (f) secondary rhinaria (small placoid sensilla) (sr) and primary rhinarium (large placoid sensillum) (white arrowhead) on ANT IV; (g) sensilla on ANT V: primary sensilla in form of major rhinarium (large placoid sensillum) (white arrowhead) and accessory rhinaria (black arrowhead) on the apex of BASE and secondary rhinaria (small placoid sensilla) on the whole length of BASE of ANT V; (h) structure of primary rhinaria on ANT V: large and rounded major rhinarium (white arrowhead), and two kinds of accessory rhinaria – mushroom-shaped small placoid sensilla (solid arrows) and sunken coeloconic sensilla (dotted arrow); (i) type-I trichoid sensillum as found on antennal segments I-IV and ANT V BASE; (j) type-II trichoid sensilla on ANT V PT, arranged into three apical (ap) and two subapical (sap) setae; (k) straight trichoid sensillum with expanded apex as distributed mostly on the spinal and pleural regions of the body; (l) slightly curved and blunt trichoid sensillum as distributed mostly on the marginal regions of the body; (m) trichoid sensilla on tibia: with capitate or blunt apices dorsally and with pointed apices ventrally.

Fig. 6 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 6. Relationships between the chemical compositions (water composition: water in % wet mass (WM), carbon composition: C in % dry mass (DM) and nitrogen composition: N in % DM) and relative composition of the oil sac volume (OSV) to the total volume (TV) for various Copepoda in the subarctic Pacific Ocean (cf. Table 3). For significant relationships, regressions were calculated; ***: p <0.001, ****: p <0.0001, ns: not significant. The values for volume were the applied mean values of the lateral and dorsal views.

Fig. 7 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 7. Comparison of the dry mass (DM) - prosome length (PL) regressions of Copepoda of similar body sizes belonging to three genera (Paraeuchaeta, Neocalanus and Eucalanus bungii). For details of the regressions, see table 1.

Fig. 4 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 4. Cypria lacrima sp. nov. A: Hemipenis of male, B: rake-like organ of male, C: A2, D: T1, E: hypostome. Female (C-E). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 5 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 5. Scatterplot of CV1 and CV2 scores for lateral view of the mandible. TPS deformation grids for the extreme points of each axis are shown. Deformation grids were 3x exaggerated.

Fig. 2 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 2. Diagrams of the length and volume measurements of Copepoda (Eucalanus bungii C6F with full lipid) in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C: E. bungii C6F with low lipid, D: Neocalanus cristatus C5 with full lipid (left) and low lipid (right), E: Metridia okhotensis C5F with full lipid (left) and low lipid (right). PL: prosome length, PW: prosome width, OSL: oil sac length, OSW: oil sac width, UL: urosome length, UW: urosome width.

Fig. 5 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 5. Percent changes in the volumes, masses and chemical compositions of Eucalanus bungii C6F, Metridia okhotensis C6F and Neocalanus cristatus C5 along with relative lipid contents (low: L, medium: M and full: F) (cf. Table 3). PV: prosome volume, OSV: oil sac volume, TV: total volume (= PV + urosome volume [UV]), WM: wet mass, DM: dry mass, C: carbon, N: nitrogen. For volumes, the mean values of the lateral and dorsal views were applied for these calculations.

Fig. 3 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 3. Locations of landmarks for (a) ventral view of the skull and (b) lateral view of the mandible. Landmarks numbers corresponded to those listed in Table 1.

Fig. 2 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Megadontomys based on cytochrome b sequence data (modified from Vallejo and González-Cózatl 2012).

Fig. 1 in Figs. 10-16 in Taxonomic Review of Zavreliella Kieffer from East Asia

Fig. 1. Cypria lacrima sp. nov. A: Dorsal view, B: External and C: internal view of LV, D: Posterior end of RV, E: RV internal view, F: Internal views of anterior, and G: posterior ends of LV. Male (A-C, F, G); Female (E, D). Scale bars: 100 μm for A-C, E; 50 μm for F; 20 μm for D, 10 μm for G. Arrows show anterior end.