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4,059 results for “mammal”
Figure 8 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids
Figure 8. Topological comparison of the left first molar of A, Rhagomys (R. rufescens; MZUFV-CM 3706); B, Thomasomys (T. aureus; CNP 6471); C, Wilfredomys (W. oenax; CNP 2378) and the left second molar of D, Delomys (D. sublineatus; UFSC711).
Figure 3 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids
Figure 3. Selected anatomical traits and regions in the cranium of Rhagomys: A, lateral left view of the cranium of R. septentrionalis (MEPN 10898): note the position of the mastoid (mc) well above the basal plane (indicated by the yellow horizontal line); B, lateral view of the left otic region of R. rufescens (MZUFV-CM 3706); C, ventral view of basicranial region of R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172); D, dorsal view (roofing bones of braincase removed) of basicranial region of R. septentrionalis (MEPN 10898); E, cross-section of the cranium of R. septentrionalis (MEPN 10898) at the frontal sinuses plane. Abbreviations: bs, basisphenoid; bo, basioccipital; f, fontanelle; fo, foramen ovale; m, foramen magnum; etI, ethmoturbinal I; etII, ethmoturbinal II; etIII, ethmoturbinal III; ft1, frontoturbinal 1; ft2, frontoturbinal 2; it, interturbinal; ls, lamina semicircularis; ps, presphenoid. Except for B the pictures are three-dimensional reconstructions based on micro-CT data.
Figure 7 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids
Figure 7. ICAMER system applied on the right first upper (upper row) and lower (lower row) molar of Rhagomys rufescens (MZUFV-CM 3706). Schematic cuspal units employed differential colours to highlight component structures (arms and projections). Abbreviations: upper molar: alb, anterolabial conule; alg, anterolingual conule; am, anterior mure; anf, anteromedian flexus; ant, anteroloph; hyf, hypoflexus; hyp, hypocone; mef, metaflexus; met, metacone; mm, median mure; msf, mesoflexus; msp, mesoloph; paf, paraflexus; pal, paraloph; par, paracone; pof, posteroflexus; pol, posteroloph; prf, protoflexus; pro, protocone. Lower molar: amd, anterior murid; cg, anterolabial cingulum; enfd, entoflexid; ent, entoconid; entl, entolophid; hyfd, hypoflexid; lgd, anterolingual conulid; med, metaconid; mefd, metaflexid; metl, metalophid; mmd, median murid; msd, mesolophid; msfd, mesoflexid; pod, posterolophid; pofd, posteroflexid; prd, protoconid.
Figure 5 in Morphological disparity in a hyperdiverse mammal clade: a new morphotype and tribe of Neotropical cricetids
Figure 5. Incisor external appearance and morphology of Rhagomys: A, labial view of the left lower incisor of R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172): note the thick band of enamel (e) compared to dentine (d); B, ventral view of the left lower incisor of R. septentrionalis (MECN 6172): note the tenues groove (g); C, frontal view of both upper incisors of R. rufescens (MZUFV-CM 3706): note the inverted v shape of the cutting edge (broken line) and the flattened anterior faces medially inclined (arrows); D–F, ventral view of the left lower incisor of R. rufescens (MZUFV-CM 3706): note the textured surface. A and B are three-dimensional reconstructions based on micro-CT data.
FIGURE 2 in An annotated checklist of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia, with lists of hosts and pathogens
FIGURE 2. Map of Malaysian Borneo showing the geographical distribution of sucking lice. Some species are excluded from the map due to the lack of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species names: ca, callosciuri; co, cognatus; ds, dissicula; ga, galeopitheci; ki, kinabalensis; ku, kumadai; lu, ludwigi; na, nasuta; pe, pectinata; pn, pansus; si, sicata; sp, spinulosa; tu, tuberculatus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org.
FIGURE 1 in An annotated checklist of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia, with lists of hosts and pathogens
FIGURE 1. Map of Peninsular Malaysia showing the geographical distribution of sucking lice. Some species are excluded from the map due to the lack of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species names: af, africanus; an, ancoratus; ca, callosciuri; cp, capitaneus; dp, diaphora; ds, dissicula; el, elbeli; em, emersoni; er, erismata; eu, eurysternus; in, insulsa; kt, kitti; ku, kumadai; ma, malaysiana; na, nasuta; pa, pacifica; pe, pectinata; pl, pallidus; qu, quadripertusus; re, reclinata; ro, robustus; se, serrata; sp, spinulosa; tu, tuberculatus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org.
Data and code for: Human density modulates spatial associations among tropical forest terrestrial mammal species
<p>The spatial aggregation of species pairs often increases with the ecological similarity of the species involved. However, the way in which environmental conditions and anthropogenic activity affect the relationship between spatial aggregation and ecological similarity remains unknown despite the potential for spatial associations to affect species interactions, ecosystem function, and extinction risk. Given that human disturbance has been shown to both increase and decrease spatial associations among species pairs, ecological similarity may have a role in mediating these patterns. Here, we test the influences of habitat diversity, primary productivity, human population density, and species' ecological similarity based on functional traits (i.e., functional trait similarity) on spatial associations among tropical forest mammals. Large mammals are highly sensitive to anthropogenic change and therefore susceptible to changes in interspecific spatial associations. Using two-species occupancy models and camera trap data, we quantified the spatial overlap of 1,216 species pairs from 13 tropical forest-protected areas around the world. We found that the association between ecological similarity and interspecific species associations depended upon surrounding human density. Specifically, aggregation of ecologically similar species was more than an order of magnitude stronger in landscapes with the highest human density compared to those with the lowest human density, even though all populations occurred within protected areas. Human-induced changes in interspecific spatial associations have been shown to alter top-down control by predators, increase disease transmission and increase local extinction rates. Our results indicate that anthropogenic effects on the distribution of wildlife within protected areas are already occurring and that impacts on species interactions, ecosystem functions, and extinction risk warrant further investigation. </p>
Histological stacks for: Vestigial structures and variation in the evolution of the marsupial mammal dental development: A study of the Woolly Opossum Caluromys philander
<p>The pattern of dental replacement in marsupial mammals has received much attention for its derived nature and potential relationship to the life history of the group. However, few species have been studied thoroughly and little is known about the embryonic structures and their use in addressing issues of homology and dental evolution in general. We studied a developmental series of ten individuals of pouch young Caluromys philander to thoroughly document dental development with histological sections and 3D models of dental series.</p> <p>This dataset contains the raw TIFF stacks for the above histological sections. These may be used for direct histological analysis, or to generate 3D-reconstructions using software such as Fiji and TrakEM2.</p>
Data from: Benefits of living closer to kin vary by genealogical relationship in a territorial mammal
<p>While cooperative interactions among kin are a key building block in the societies of group-living species, their importance for species with more variable social environments is unclear. North American red squirrels (<em>Tamiasciurus</em> <em>hudsonicus</em>) defend individual territories in dynamic neighbourhoods and are known to benefit from living among familiar conspecifics, but not relatives. However, kin-directed behaviours may be restricted to specific genealogical relationships or strongly mediated by geographic distance, masking their influence at broader scales. Using distance between territories as a proxy for the ability of individuals to interact, we estimated the influence of primary kin (parents, offspring, siblings) on the annual survival and reproductive success of red squirrels. This approach revealed associations between fitness and access to kin, but only for certain genealogical relationships and fitness components. For example, females had enhanced annual survival when living closer to their daughters, though the reverse was not true. Most surprising was the finding that males had higher annual reproductive success when living closer to their father, suggesting possible recognition and cooperation among fathers and sons. Together, these findings point to unexpected nuance in the fitness consequences of kinship dynamics for a species that is territorial and largely solitary.</p>
Glacier Bay National Park mammal and plant community data
<p>1.<span> </span>Disturbance is a key driver of community assembly and patterns of diversity. Whereas successional changes in vegetation have been well studied, post-disturbance successional patterns of wildlife communities remain poorly understood.</p> <p>2.<span> </span>Here, we investigated the roles of site age and habitat in shaping community assembly and the diversity of terrestrial mammals in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (GBNP), which has undergone the most rapid and extensive deglaciation in the world since the Little Ice Age. Deglaciation has extensively altered the landscape, opening up new habitat for recolonization by plants and animals. </p> <p>3.<span> </span>We used camera traps, small mammal trapping and vegetation surveys to investigate the patterns of mammalian succession and beta diversity following deglaciation, using a space-for-time substitution across 10 sites during summers 2017 and 2018. Site age and habitat characteristics were not strongly correlated (r < 0.46), allowing the influences of time since disturbance and habitat changes to be distinguished.</p> <p>4.<span> </span>PERMANOVA analyses indicated that mammal community assembly was more strongly influenced by site age than habitat, whereas habitat and age had similar effects on beta (between site) diversity. Beta diversity was higher for smaller, less mobile mammals than larger, more mobile mammals and was primarily driven by species turnover among sites, whereas relative turnover was much lower for larger mammals. A comprehensive review of historic distributions of mammals in GBNP supported our findings that species turnover is a driving influence of community assembly for smaller mammals. </p> <p>5.<span> </span>Our results indicate that body size of mammals may play an important role in shaping colonization patterns post-disturbance, likely via size-related differences in mobility. Patterns of wildlife community assembly may therefore not track vegetation succession following disturbances if there are barriers to movement or if dispersal ability is limited, highlighting the importance of incorporating landscape connectivity and species traits into wildlife conservation efforts following disturbances. This knowledge may improve predictions of mammalian community assembly following major disturbance events. </p>
Data from: Can body mass and skull morphology predict seed and fruit ingestion potential for mammal species? A test using extant species and its application to extinct species
<p>Larger animals are assumed to ingest larger seeds and consume larger fruits, but empirical studies reveal inconsistent trends between body mass and the average size of fruits and seeds ingested. Further, no studies have explored seed size relationships with morphological traits, such as skull dimensions. Such characteristics might provide more reliable estimates of ingestion ability and allow for accurate predictions of seed dispersal capacity in species for which we lack empirical data, especially extinct species. To determine whether (i) mammalian skull dimensions are better predictors of the maximum size of ingested seeds and fruits, compared to body mass and (ii) body mass are the better predictors of mean fruit and seed sizes, we studied these relationships across three mammalian orders: Chiroptera, Primates, and Carnivora.</p> <p>We collected novel data on skull dimensions and collated available data on body mass and maximum and mean sizes of ingested fruits and seeds for mammals (N=100) across the Neotropics, Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. We explored the relationships between anatomical traits and fruit and seed sizes of extant species and made predictions for five extinct species.</p> <p>Our results revealed that body mass and skull dimensions are essential determinants of ingested fruit and seed size in mammals. The latter traits can generate predictions for extinct species, especially coronoid height and maximum jaw gape. Nevertheless, body mass predicted larger ingested fruits and seeds than skull dimensions and explained a greater part of the variance for both maximum and mean sizes in our dataset.</p> <p>Our results show how body mass and cranial anatomy constrain seed size and reinforce the importance of maintaining functional diversity in seed dispersers to maintain tropical forest structure. We also show that scientists can use morphological characteristics to predict the seed dispersal potential of extinct mammals allowing better inferences on past and future consequences of frugivore extinctions within tropical forests.</p>
Virus diversity, wildlife-livestock circulation and potential zoonotic viruses of small mammals, pangolins and zoo animals
<p>Virus diversity, wildlife-livestock circulation and potential zoonotic viruses of small mammals, pangolins and zoo animals<br> In this analysis, all relevant Electropherogram files, alignment files and tree files were shown.</p>
Marine mammal acoustic presence - South Orkney Island 2016 & 2017
<p>Data used in study looking at the marine mammal species diversity and habitat use at South Orkney Island through passive acoustic monitoring. </p> <p>File description </p> <ul> <li>2016_dailyAP_rawData.csv: countdata of the number of hours per day containing at least one species-specific vocalization during the recording period in 2016</li> <li>2017_dailyAP_rawData.csv: countdata of the number of hours per day containing at least one species-specific vocalization during the recording period in 2017</li> <li>data16_20.csv: proportion of daily acoustic marine mammal presence (0-1) and environmental variables within the audible area based on a sound frequency of 20 Hz and source level of 189 db, in 2016</li> <li>data17_20.csv: proportion of daily acoustic marine mammal presence (0-1) and environmental variables within the audible area based on a sound frequency of 20 Hz and source level of 189 db, in 2017</li> <li>data16_100.csv: proportion of daily acoustic marine mammal presence (0-1) and environmental variables within the audible area based on a sound frequency of 100 Hz and source level of 163 db, in 2016</li> <li>data17_100.csv: proportion of daily acoustic marine mammal presence (0-1) and environmental variables within the audible area based on a sound frequency of 100 Hz and source level of 163 db, in 2017</li> <li>data16_200.csv: proportion of daily acoustic marine mammal presence (0-1) and environmental variables within the audible area based on a sound frequency of 200 Hz and source level of 163 db, in 2016</li> <li>data17_200.csv: proportion of daily acoustic marine mammal presence (0-1) and environmental variables within the audible area based on a sound frequency of 200 Hz and source level of 163 db, in 2017</li> <li>GAMM_modelling.R : R code</li> </ul>
Transcriptional profiling of the response to starvation and fattening reveals differential regulation of autophagy genes in mammals
<p>Nutrient deprivation (starvation) induced by fasting and hypercaloric regimens are stress factors that can influence cell and tissue homeostasis in mammals. One of the key cellular responses to changes in nutrient availability is the cell survival pathway, autophagy. While there has been much research into the protein networks regulating autophagy, less is known about the gene expression networks involved in this fundamental process. Here, we applied a network algorithm designed to analyze omics datasets, to identify sub-networks that are enriched for induced genes in response to starvation. This enabled us to identify two prominent active modules composed of key stress-induced transcription factors, including members of the Jun, Fos, and ATF families, and the other comprising autophagosome sub-network genes, including ULK1. The results were validated in the brain, liver, and muscle of fasting mice. Moreover, differential expression analysis of autophagy genes in the brain, liver, and muscle of high-fat diet-exposed mice, showed significant suppression of GABARAPL1 in the liver. Finally, our data provide a resource that may facilitate the future identification of regulators of autophagy.</p>
FIGURE 2 in An annotated checklist of the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera, Amblycera Rhynchophthirina) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia
FIGURE 2. Map of Malaysian Borneo showing the geographical distribution of mammalian chewing lice. Some species were excluded from the map due to the absence of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species: ca, canis; em, emersoni; sp, spiniger; su, subrostratus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org
FIGURE 1 in An annotated checklist of the chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera, Amblycera Rhynchophthirina) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia
FIGURE 1. Map of Peninsular Malaysia showing the geographical distribution of mammalian chewing lice. Some species were excluded from the map due to the absence of locality information. Abbreviations of louse species: ca, caprae; el, elephantis; mj, mjoebergi; ol, ovalis; ov, ovis; po, porcelli; si, siamensis; sp, spiniger; su, subrostratus. Malaysian map data obtained from the website https://gadm.org
Fig. 5 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California
Fig. 5.—Nonparametric multiplicative regression response curves (estimated by kernel functions) for the best model (highest cross-validated xR2) for describing Glaucomys sabrinus abundance given the habitat characteristics at 20 trapping sites in Yosemite National Park, California (2004–2005). The best model included a combination of fire severity (index), shrub species understory cover (%), and oak tree overstory cover (%). The values on the graph are not intended to suggest definitive thresholds or maximum values for any of the habitat variables (see "Materials and Methods").
Fig. 3.—Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination for the 4 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California
Fig. 3.—Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination for the 4 habitat variables (overstory cover, oak tree cover, shrub cover, and fire severity index) and elevation and the 11 most commonly captured mammal species in 10 burned and 10 unburned sites from April to July 2004 and 2005 in Yosemite National Park, California. Only variables with a r ≥ 0.7 or the environmental variable with the highest r for that axis (i.e., fire severity r = −0.41 and oak tree cover r = 0.51) are listed on each axis. The R2 was 0.09 and 0.77 for axis 1 and 2, respectively, for a cumulative total of 0.86. The mammal species codes represent the following: CALA, Callospermophilus lateralis; GLSA, Glaucomys sabrinus (r = 0.73 on axis 1); MIXX, Microtus sp.; NEQU, Neotamias quadrimaculatus (r = −0.71 on axis 2); NESP, N. speciosus (r = −0.67 on axis 1); OTBE, Otospermophilus beecheyi; PEBO, Peromyscus boylii; PEMA; P. maniculatus (r = −0.88 on axis 2); SCGR, Sciurus griseus (r = 0.68 on axis 1); SOXX, Sorex sp.; TADO, Tamiasciurus douglasii.
Fig. 4 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California
Fig. 4.—Nonparametric multiplicative regression response curves (estimated by kernel functions) for the best model (highest cross-validated xR2) describing Neotamias quadrimaculatus abundance given the habitat characteristics at 20 trapping sites in Yosemite National Park, California (2004–2005). The best model was the full model. The values on the graph are not intended to suggest definitive thresholds or maximum values for any of the habitat variables (see "Materials and Methods").
Fig. 2 in Effects of fire on small mammal communities in frequent-fire forests in California
Fig. 2.—Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination results for overstory cover (%), oak tree cover (%), and shrub cover (%) at 10 burned and 10 unburned small mammal trapping sites in Yosemite National Park, California, 2004 and 2005. Only the variables with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.7 are listed on each axis with overstory canopy and oak tree cover on axis 1 (r = −0.90 and 0.82, respectively) and shrub cover (r = 0.85) on axis 2. The R2 was 0.58 and 0.38 for axis 1 and 2, respectively, for a cumulative total of 0.96.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.