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638 results for “thinning”
Data from: Temporary thinning shock in previously shaded red spruce
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Data from: Tree growth responses to extreme drought after mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest, USA
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Data from: Tamm Review: a meta-analysis of thinning, prescribed fire, and wildfire effects on subsequent wildfire severity in conifer dominated forests of the Western US
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Data supplement for "Thin-Film Modeling of Resting and Moving Active Droplets"
<p>This dataset contains the data and source files for figures 4-10, 12, and 14-20 in the following publication: </p> <p>S. Trinschek, F. Stegemerten, K. John and U. Thiele</p> <p><em>"Thin-Film Modeling of Resting and Moving Active Droplets"</em></p> <p>published in 2020 in Physical Review E.</p> <p>Please follow the instructions given in 'Readme.txt'.</p>
Ultrafast-Laser-induced precessional dynamics in antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic thin films
<p>Open data of "Ultrafast-Laser-induced precessional dynamics in antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic thin films" published in Physical Review B, xx, yy (2020)</p>
Data from: Biomass–density relationships of plant communities deviate from the self‐thinning rule due to age structure and abiotic stress
<p>A pertinent debate in plant ecology centers around the generality of the self-thinning rule. However, studies focused on highly simplified settings such as even-aged monospecific populations or optimal conditions. This neglects the fact that most natural communities, to which the classical self-thinning slope is often applied, are age-structured, composed of multiple species and exposed to various types of abiotic stress.</p> <p>With the help of an individual-based model, we relax these simplified assumptions and systematically test for changes in the biomass–density relationships of uneven-aged, functionally diverse plant communities across a complete stress gradient, using excessive to insufficient soil water as a case study.</p> <p>We show that frequent recruitment, which resulted in an uneven-aged community, and stress intensity caused predictable changes in the entire biomass–density trajectory. Increasing stress resulted in steeper (more negative) slopes and increased the intercept in the classical self-thinning section irrespective of excessive or insufficient soil water as a stress type. Recruitment steepened the slope, too and enabled a novel section in the biomass–density trajectory. This novel section represented a quasi-steady state of the density-dependent dynamics of new generations which occurred locally within patches of recruitment. At the community level, the slope of the biomass–density relationship at quasi-steady state had a significantly flatter slope of −1.1 under optimal soil water conditions. Functional diversity showed little impact on density-dependent mortality. Namely, it resulted in an earlier onset of mortality but not in changes in the values of the slope and intercept.</p> <p>We conclude that the classical −3/2 slope is not useful to describe the biomass–density relationship in natural and semi-natural plant communities. The magnitude and direction of variation in the slope are related to the age–structure and abiotic stress intensity in the plant community.</p>
Synthesis of Bi2S3 thin films based on pulse-plating bismuth nanocrystallines and its photoelectrochemical properties
<p>The solubility of Bi<sup>3+</sup> in aqueous solution is an important factor that limits the fabrication of high quality Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> thin films. In order to find a low–cost method to manufacture high quality Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> thin films, we are reporting the preparation of the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> thin films based on pulse-plating method in this paper for the first time. The nano-bismuth particles were obtained by electroplating on fluorine doped SnO<sub>2</sub> (FTO) coated conducting glass substrates with saturated bismuth potassium citrate solution as the electroplating bath, and then it was put into a muffle furnace to oxidize. Finally, the thin films depositing on FTO glass substrates were put into the thioacetamide solution for vulcanization. In the end, the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> thin films were successfully prepared on FTO glass substrates. Different characterization techniques were used to characterize the structure, morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of the prepared thin films. The test results revealed that we used this method can synthesize the high quality of Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> thin films, thus the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> materials synthesized through this method are promising candidates in photoelectrochemical application.</p>
Supplementary information for 'Structural and chemical properties of superconducting Co-doped BaFe2As2 thin films grown on CaF2'
<p>This repository contains supplementary information for the journal article '<a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6668/abcecf">Structural and chemical properties of superconducting Co‑doped BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> thin films grown on CaF<sub>2</sub></a>'.</p> <p>The Jupyter notebooks (.ipynb) demonstrate data treatment for Fig. 4b (folder "HyperSpy EDXS Analysis") and Fig. 10a (folder "Atomap"). The notebooks can be run with the provided datasets. HTML files are also provided for quick inspection of the used procedures in a web browser. Supplementary video files (.mp4) show electron-beam-induced radiation damage at the BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>-CaF<sub>2</sub> interface.</p> <p>Please visit the websites of the <a href="https://hyperspy.org/">HyperSpy</a> and <a href="https://atomap.org/">Atomap</a> projects for more information.</p> <p>If there are any questions or bugs, please contact me under lukas.gruenewald_at_kit.edu.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Phenolics lie at the center of functional versatility in the responses of two phytochemically diverse tropical trees to canopy thinning
Saplings in the shade of the tropical understorey face the challenge of acquiring sufficient carbon for growth as well as defence against intense pest pressure. A minor increase in light availability via canopy thinning may allow for increased investment in chemical defence against pests, but it may also necessitate additional biochemical investment to prevent light-induced oxidative stress. The shifts in secondary metabolite composition that increased sun exposure may precipitate in such tree species present an ideal milieu for evaluating the potential of a single suite of phenolic secondary metabolites to be used in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stressors. To conduct such an evaluation, we exposed saplings of two unrelated species to a range of light environments and compared changes in their foliar secondary metabolome alongside corresponding changes in the abiotic and biotic activity of their secondary metabolite suites. Among the numerous classes of secondary metabolites found in both species, phenolics accounted for the majority of increases in antioxidant and UV-absorbing properties as well as activity against an invertebrate herbivore and a fungal pathogen. Our results support the hypothesis that phenolics contribute to the capacity of plants to resist co-occurring abiotic and biotic stressors in resource-limited conditions.
Photochlorination of Toluene - The Thin Line Between Intensification and Selectivity. Part 2: Selectivity
<p>This repository contains the original quantum chemical data from the original publication.</p> <p>See the README.md file for explanations of files and the directory structure.</p>
Data from: A comparison of clearfelling and gradual thinning of plantations for the restoration of insect herbivores and woodland plants
1. Testing restoration methods is essential for the development of restoration ecology as a science. It is also important to monitor a range of taxa, not just plants which have been the traditional focus of restoration ecology. Here we compare the effects on ground flora and leaf-miners, of two restoration practices used when restoring conifer plantations. 2. Two methods of restoration were investigated: clearfelling of plantations and the gradual thinning of conifers over time. Unrestored plantations and native broad-leaved woodlands were also surveyed, these representing the starting point of restoration and the reference community respectively. The study sites consist of two forest types (acidic Quercus woodland and mesotrophic Fraxinus woodland) enabling us to compare the two restoration methods in different habitat types. We use a well-replicated, large-scale study system consisting of 32 woodland plots, each 2 ha in size. 3. There were 179 plant species identified in the plots. Clearfelled plots had greater overall ground flora species richness than other management regimes (thinned, unrestored plantation and native woodland), but the richness of woodland plant species did not differ between clearfelled, thinned, native woodland and unrestored plantation plots. 4. More than 10 000 leaf-miners comprising 122 species were collected. Increased plant species richness was associated with increased leaf-miner species richness under all management regimes except clearfelled plots. 5. Forest type did not affect the response to restoration method, i.e. there was no interaction between management regime and forest type for any of the variables measured. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that both the clearfelling and gradual thinning approaches to plantation restoration maintain woodland ground flora species. Either method can be used without detriment to woodland ground flora species richness. However, these methods differed in their effects on the leaf-miner–plant species richness relationship. If increasing invertebrate herbivore species richness is a concern the gradual thinning approach is more appropriate.
Data from: Log moisture capacity does not predict epixylic bryophyte growth under thinned and unthinned forest canopies
1. Coarse woody debris (CWD) serves as habitat for diverse and rare taxa in forest systems. Because the abundance of mosses appears to be correlated with log size and stage of decay, many have suggested that CWD serves as a moisture reservoir, ensuring a humid microclimate and facilitating moss growth, but no one has tested this connection. Intact forest canopies are also thought to maintain humid conditions that benefit moss growth. If microclimatic regulation is the primary mechanism contributing to high moss abundance on CWD, then epixylic moss growth should increase with the capacity of the log moisture reservoir, and the importance of the reservoir size should increase with canopy opening. 2. Three types of synthetic logs, identical in size and shape but differing in moisture capacity, and two natural substrates, well-decayed birch and Thuja logs, were used to test the effects of log moisture capacity on growth of Dicranum flagellare under thinned and intact canopies of a spruce plantation over 20 months. 3. Surface humidity was positively associated with moisture capacity, but did not reach the water compensation point outside of precipitation events. Under a closed forest canopy, moss growth was negligible across all log types. Under an open forest canopy, moss growth was greater on natural substrates than synthetic ones, and negatively related to moisture capacity. CWD facilitates a sufficiently humid surface for only a short time after precipitation, presumably when a film of liquid water is maintained near the surface. 4. For Dicranum flagellare, canopy condition is a more accurate predictor of growth than CWD-moisture capacity; any beneficial properties of CWD appear to be lessened by a dense forest canopy (as in silvicultural plantations), probably because it reduces access to liquid water from precipitation. 5. We propose that the surface moisture availability of CWD depends on optimal depth of a "resisting layer" below the log surface, representing a tradeoff between water retention and loss (via percolation or runoff at extremely deep vs. shallow resisting layer depth). CWD may possess microclimate-regulating traits that benefit moss growth, but it does not appear to act as a moisture capacitor.
Data from: Bat communities respond positively to large-scale thinning of forest regrowth
Over half of the world's forests are secondary regrowth and support considerable biodiversity. Thinning of these forests is a widespread management practice that can affect forest species, including echolocating bats and their prey. We compared total activity of 11 bat taxa, foraging activity of six bat guilds and biomass of 11 insect orders across four forest thinning categories in managed remnant eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia: unthinned regrowth, forest thinned recently (0–4 years) and in the medium term (5–10 years) and reference (mature open forest). Thinning had been carried out at large (˜350 ha) spatial scales. Total bat activity was 60% less and foraging activity was 80% less in unthinned regrowth, compared to reference sites, but activity levels were similar among thinned and reference sites. Insect biomass was greatest in unthinned sites, and while bat activity was related to prey biomass, this relationship was weak in unthinned sites. Together, this suggests that forest structure was more important than prey availability or time since thinning in influencing bat activity patterns. Synthesizing our findings with the broader literature on bats and thinning, we found support for a clutter threshold of 1100 stems ha−1, above which bat activity was markedly lower, across two continents (the USA and Australia) and four broad vegetation types (eucalypt, conifer, deciduous and mixed forests). While elsewhere bats with adaptive traits for open habitats generally respond positively to thinning, in our study, species with traits consistent with clutter tolerance (high call frequency and low wing aspect ratio) had lowest activity levels (up to 22 times) in unthinned regrowth compared to all other forest types. Synthesis and applications. Widespread dense regrowth forest can restrict movement and foraging of bats, even those adapted to clutter. We recommend thinning dense regrowth or plantations to below 1100 stems ha−1 when targeting bat foraging habitat, but effects of thinning on roost habitat and other forest biota require further investigation.
Pernambuco State, Brazil (MZSP 30975). Fig. 1: ventral, lateral & dorsal views; Fig. 2: apical view, V = varix, L = edge of outer lip. Figs. 3–4: paratype from the type lot (MZSP 122078). Fig. 3: ventral view; Fig. 4: apical view (varix not developed in this immature specimen). Figs. 5–6: shell surface SEM images of holotype (MZSP 30975). Fig. 5: image taken at 500x showing pattern of paired grooves separated by wider region; the thin line is parallel to the axis of shell. Fig. 6: a closer look showing pattern of punctae (1,000x). SEM images by Yolanda Villacampa and courtesy of the Smithsonian. in Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species
Pernambuco State, Brazil (MZSP 30975). Fig. 1: ventral, lateral & dorsal views; Fig. 2: apical view, V = varix, L = edge of outer lip. Figs. 3–4: paratype from the type lot (MZSP 122078). Fig. 3: ventral view; Fig. 4: apical view (varix not developed in this immature specimen). Figs. 5–6: shell surface SEM images of holotype (MZSP 30975). Fig. 5: image taken at 500x showing pattern of paired grooves separated by wider region; the thin line is parallel to the axis of shell. Fig. 6: a closer look showing pattern of punctae (1,000x). SEM images by Yolanda Villacampa and courtesy of the Smithsonian.
Effects of Cd1-xZnxS alloy composition and post-deposition air anneal on ultra-thin CdTe solar cells produced by MOCVD
<p>Ultra-thin CdTe:As/Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>S photovoltaic solar cells with an absorber thickness of 0.5 µm were deposited by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition on indium tin oxide coated boro-aluminosilicate substrates. The Zn precursor concentration was varied to compensate for Zn leaching effects after CdCl<sub>2</sub> activation treatment. Analysis of the solar cell composition and structure by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling and X-ray diffraction showed that higher concentrations of Zn in the Cd<sub>1‑x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>S window layer resulted in suppression of S diffusion across the CdTe/Cd<sub>1‑x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>S interface after CdCl<sub>2 </sub>activation treatment. Excessive Zn content in the Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>S alloy preserved the spectral response in the blue region of the solar spectrum, but increased series resistance for the solar cells. A modest increase in the Zn content of the Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>S alloy together with a post-deposition air anneal resulted in an improved blue response and an enhanced open circuit voltage and fill factor. This device yielded a mean efficiency of 8.3% over 8 cells (0.25 cm<sup>2</sup> cell area) and best cell efficiency of 8.8%.</p>
Cryo-electron microscopy images of thin, vitreous biological samples with gold fiducial markers
<div> <p lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><span>Set of images compiled from EMPIAR </span><span>and </span><span>the </span><span>CryoET</span><span> Data Portal </span><span>with</span><span> corresponding segmentations of gold fiducial markers.</span></span><span> </span></p> </div> <div> <p lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><span>All images have been rescaled to a pixel size of 8 Å/</span><span>px</span></span><span> </span></p> </div> <div> <p lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><span>Annotations performed manually using </span><span>napari</span><span>.</span></span><span> </span></p> </div> <div> <p lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10009 - Cryo-electron tomography of an C1-IgG complex</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10046 - Mouse 5-HT3 receptors in lipid vesicles</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10164 - immature HIV-1 </span><span>dMACANC</span><span> VLPs</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10304 - Improved applicability and robustness of fast cryo-electron</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>tomography data acquisition<br></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10364 - E. coli minicells (collected with a volta phase plate)</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10453 - SARS-CoV-2</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10631 - fungal membrane-assembled </span><span>retromer:Grd</span><span>19 coat </span><span>containing</span><span> Kex2</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>cargo motif</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>EMPIAR-10814 - mouse DRG axons</span></span><span><span> </span><br></span><span lang="EN-US"><span>DS-10431 - Plasma membranes isolated by unroofing</span></span><span> </span></p> </div>
Supplementary Information: Video data files: Gray et al. Caught on camera: Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis (Mammalia: Felidae) predation on foam nests of Savage's thin-toed frog, Leptodactylus savagei (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)
<p>Supplementary Information: Original camera trap footage for Gray, Ibáñez, Barrios & Potvin: Caught on camera: Ocelot, <i>Leopardus pardalis </i>(Mammalia: Felidae) predation on foam nests of Savage's thin-toed frog, <i>Leptodactylus savagei</i> (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). </p><p> </p>
Data and code from "Nanoporous graphene-based thin-film microelectrodes for in vivo high-resolution neural recording and stimulation"
<p>Data and code for reproducing the main results of the paper "Nanoporous graphene-based thin-film microelectrodes for in vivo high-resolution neural recording and stimulation".</p>
Model codes, data, and plot scripts for the paper "A numerical modeling study on the Earth's surface brightening effect of cirrus thinning"
<p>The model codes, data, and plot scripts used in the paper "A numerical modeling study on the Earth's surface brightening effect of cirrus thinning".</p><ul><li>Mods: the modified CAM model code used in these three experiments.</li><li>Results: post-processing NCL scripts and the results used for making plots.</li><li>figs: the NCL scripts and figures used in the paper.</li><li>Parcel: parcel model that represents the ice nucleation process.</li></ul><p> </p>
Influence of ion irradiation on the nanomechanical properties of thin alumina coatings deposited on 316L SS by PLD
<p>Set consists three folders named after the methods used to obtained the data i.e. Nanoindentation, XRD and SEM.</p> <p><strong>→ SEM </strong></p> <p>In SEM folder there are 4 original image files that make up Figure 2 in the paper. Below please find the description:</p> <p><em>Fig. 2. SEM images of: (a) etched 316L SS surface; as-deposited PLD-grown Al2O3 coating on 316L SS: (b) cross-section, (c) surface; (d) surface of PLD-grown Al2O3 coating after ion irradiation (50 dpa).</em></p> <p><strong>→ XRD</strong></p> <p>In XRD folder there are two .txt files that makes up the Fig. 3 in the paper. In each of them there are two columns, where 1<sup>st</sup> is 2θ (°) and 2<sup>nd</sup> is Intensity (counts per second). Based on the filenames, they are clearly identifiable.</p> <p><strong>→ Nanoindentation</strong></p> <p>In Nanoindentation folder there are two folders dedicated to two different materials (coating and substrate steel). In each of these folders there are subfolders indicating data for the particular material state (level of dpa). To each unique combination of the material, state and nanoindentation force there are two .txt files assigned. First is named ‘LD [material] [dpa][force].txt’ and contains Load-displacement data. In such a file there are two columns, where 1<sup>st</sup> is force (mN) and 2<sup>nd</sup> is displacement (nm). Single curves are arranged one under another (separated with two empty rows). Second file is named ‘AR [material] [dpa][force].txt’ and contains aggregate data. For reproducing the calculations given in the paper, first seven columns from the file are needed:</p> <p>1<sup>st</sup> – measurement No</p> <p>3<sup>rd</sup> - Maximum indentation depth h(max) (nm)</p> <p>4<sup>th</sup> - Indenter contact depth at F(max) h(c) (nm)</p> <p>5<sup>th</sup> – Maximum force (mN)</p> <p>6<sup>th</sup> - Indentation hardness H(IT) (GPa)</p> <p>7<sup>th</sup> – Reduced modulus E (GPa)</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.