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Fig. 4 in Bionomics of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; exploring performance of various trap types and their characteristics

Fig. 4. Annual population dynamics of (a) number of fruit flies, (b) flies per trap per d, (c) number of species, (d) number of Bactrocera dorsalis, (e) number of Bactrocera zonata, (f) number of Bactrocera cucurbitae flies in relation to climatic factors in Peshawar District.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Comparison of parasitoid retention on yellow sticky card traps

Fig. 1. Percentage of parasitoid escape afer 72 h on Alpha Scents folding yellow card traps and Pherocon AM no-bait traps.

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Fig. 2 in Comparison of parasitoid retention on yellow sticky card traps

Fig. 2. Yellow sticky card containing pushpins marking the location of captured parasitoid wasps. Pushpins were placed approximately 2 to 3 mm from each captured wasp and their movement on the sticky card can be observed with the wasp's varying distance from pushpins.

Fig 5 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping

Fig 5. Phylogenetic tree based on a portion of the COI barcoding segment showing the relationships of selected non-target moth specimens (g54xxx) isolated from fall armyworm pheromone traps relative to selected GenBank sequences. GenBank sequences are indicated by species name followed by accession number. Fall armyworm R-strain and fall armyworm C-strain are consensus sequences for the 2 fall armyworm host strains.

Fig. 2 in Captures of oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in traps baited with torula yeast borax solution or 2- or 3-component synthetic food cones in Hawaii

Fig. 2. Captures of wild Zeugodacus cucurbitae in traps baited with torula yeast borax solution, 2-component cones, or 3-component cones. Symbols represent means (± 1 SE); N = 10 traps per treatment per weathering interval.

Fig 3 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping

Fig 3. Field screening of home-made trap design (Jar2 and Jar4) in comparison to Unitrap model using pheromone lures (all combined) over 2 maize cropping systems (maize monoculture and maize-cowpea intercrops) during the second planting season. The traps were installed on 30 Sep 2019 during the second maize growing season, and the moth collection period covered Oct to Dec. The data denotes average numbers per trap type for overall 3-d intervals moth collections with standard errors.

Fig 2 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping

Fig 2. Preliminary field test of pheromone traps using the 2-component fall armyworm pheromone PSU lure during the first maize growing season: comparison between home-made Jar2 trap and Unitrap model (A) (average number per trap type for overall weekly moth collections; error bars represent standard error and different lowercase letters denote statistical difference), and fluctuation in moth trap catch of the Unitrap-2-component lure combination (B) (moth collections were done every 3 d).

Fig 4 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping

Fig 4. Moth trap catch of 3 pheromone lures over 2 cropping systems (maize monoculture and maize-cowpea intercrops) using Unitraps. The traps were installed on 30 Sep 2019 during the second maize growing season and allowed to collect moths Oct to Dec 2019. The 4-component lure type (4C) contained Z9-14:Ac (78.3%), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) (3.6%), Z7-12:Ac (11.2%), and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac) (7.0%); whereas the 3-component lure type (3C) was composed of Z9-14:Ac (66.1%), Z11-16:Ac (4.7%), and Z7-12:Ac (29.3%); and the 2-component lure type (2C) of Z9-14:Ac (90.5%) and Z7-12:Ac (9.5%). The data represents average numbers for overall 3-d intervals moth collections.

Fig 1 in Monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda in Benin: assessing the influence of trap type, pheromone blends, and habitat on pheromone trapping

Fig 1. Traps used in study: commercially available Unitrap (A); home-made Jar2 trap constructed from 2 L plastic jar (B). The Jar2 trap was designed by G.T. TepaYotto and J.K. Winsou.

Fig. 4 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 4. Proportion of tephritids (dark grey), beneficial arthropods (white), and other non-target insects (light grey) captured by the different treatments in the 2017 and 2018 seasons.

Fig. 3 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 3. Proportion of gravid (dark grey) and non-gravid (light grey) females of Ceratitis capitata lured to the different treatments on pre- and post-harvest period during the 2018 season (NS = no significant differences, * = P ≤ 0.05). (A–B) Dixieland peach; (C–D) Fuji Kiku apple; (E–F) Satsuma mandarin. Treatments with no captures are not presented.

Fig. 2 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 2. Proportion of gravid (dark grey) and non-gravid (light grey) females of Ceratitis capitata lured to the different treatments on pre- and post-harvest period during the 2017 season (NS = no significant differences, * = P ≤ 0.05). (A–B) Dixieland peach; (C–D) Fuji Kiku apple; (E–F) Satsuma mandarin. Treatments with no captures are not presented.

Fig. 1 in Food attractants for mass trapping of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its selectivity for beneficial arthropods

Fig. 1. Cumulative Ceratitis capitata captures expressed as females per trap per d index for the pre-harvest (light gray) and post-harvest (dark gray) periods are shown, for the 3 field trials and the 2 seasons of evaluation. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments in the cumulative captures of females for the total trial period.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 1. Diagrammatic representation of the olive grove with sampling plots and locations of trap series within each plot. Location of individual traps is represented by an X.

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Fig. 6 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 6. Total thrips collected from sticky cards at each sampling station during olive bloom. For analysis, sampling positions within the dotted line were considered to be interior, whereas those on the outside were considered to be outer sites.

Fig. 6 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 6. Stacked frequency distributions of captured Elenchus koebelei males. The white area under the outline illustrates the number of days with a given catch at Wakulla Beach, the gray area depicts that for all years at Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTM), and the hashed gray area represents the portion of the catch at GTM without 2014. Lastly, the broad outline represents the combined catch frequencies from both sites for all 3 years, 2013–2015. More than half the days with no catches occurred in 2014, when sampling began in mid-Oct.

Fig. 5. Live Elenchus koebelei males caught over a 3 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 5. Live Elenchus koebelei males caught over a 3-year period plotted against minutes relative to sunrise. Most eclosed males were caught between 30 min before sunrise and sunrise itself. None were caught more than 63 min before or 36 min afer sunrise. Though wind-induced fluctuations occurred at Wakulla Beach, the range of capture times at both sites were similar, and peak catch times appear strongly influenced by morning civil twilight. Of the 521 adult male E. koebelei caught over the course of the study, only the 391 captured alive at known times are included in the graph.

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Fig. 4 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 4. Comparison of mean numbers of thrips (± SE) collected by sticky traps, tap samples, or brush samples between pre-bloom, bloom, and post-bloom sampling periods. Bars with different letters indicate significantly different means (P <0.05).

Fig. 3 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 3. Collection sites: The north branch of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve in Saint John's County, near Florida's Atlantic Coast, and Wakulla Beach, on the Gulf Coast in Wakulla County. [Produced with assistance from Eco-Regions of Florida. Level IV Ecoregions graphic developed by the Watershed Monitoring Section, Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida. Sourced from Griffith et al. (2001). Adapted with permission.]

Fig. 8 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 8. Daily Strepsiptera catch versus temperature and wind speed. Ninetythree percent of the Elenchus koebelei were caught at temperatures between 21.7 to 25.6 °C (71–78 °F) inclusive. Strepsiptera catch suffered markedly when it was too cold. Similarly, most E. koebelei were captured when the wind was blowing slightly, perhaps owing to the role pheromones play. The ×'s indicate conditions in which no Strepsiptera were caught but sampling was attempted. Graphed wind speeds were measured at area weather stations rather than locally.