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Figs. 21–24 in On the taxonomy of Myrmicaria Saunders, 1842 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Philippines

Figs. 21–24. Forest habitats on Mt. Palali, Nueva Vizcaya Province, type locality of M. buenaventei new species (© P.A.C. Buenavente).

Figs. 17–20 in On the taxonomy of Myrmicaria Saunders, 1842 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Philippines

Figs. 17–20. Mesosoma in dorsal view: (17) Myrmicaria aphidicola from Bukidnon; (18) M. buenaventei new species (holotype); (19) M. chapmani new species (holotype); (20) M. transversa new species (holotype).

Figs. 11–12 in On the taxonomy of Myrmicaria Saunders, 1842 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Philippines

Figs. 11–12. Holotype worker of Myrmicaria chapmani new species: (11) head in full-face view; (12) postpetiole and base of gaster tergite 1 in dorsal view.

Figs. 5–6 in On the taxonomy of Myrmicaria Saunders, 1842 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Philippines

Figs. 5–6. Holotype worker of Myrmicaria buenaventei new species in lateral (5) and dorsal (6) view.

FIGURE 10 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

FIGURE 10. Posterior views of the occipital region in Vampyrodes caraccioli (A, USNM 405129) and V. major (B, FMNH 127114) illustrating taxonomic differences in the groove between the occipital condyle and the paracondylar process (arrow) and the position of the parietal foramina (pf). In V. caraccioli the groove between the occipital condyle and paracondylar process is weakly developed and the pf are well separated from the nuchal crest. In V. major, however the groove between the occipital condyle and the paracondylar process is well developed and the pf are closer to the nuchal crest.

FIGURE 8 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

FIGURE 8. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the skull of Vampyrodes caraccioli (USNM 405129; male) from Amazonas, Venezuela; the stylohyals were reconstructed from USNM 582872, a female from Cuzco, Peru. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull of V. major (FMNH 127114; male) from Veracruz, Mexico.

FIGURE 7 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

FIGURE 7. Labial view of the left P3–M1 illustrating presence and absence of perikymata. Top, Vampyrodes caraccioli (AMNH 230653) with distinct perikymata (arrow). Bottom, Platyrrhinus lineatus (AMNH 23771) without distinct perikyma.

FIGURE 6 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

FIGURE 6. Map showing collecting localities of Vampyrodes caraccioli (circles) and V. major (squares). Numbers refer to entries in the Gazetteer (appendix).

FIGURE 5 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

FIGURE 5. Principal components analysis (performed on cranial, dental and one external variables) showing dispersion of scores representing Vampyrodes caraccioli (circles) and V. major (triangles) along: (A) first and second axes (B) first and third axes. PC1 represents a size axis (with larger specimens appearing toward the right side of the plot) and PC2 portrays a difference in shape.

FIGURE 4. Combined cyt-b and D in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

FIGURE 4. Combined cyt-b and D-loop maximum likelihood phylogram for both species of Vampyrodes. Support statistics from a parsimony bootstrap analysis, a maximum likelihood bootstrap analysis, and a Bayesian analysis are indicated at each resolved node. For the parsimony and maximum likehood analyses (MP and ML, respectively), white indicates bootstrap frequencies ≤50%, grey indicates bootstrap frequencies between 50% and 75%, and black indicates bootstrap frequencies ≥75%. For the Bayesian analysis (BPP), white indicates posterior probabilities <0.95, whereas black indicates posterior probabilities ≥0.95. For each terminal, an alphanumeric identifier and the country of origin (from table 1). Numbers in parentheses refer to localities mapped in figure 6 and listed in the Gazetteer (appendix).

FIGURE 3 in Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the Genus Vampyrodes Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

FIGURE 3. Diagram of the cranium of an adult Vampyrodes caraccioli showing limits of cranial and dental measurements.

Fig. 5 in A Clade of Non-Sexually Dimorphic Ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species

Fig. 5. Left lateral view of head of: (A) Leiognathus robustus, holotype, UMMZ 242144, adult male, 183.4 mm SL; (B) Leiognathus equulus, UMMZ 238805, adult male, 173.4 mm SL. Arrow indicates nuchal spine.

Fig. 6 in A Clade of Non-Sexually Dimorphic Ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species

Fig. 6. Comparative radiographs of similarly sized (A) Leiognathus robustus, holotype, UMMZ 242144, adult male, 183.4 mm SL, and (B) Leiognathus equulus, UMMZ 238805, adult male, 173.4 mm SL.

Fig. 8. A in A Clade of Non-Sexually Dimorphic Ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species

Fig. 8. A. Scomber equula Forsskål, lectotype, ZMUC P48219, dry skin, 131 mm SL, Yemen: Red Sea: Luhaiya. B. Scomber edentulus Bloch, holotype, ZMB 8756, dry left skin, India: Tranquebar.

Fig. 1 in A Clade of Non-Sexually Dimorphic Ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species

Fig. 1. Comparison of light organs (circled) and associated features of the LOS in male leiognathids exhibiting both sexually dimorphic and nondimorphic states. Leiognathus elongatus, extreme sexual dimorphism: (A) external anatomy illustrating expansive transparent lateral flank patch characteristic of males, which is located just external to the clear gasbladder wall and enlarged dorsal lobes of the male light organ; (B) internal anatomy illustrating lateral clearing of the silvery gasbladder lining (arrow) and hypertrophied dorsal lobes of the light organ, which lie internal to the gasbladder lining (removed). Leiognathus aureus, moderate to extreme sexual dimorphism: (C) external anatomy illustrating transparent pectoralaxil patch characteristic of males, which lies just exterior to the hypertrophied dorsolateral lightorgan lobes; (D) internal anatomy illustrating enlarged dorsolateral lightorgan lobes that abut lateral clearing of the integument just internal to the pectoralfin axil. Leiognathus equulus, nondimorphic: (E) external anatomy; (F) internal anatomy. In members of the L. equulus species complex the light organ is not enlarged in males and there is no corresponding lateral clearing of the silvery gasbladder lining (arrow indicates posterior clear region common to all leiognathids) or integument proximal to the light organ.

Fig. 2 in A Clade of Non-Sexually Dimorphic Ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species

Fig. 2. Single optimal tree of leiognathid relationships recovered by combined analysis of mitochondrial (16S and COI) nucleotide characters. L. = Leiognathus; G. = Gazza; S. = Secutor. Numbers above branches represent Bremer support and numbers below branches represent Jackknife resampling percentages (>50%). Letters at nodes correspond to clades discussed in text: clade A = Leiognathidae; clade B = leiognathids with nonsexually dimorphic LOS; clade C = leiognathids bearing sexually dimorphic LOS. LOS features characteristic of members of recovered clades (Sparks and Dunlap, in review) are indicated on the topology.

Fig. 3 in A Clade of Non-Sexually Dimorphic Ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Description of a New Species

Fig. 3. Leiognathus robustus, holotype, UMMZ 242144, 183.4 mm SL, adult male; Singapore. A. External anatomy, illustrating general pigmentation pattern, and absence of transparent flank or opercular

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FIG. 32 in The Anatomy And Taxonomy Of The Exquisitely Preserved Green River Formation (Early Eocene) Lithornithids (Aves) And The Relationships Of Lithornithidae

FIG. 32. The holotype skull and cervical vertebrae of Pseudocrypturus cercanaxius (USNM 336103) in A, left lateral and B, right lateral views. Scale = 1 cm. See anatomical abbreviations.

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FIG. 33 in The Anatomy And Taxonomy Of The Exquisitely Preserved Green River Formation (Early Eocene) Lithornithids (Aves) And The Relationships Of Lithornithidae

FIG. 33. Nearly complete skull (USNM 391983) referred to Lithornis promiscuus in A, left lateral, B, right lateral, C, dorsal, and D, ventral views. Scale = 1 cm. See anatomical abbreviations.