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14,185 results for “phylogenies”
APPENDIX 4 in A New Brontothere (Brontotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Ily Basin of Kazakstan and a Phylogeny of Asian ''Horned'' Brontotheres
APPENDIX 4 PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTER MATRIX
APPENDIX 2 in A New Brontothere (Brontotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Ily Basin of Kazakstan and a Phylogeny of Asian ''Horned'' Brontotheres
APPENDIX 2 LIMB SEGMENT DATA (mm)
APPENDIX 1 in A New Brontothere (Brontotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Ily Basin of Kazakstan and a Phylogeny of Asian ''Horned'' Brontotheres
APPENDIX 1 MEASUREMENTS OF AKTAUTITAN HIPPOPOTAMOPUS (mm)
APPENDIX 1 in A New Brontothere (Brontotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Eocene of the Ily Basin of Kazakstan and a Phylogeny of Asian ''Horned'' Brontotheres
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
Data from: The first phylogeny of Australasian Lamiinae longhorn beetles
<p>We used phylogenomic data and information from the beetle fossil record to reconstruct the phylogeny and historical biogeography of Australasian longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Lamiinae. We further focused our study on the distribution of proposed diagnostic morphological characters in Lamiinae, and on the phylogeny of <i>Rhytiphora </i>Audinet-Serville, Australia's most species-rich genus of longhorn beetles. Lamiinae was monophyletic, but the majority of tribes were poly- or paraphyletic. Within Lamiinae, we recovered four main clades, including one clade mostly comprised of Australian endemic genera of probable Gondwanan origin. This clade also contained taxa that dispersed from Australia to New Zealand and experienced multiple independent instances of wing loss. Another of the four clades contained Australian genera that colonised the region from Asia, including <i>Rhytiphora</i>. The defining feature of <i>Rhytiphora</i>, the setose "sex patches" on the male abdomen, was shared with many other Asian lamiine genera recovered in the same clade. Our results shed new light on the geographic and temporal origins of Australian Lamiinae, revealing an unexpected mixture of both ancient Gondwanan and recent Asian origins. Moreover, we confirmed rampant non-monophyly at the tribal level among the Australasian genera of Lamiinae. Based on our results, we move 17 genera into Lamiinae <i>incertae sedis</i> and six genera into the tribe Ancitini Aurivillius. We also reinstate the tribe Niphonini Pascoe for part of the Asian-Australian Pteropliini Thomson and synonymise <i>Achriotypa </i>Pascoe with <i>Rhytiphora</i>.</p>
Plastid introgression and evolution of African miombo woodlands: new insights from the plastome-based phylogeny of Brachystegia trees
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Miombo woodlands form a characteristic vegetation type covering 2.7 million km<sup>2</sup> in southern and eastern Africa. Despite their wide geographical extent, their origin, floristic and spatial evolution through time remain understudied. To fill this gap, we studied the evolution of <em>Brachystegia</em> trees, one of the most representative genera of these woodlands (20 species), also represented in Guineo-Congolian rain forests (8 species).</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Tropical Africa, Guineo-Congolian forests and Zambezian savannahs.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We used a genome skimming approach to sequence the plastomes of 45 <em>Brachystegia</em> samples, covering 25 of the 29 existing species, and one outgroup (<em>Julbernardia paniculata</em>). The phylogeny of the plastomes was reconstructed and time-calibrated. We tested if the genetic divergence between lineages reflected taxonomic and/or geographic distances using Mantel tests. Finally, we inferred the evolutionary history of <em>Brachystegia</em> based on the age and spatial distribution of its lineages.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Surprisingly, species represented by multiple specimens appear rarely monophyletic while plastid clades display strong geographical structuring, independently of the species. Two main clades separate woodland and rain forest species, which diverged during the late Miocene-Pliocene (95% HPD = 2.78-8.59 Ma). In miombo woodlands, three subclades occur in parapatry along an East-West axis, ranging from Angola to East Africa. Their divergence started from the Plio-Pleistocene (95% HPD = 1.17-3.69 Ma). Divergence dates (TMRCA) within miombo subclades decrease from East Africa (1.53 Ma) to Angola (0.76 Ma).</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong>: <em>Brachystegia</em> plastomes appear unreliable to identify species, probably due to species introgression leading to recurrent chloroplast captures. However, they prove very informative for tracking the past dynamics of the genus, and suggest a historical westwards expansion of miombo <em>Brachystegia</em>, and possibly of miombo vegetation, during the Plio-Pleistocene. Further investigations using nuclear DNA are needed to assess the species tree as well as speciation and hybridisation events between species. </p>
Alignments used for the phylogenies in "Caryophylliids (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) have a mitochondrial gene rearrangement: lesson learned from mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenomics"
<p>"mitochondrial_caryotree.phy": concatenated alignment of mitochondrial data in phylip format; "mitochondrial_caryotree.partitions.txt": indication of start/stop positions of each partition in the mitochondrial data alignment; "nuclear_caryotree_55taxa-50p.phylip": alignment of nuclear exons and ultraconserved elements in phylip format.</p>
Fig. 26 in Contribution To The Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of The Genus Polia Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Hadenini): Species Groups And Pairs In The Holarctic Subgenus Polia S. Str.
Fig. 26. Consensus tree based on discrete character data of male genitalia
Fig. 19 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 19. The distribution of species of Voconia Stål, 1866 in Central America.
Fig. 17 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 17. The distribution of species of Voconia Stål, 1866 in Africa.
Fig. 15 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 15. Pygophore of outgroup species. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 13 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 13. Pygophore of species of Voconia Stål, 1866. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 18 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 18. The distribution of species of Voconia Stål, 1866 in the Australasian region.
Fig. 12 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 12. Pygophore of species of Voconia Stål, 1866. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 10 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 10. Lateral habitus of species of Voconia Stål, 1866. Scale bars = 3 mm.
Fig. 16 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 16. Aedeagus of outgroup species. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 9 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 9. Lateral habitus of species of Voconia Stål, 1866. Scale bars = 3 mm.
Fig. 5 in Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
Fig. 5. Dorsal habitus of species of Gerbelius Distant, 1903. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Data and code from: Traits and phylogenies modulate the environmental responses of wood-inhabiting fungal communities across spatial scales
<p>Identifying the spatial scales at which community assembly processes operate is fundamental for gaining a mechanistic understanding of the drivers shaping ecological communities. In this study, we examined whether and how traits and phylogenetic relationships structure fungal community assembly across spatial scales.</p> <p>We applied joint species distribution modelling to a European-scale dataset on 215 wood-inhabiting fungal species, which includes data on traits, phylogeny and environmental variables measured at the local (log-level) and regional (site-level) scales.</p> <p>At the local scale, wood-inhabiting fungal communities were mostly structured by deadwood decay stage, and the trait and phylogenetic patterns along this environmental gradient suggested the lack of diversifying selection.</p> <p>At regional scales, fungal communities and their trait distributions were influenced by climatic and connectivity-related variables. The fungal climatic niches were not phylogenetically structured, suggesting that diversifying selection or stabilizing selection for climatic niches has played a strong role in wood-inhabiting communities. In contrast, we found a strong phylogenetic signal in the responses to connectivity-related variables, revealing phylogenetic homogenization in small and isolated forests.</p> <p>Altogether, our results show that species-level traits and phylogenies modulate the responses of wood-inhabiting fungi to environmental processes acting at different scales. This result suggests that the evolutionary histories of fungal traits diverge along different environmental axes.</p>
Phylogeny, biogeography, and classification of the elms (Ulmus)
<p>A RAD-seq phylogeny is presented for the genus <i>Ulmus</i>, and a revised infrageneric classification is given, with keys, descriptions, and range maps for the subgenera and sections. The previously accepted classification was based on a cpDNA phylogeny, but several well-marked clades in the chloroplast phylogeny are not recovered in the RAD-seq phylogeny and do not seem to represent valid clades in the organismal phylogeny. Ordination and STRUCTURE analysis support a broad species concept in <i>Ulmus</i> sect. <i>Foliaceae</i> and demonstrate interspecific hybridization in the section. Several sections of the genus are disjunct between Asia, Europe, and North America, indicating dispersals between the northern continents with inferred dates from ca 20 Ma to ca 3 Ma. Morphological variation is discussed, and some characters previously considered characteristic of <i>Ulmus</i> subg. <i>Oreoptelea</i> (narrowly winged achenes, ciliate achene margin) are shared with the unrelated <i>U. villosa</i>.</p>
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OpenNeuro
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